| 释义 |
advancementn. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French avauncement. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman avauncement, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French avancement, Old French, Middle French advancement (French avancement ) progress, improvement, also an instance of this (1174 in Old French), advance, profit (13th cent.), promotion, preferment (c1270), action or an act of moving forward (1272 or earlier), money paid in advance (1290), settlement of portion of inheritance by anticipation (a1326 or earlier in Anglo-Norman; apparently not paralleled in continental Middle French until later (late 15th cent.)), act of paying a sum of money in advance (a1435 or earlier) < avancer advance v. + -ment -ment suffix. Compare Old Occitan avansamen , Catalan avançament , avençament (15th cent. as †avansament ), Spanish avanzamiento (late 14th cent. as †auançament ), Portuguese avançamento (15th cent.), Italian avanzamento (second half of the 13th cent.). Compare later advance n., advancing n., with which the word shows partial semantic overlap.In sense 2, which is unparalleled in French, apparently by confusion or association with avauntment n. (in quot. ?a1400 perhaps due to a scribal error). Sense 5 is unparalleled in French until considerably later (1592; rare). On the β. forms see discussion at advance v. the world > action or operation > continuing > progress, advance, or further continuance > furtherance > [noun] society > occupation and work > working > career > [noun] > promotion or upgrading the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > [noun] > rise in prosperity, power, or rank > advancement or promotion of a person c1325 (c1300) (Calig.) 6388 (MED) He ȝef him such auauncement as he wolde. ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng (Petyt) ii. 103 (MED) On oþer wise he salle haf auancement. a1450 (c1412) T. Hoccleve (Harl. 4866) (1897) l. 1402 (MED) Of holy chirche, my sone, I conceyue As ȝit ne hast þou non a-vancement. 1483 ( tr. G. Deguileville (Caxton) iv. xxxiii. f. lxxxij They coueyte nought to be neyhe the kyng for no corrupte cause ne hope of auauncement. a1500 (?a1390) J. Mirk (Gough) (1905) 45 Hauyng full tryst yn hor God þat he woll..ȝeuen hom auauncement in his court of Heuen. 1541 T. Elyot xxxiii. f. 77v His aduancement shall ingender in noble men an honest enuy. 1604 W. Shakespeare iii. ii. 55 Nay, doe not thinke I flatter, For what aduancement may I hope from thee. View more context for this quotation 1660 J. Milton 16 The civil rights and advanc'ments of every person according to his merit. 1700 N. Luttrell Diary in (1857) IV. 661 Mr. Ryley's advancement to the excise. 1728 R. D'Oyly iii. i. 303 Their wearing gold chains, as Badges of Office, we find as early as Joseph's advancement. 1758 No. 137. 832 When a brave man sees no prospect of advancement by his merit, he quits the service as soon as possible. 1815 W. Scott I. vii. 107 Since our friend's advancement to be a conservator of the peace, he had caused the gate..to be newly hung and handsomely painted. 1853 W. M. Thackeray i. 3 His hopes of advancement in England failing, Swift returned to Ireland. 1915 D. Haig Diary 14 Dec. in (2005) 173 In my eyes only those who had proved their fitness for advancement should be promoted. 1995 2 Feb. 30/6 Flattening of organisational structures..is leading to low morale, more work and employees feeling that they have fewer opportunities for advancement. the mind > emotion > pride > boasting or boastfulness > [noun] > a boast the mind > attention and judgement > esteem > approval or sanction > commendation or praise > [noun] ?a1400 (a1338) R. Mannyng (Petyt) ii. 196 (MED) I mad auancement [perh. read auantement; Fr. m'en alay avauntaunt], with þe alone to fight. 1489 (a1380) J. Barbour (Adv.) xv. 546 He sic a-wansement [1487 St. John's Cambr. a countenans] wald ma Off yar deid. 1564 T. Becon Pref. sig. Bvv To seke the glory of God, ye auancement of his blessed name. 1646 Sir T. Browne 213 Thus is it also esteemed no small advancement unto this number [i.e. 7] that the Genealogy of our Saviour is summed up by 14. that is, this number doubled. View more context for this quotation 1766 Sept. 558/1 Ignatius..resolved..to renounce the world entirely, and devote the residue of his life to the advancement of the name of Jesus. society > law > transfer of property > testamentary disposition > [noun] > giving property in advance of will 1411 in F. J. Furnivall (1882) 19 (MED) Y wille þat alle þe londes..be sold and þe Siluer þere of spendyd to þe avauncement of lucie, my dowter. 