In radially symmetric animals such as the jellyfish and hydra, the nervous system consists of a nerve net, a diffuse network of isolated cells.

He developed ex-vivo processes to activate and numerically expand the isolated cells for reinfusion into the patient of origin.

For very thin objects such as isolated cells, single-photon (confocal) microscopes can produce images with higher optical resolution due to their shorter excitation wavelengths.

A gland may consist of isolated cells or small group cells with or without a central cavity.

That similar patterns were seen in isolated cells as in previous multiple cell cultures provided the first strong evidence that individual neurons possessed the capacity to generate circadian rhythms.