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单词 christen
释义

christenadj.n.

Brit. /ˈkrɪsn/, U.S. /ˈkrɪsn/
Forms:

α. Old English crisn- (inflected form, rare), Old English cristn- (inflected form), Old English–1500s cristin, Old English–1500s crysten, Old English–1600s (1800s– archaic or regional) cristen, early Middle English crisstene, Middle English crestin, Middle English crestine, Middle English cristene, Middle English cristenne, Middle English cristeyn, Middle English cristine, Middle English cristne, Middle English criston, Middle English cristone, Middle English cristun, Middle English cristyne, Middle English cryston, Middle English crystone, Middle English crystoun, Middle English krystyin, Middle English–1500s cresten, Middle English–1500s crestyn, Middle English–1500s cristyn, Middle English–1500s crystene, Middle English–1500s crystyn, Middle English–1500s crystyne, Middle English–1600s chrysten, Middle English– christen, 1500s christin, 1500s chrystun, 1800s crissen (English regional); also Scottish pre-1700 chrestin, pre-1700 chrisin, pre-1700 chrissin, pre-1700 chrissine, pre-1700 christin, pre-1700 christing, pre-1700 christne, pre-1700 christyn, pre-1700 christyne, pre-1700 crissin, pre-1700 crissting, pre-1700 cristein, pre-1700 cristene, pre-1700 cristin, pre-1700 cristine, pre-1700 cristyn, pre-1700 cristyne, pre-1700 crystin, pre-1700 crystine, pre-1700 crystyn, pre-1700 crystyne.

β. late Middle English kyrsten, late Middle English kyrstyn, 1500s kirsun, 1500s–1600s cursen, 1600s corssen, 1600s kerson, 1700s–1800s kessen (English regional (south-western)), 1800s custin (English regional (Somerset)), 1800s kerstin (English regional (Somerset)); Scottish pre-1700 kirsine, pre-1700 kyrsyn, pre-1700 (1900s– Shetland) kirsin Brit. /ˈkəːsn/, U.S. /ˈkərs(ə)n/, Scottish English /ˈkɪrsn/, 1800s kirsn (Shetland), 1800s kirssen (Shetland), 1800s– kirsen (Shetland), 1900s– kirsten (Shetland).