1528–30 tr. T. Littleton (new ed.) f. xxiv She shal haue nothyng in the remenaunt for this that it shal be vnderstande by the law that she is suffyciently auaunced, to whiche auauncement she agreeth. 1622 F. Bacon 204 The jointure or Aduancement of the Lady, was the third part of the Principality of Wales. 1768 W. Blackstone II. 517 But if the estates so given them, by way of advancement, are not quite equivalent to the other shares, the children so advanced shall now have so much as will make them equal. 1830 R. Dickson i. 103 Any advancement made by an intestate to any other of his children than the heir-at-law must be brought in hotchpot before they can claim distributive shares under the statute. 1870 1 280/2 That said land had been conveyed to D. W. by way of advancement. 1905 18 547 Where a parent pays the purchase money, but takes title in the child's name, a presumption arises that the transaction was intended as an advancement to the child. 1975 25 115 A trustee purported to exercise a discretionary power of advancement with the real object of benefiting the father of the cestui que trust. 2010 A. Hudson (ed. 6) xi. 481 It would..be possible for either type of account to be deemed at a later stage to have become an advancement in favour of the wife. the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > [noun] c1475 (?c1451) (Royal) (1860) 56 (MED) Every man..shuld..put hym in devoire and laboure for the avaunsment of the comon profit of a region. a1500 (?a1425) tr. (Lamb.) 44 (MED) Of auancement of study yn his londe. 1551 R. Robinson in tr. T. More Epist. sig. ✠iii For the auauncement & commoditie of the publique wealth. 1589 W. Fletewood in H. Ellis (1827) 2nd Ser. III. 31 As touching the avaunsement of Religion. 1605 F. Bacon (title) Twoo bookes of the proficience and aduancement of learning. 1658 J. Bramhall xi. 234 Ceremonies are advancements of Order, decency, modesty. 1719 No. 113. 1 The Time and Pains, bestowed in the Advancement of any Science for the Advantage of others, ought to be thankfully acknowledged, as an universal Benefit to Society. 1766 T. Amory II. v. 148 He mostly employed them [sc. his intellectual faculties]..to the good of mankind, the advancement of morality, and the spread of pure theism. 1793 S. Horsley 25 The joint advancement of the virtue and the happiness of the people. 1870 M. Loth xii. 256 As a wealthy man, it is your duty to use your wealth for the advancement of commerce and the prosperity of the many. 1922 27 199 The man who is concerned with the advancement of knowledge is unlikely to get into a rut. 1943 Mar. 6 The great advancements in military airplanes, made under the impetus of war's necessity, can be applied to commercial planes under peacetime conditions. 1999 M. Guibernau (2000) iv. 110 Leaders..seek to appear as engaged in the advancement of the nation and its people. the mind > language > statement > [noun] 1532 W. Thynne in Ded. sig. Aijv/2 Very remysse in the settyng forthe or avauncement..of the histories therof. 1689 G. Harvey x. 68 The Ancient Greek, and Arabian Physicians, are now so much despised by the supposed accession, and advancement of a new Theory. 1785 V. 276 He could not help expressing his astonishment at the advancement of such an argument against the positive letter of two acts of parliament. 1838 J. Stevenson in Gildas Pref. p. xiv Nor can any satisfactory reason be assigned for the advancement of such an assertion. 1866 20 Jan. 78/2 I think the unopposed advancement of such claims likely to bring on English physiology and medicine the ridicule of scientific Europe. 1903 L. B. Edwards xi. 204 His advancement of the same objections against her communicating with the undoubtedly terrified Candace and Emma was a severer blow than she dared admit. 