Also with capital initial. Also (in early use) represented by the abbreviation xp̄en and variants (see note).
Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin christiānus.
Etymology: Ultimately < classical Latin christiānus Christian adj., although some details of the borrowing are uncertain. Similar or shared borrowing is shown by forms in other West Germanic languages: Old Frisian kristen , kristin , kristan , kersten , adjective, kristena , noun (West Frisian kristen ), Old Dutch kristīn , cristin , cristen , adjective and noun (Middle Dutch kersten , kerstijn , kristen , adjective and noun, Dutch christen , noun), Old Saxon kristīn , adjective (Middle Low German kristen , kersten , adjective and noun), Old High German kristani , kristāni , adjective and noun, kristīn , adjective (Middle High German christen , kristen , adjective and noun; German christen , now only preserved in a few formations, e.g. Christentum Christendom n., Christenheit Christenhood n.). The ending in Old English formally resembles the inherited adjectival suffix -en suffix4 and this suffix (or its Germanic base) may have influenced the form of the word in English and other Germanic languages; compare e.g. Old Saxon kristīn . However, there are other possible explanations for the different representations of the classical Latin suffix in the Germanic languages. Now largely superseded by Christian adj. and n.Compare also early parallels in Scandinavian languages: early Scandinavian (runic: Denmark) kristna , (accusative) plural adjective, Old Icelandic kristinn , Old Danish cristnæ , plural adjective (Danish kristen , adjective and noun), Old Swedish kristen , adjective and noun (Swedish kristen ). These were probably borrowed < a West Germanic language, such as Old English or Old Saxon. In sense A. 3 probably partly < the unattested Norn cognate of the Scandinavian words listed above; compare Norwegian (Bokmål) kristen seemly, decent. In Dutch and German the adjectives now in general use are (respectively) christelijk and christlich , which are parallels of Christly adj. Specific forms. A short ĭ is attested for the vowel of the first syllable from at least early Middle English onwards; compare discussion of vowel length at Christ n. and int. In Middle English occasionally influenced by Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French crestien Christian adj., which is ultimately of the same origin. In the early modern period often (like its French parallel) respelt with initial ch- , after classical Latin christiānus Christian adj.; some instances of Christian adj. and n. with reduction of the unstressed vowel cluster -ian are difficult to distinguish from the present word. The β. forms show metathesis and loss of t in the consonant cluster. Use as noun. With use as noun compare classical Latin christiānus Christian n. In earlier Middle English in use as noun showing unmarked plurals such as cristene , cristen ; compare Old English weak nominative plural cristenan , strong nominative plural cristene . Plural forms in -s are first attested in late Middle English. Abbreviations. With abbreviations such as Old English and Middle English xp̄en (and spellings such as early Middle English xpisten ) compare discussion at Christ n. and X n. 10.
A. adj.
†1.
a. Of a person, community, etc.: following or adhering to the religion of Christianity (cf. christenman n.). Of a nation, etc.: predominantly inhabited by followers of Christianity. Obsolete.In later use only in representations of regional or nonstandard English.In quot. eOE in the superlative, with reference to the high degree of conformity with Christian values shown by an Anglo-Saxon king; cf. sense A. 1b.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > sect > Christianity > [adjective]
christeneOE
Christianc1432
evangelic1502
evangelical?1537
Christian-like1540
Christianly?1567
christianable1816
Xtian1845
Christianist1906
society > faith > sect > Christianity > person > [adjective]
christeneOE
Christianc1300
generala1400
catholic1579
Nazaritan1614
discipular1788
Nazarene1819
eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Tanner) ii. xii. 142 Se mon wæs þurh eall se cristenesta [L. Christianissimus] & se gelæredesta..& þær wæs mid þam gerynum Cristes geleafan wel gelæred.
lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough interpolation) anno 656 Leidon þa Godes curs & ealre halgane curs & al Cristene folces þe ani þing undyde þet þær wæs gedon.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 22 For alle cristene saule.
c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Man of Law's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 288 Arryued been this cristen [c1415 Lansd. cresten] folk to londe.
a1500 (?a1400) Firumbras (1935) l. 98 Nowe help oure cristyn knyhtys.
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 381 Exchaunged for christen prisoners.
1617 tr. in Whole Prophecies Scotl. (new ed.) sig. A2 Many selcouth shall bee seene in all Christen landes, In the Moone and the Sea, and signes of the Sun.
1640 R. Brome Sparagus Garden iii. vii By my Cursen soule.
1840 W. M. Thackeray Pict. Rhapsody in Wks. (1911) XXV. 438 As I am a Christen woman, and hope to be married, he's had nothing out of common.
b. Scottish. most christen: (as a title or form of address) designating a monarch of a Christian nation, esp. the monarch of France. Cf. most Christian at Christian adj. 1b. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > society and the community > social class > nobility > title > title or form of address for persons of rank > [adjective] > specific epithets for persons of rank > for royalty or other exalted personages > for kings of France
most Christian1442
most christen1508
1508 W. Dunbar Ballade Barnard Stewart in Poems (1998) I. 177 The..maist excellent and maist crystyn prince Loys, king of France.
1572 in J. Cranstoun Satirical Poems Reformation (1891) I. xxxviii. 258 Thy style was Treschristien, maist Cristen King.