2003 G. Alper iv. 179 In the advancement of a legal argument, there is no pretense of presenting a full-bodied description of the event or issue that is being disputed. society > trade and finance > payment > [noun] > advance payment society > trade and finance > financial dealings > moneylending > [noun] > loan > on security 1539 in (1888) App. ii. 106 Item, prested..to Anthony Chobo, the kingis Surgion, in aduauncement of his half yeres wagis beforehande..xx li. 1576 in J. H. Burton (1878) 1st Ser. II. 545 The debursaris of the said avancement and contributioun. 1594 (1816) IV. 78/1 The avancement of greit sowmes of monie to his hienes. 1620 in J. M. Thomson (1892) VII. 783/2 The advancement of moneyis. 1649 J. Evelyn (1857) III. 47 The Common Council require double security..of this last advancement. 1703 D. Defoe 264 It must..be in their Power..to prevent the advancement of any Sum of Money for the publick Service. 1812 M. Edgeworth Absentee xiv, in VI. 308 By the advancement of ready money from the Berryls,..the debts were reduced nearly to one half of their former amount. 1871 A. Giberne xvi. 161 I ventured to propose in your name the advancement of a sum of money, on condition of his hushing the matter up. 1904 77 720/1 A part of that amount consisted in advancements which the cattle company had made..for the improvement of the property. 2008 F. Ferretti i. 29 Consumer credit reporting is not mandated by law or regulation prior to the advancement of credit to consumers. 7. The action or an act of going forward; progress along a course; (also) the condition of having progressed; the degree to which something has progressed. the world > action or operation > continuing > progress, advance, or further continuance > [noun] > state of advancement towards completion the world > action or operation > prosperity > advancement or progress > [noun] > state of or advanced condition 1540 J. Palsgrave in tr. G. Gnapheus Ep. Ded. sig. bii Diuerse other profytes and aduancementes of your graces subiectes towardes good lernyng. 1580 T. Newton To Rdr. sig. A.iii The practises & pollices, the drifts & dealings, ye aduauncements and calamities..of great Monarchies..are manifestly layd open vnto the perfite view of our eyes. 1612 F. Bacon (new ed.) 70 Measure not dispatch by the times of sitting, but by the aduancement of the businesse. 1654 Earl of Monmouth tr. G. Bentivoglio i. i. 13 The reformed Religion made daily great advancements in France. 1673 M. Lister 12 Mar. (1683) 95 That part, I send you at present,..is of good advancement and progress. 1736 T. Lediard II. 555 The Advancement of the Season, not admitting of any farther Undertaking, the Winter-Quarters were settled. 1738 J. Swift p. x This Refinement..makes daily Advancements; and, I hope, in Time will raise our Language to the utmost Perfection. 1793 J. Smeaton (ed. 2) §271 [I] gave an account of the advancement of our works. 1825 J. R. McCulloch i. 10 The advancement of nations in civilization. 1865 132 The periodical advancements of national politics towards a perfect socialism. 1868 N. Hawthorne (1879) II. 139 We have water-melons in good advancement. 1908 R. MacFarlane in C. Mair 381 Now and then young birds and eggs in different stages of advancement are found in the same nest. 1995 C. Sagan (1997) xii. 200 There may be seventy kazillion other worlds, but not one is known to have the moral advancement of the Earth. the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > forward movement > [noun] 1637 R. Monro ii. 139 The Heidelbergish Garrison being acquainted with this advancement of the Feltmarshalls, they incontinent retired in great haste on Heidelberg. 1775 W. Anderson III. 307 The advantage might have been pushed to the forcing of the gates of the city; which the speedy advancement of the artillery would have easily effectuated. 1817 J. Mill II. v. iv. 450 They retired upon the brisk advancement of the grenadiers. 1873 C. Cushing vi. 254 The spirit of independence..is like the advancement of the sun in the sky, imperceptible as movement, but plain as to stages and ultimate destination. 1908 61 333 The length of the up-stream portion of the wave is continually increasing in consequence of the more rapid advancement of the wave's crest than of its upper terminal point. 2008 A. W. Ertl 23 The Great Barrier, which had long impeded the advancements of the Ottoman Turks into the Greek and Balkan provinces. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022). <  n.c1325 |