2. Of, relating to, or characteristic of Christianity; conforming to the practices and traditions of Christianity; belonging to a Christian or Christians. Of an action, etc.: consistent with the moral values of Christianity. In later use only in christen name n. at Compounds.
ΚΠ
eOE tr. Orosius Hist. (BL Add.) (1980) vi. xii. 140 Him sealde Iustinus se philosophus ane cristene boc for hiora freondscipe.
OE Laws of Æðelred II (Claud.) vi. xi. 250 We lærað swyþe geornlice, þæt æghwilc Christen man unriht hæmed georne forbuge & Christene lage rihtlice healde.
c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) l. 7196 Here moder..ladde swiðe Cristin lif.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 11 Þe tuelf articles of þe cristene byleue.
a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 1474 To fight al for þe cristen lay.
a1439 J. Lydgate Fall of Princes (Bodl. 263) viii. l. 1568 (MED) He gaf licence..to do shame To Cristene cherchis.
1485 W. Caxton tr. Thystorye & Lyf Charles the Grete sig. aij/1 The cristen feyth is affermed and corrobered.
1553 J. Bale Vocacyon in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) I. 336 That we shulde haue..our Christen doctryne from their unchristen byshoppes.
a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. l. 38583 Malcolme..tuke the Scottis in the feild war slane, To Crissin bereis in the tyme thame buir.
3. Scottish (Shetland). In forms kirsten, kirsen, etc. Of a suitable quality or standard; decent, proper, respectable; fit to eat. Now rare.Also used ironically (as, e.g., in quot. 1922).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > quality of being satisfactory > [adjective]
wellOE
sufferablea1340
worthy1340
sufficient1489
paregala1500
competent1535
something like?1556
right1567
sweet1577
fairish1611
all right1652
fair1656
comfortable1658
decent1711
respectable1750
unrepulsive1787
decentisha1814
fair-to-middling1822
fine1828
christena1838
OK1839
tidy1844
not (or none) so dusty?1856
sweet1898
oke1928
okey-doke1934
okey-dokey1936
tickety-boo1939
cool1951
aight1993
the world > food and drink > food > qualities of food > [adjective] > edible
conceivablec1443
serviceablea1475
comestible1483
eatable1483
consumable1547
receptible1574
meatable1577
consumptible1579
devourable1603
food-fit1608
edible1611
manducable1614
esculent1626
cibarious1656
mandible1656
deglutible1661
eduliousa1682
edule1699
swallowable1818
christena1838
touchable1845
munchable1868
gorgeable1883
noshable1966
a1838 J. Jamieson Etymol. Dict. MSS (Adv. 22.1.12) XII. 125/2 Kirsen, applied to a fish or other animal that may be eaten, or is reckoned fit for being the food of man. Shetl[and].
1861 W. R. Duncan Zetland Directory & Guide (ed. 2) 166 O dwyne yon fashion [for whiskers]! gin hit beezna da vyldest itt dey're faan apun yit. I kenna what hit's leck, bit am shuir hit's no leck naethin kirssen.
1866 T. Edmondston Etymol. Gloss. Shetland & Orkney Dial. 58 Kirssen, applied to a very lean animal; also to unwholesome food; as ‘It's no kirsen’—It's not eatable.
1922 J. Inkster Mansie's Rod 17 Yon deevil's dirt o' marjereen is..a kirsen morsel ta gie onybody for butter.
1949 J. Gray Lowrie 94 We hed to be kind o' kirsin gyaan ta Hillsook.
1979 J. J. Graham Shetland Dict. 43/1 Kirsen, proper, decent; fit to eat or wear. I wiss du wid wap yon joopie awa: hit's no kirsen to be seen.
B. n.
A Christian. In early use also with plural agreement: Christians collectively, or as a group. Now rare.In early use frequently opposed to heathen or pagan.In later use only in representations of regional or nonstandard English.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > sect > Christianity > person > [noun]
christenmaneOE
limbc1000
christenOE
disciplec1325
Christianc1330
member of Christc1384
Nazarenec1384
saintc1384
Nazarite1535
cross-bearera1569
Nasrani1583
Nazaritan1609
Galilean1611
Nasara1792
Xtian1940
OE Ælfric Homily: De Duodecim Abusivis (Corpus Cambr. 178) in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 299 Gif se cristena bið sacfull & gif þearfa bið modig.
lOE Anglo-Saxon Chron. (Laud) (Peterborough contin.) anno 1128 He seide þet fulle feoht was sett betwenen ða Cristene & þa heðene.
?c1225 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Cleo. C.vi) (1972) 27 Þe cristene þet beoð in heaðenesse.
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 182 Þe lemes of anticrist..ssolle werri zuo þe guode cristene.
a1450 St. Katherine (Richardson 44) (1884) 5 Not oonly to cristen but also to paynems.
1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende f. ccccxxv/1 The tirauntes toke the holy corps..and caste hit wythin the ryuer of tybre, to thende that the cristens shold not take it to make of hyt a goddesse.
1530 W. Tyndale Pract. Prelates sig. Bv Tyrantes did oft tymes persecute the christen.
1591 J. Harington tr. L. Ariosto Orlando Furioso xvi. li. 125 On eu'rie side the Christens do preuaile, On eu'rie side the fearfull Pagans fled.
a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) I. l. 5704 Ane nobill christing callit Planctus.
1756 S. Hays in J. T. Kempe MS Court Doc. in Amer. Jewish Hist. (1991) 80 400 He has Candellise [i.e. Scandalized] us amonst the Christens.
1862 R. T. S. Lowell Raft that no Man Made in Atlantic Monthly Mar. 369/2 I was n' a good Christen, an' I could n' help a-thinkun o' home an' she I was troth-plight wi', an' I doubled over myself an' groaned.
1936 Ogden (Utah) Standard-Examiner 16 Sept. 5/3 She is a very good Christen she is a Prodistan and she would not rite to any one that was not a good Christen.

Compounds

† christen court n. Obsolete an ecclesiastical or religious court; a court having jurisdiction over matters of canon law and ecclesiastical affairs; cf. Court Christian n. [After Anglo-Norman court cristiene Court Christian n.]
ΚΠ
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 39 Þe uerste byeþ þe ualse playneres..oþer be cristene cort [c1450 Bk. Vices & Virtues bi court of holi chirche] oþer be leawede cort.
?1435 in C. L. Kingsford Chrons. London (1905) 36 Parties, sewed in the Cristyn Courte In causes and materes that only honged in hooly Chirche Lawe and Jurisdiccion.
a1475 in A. Clark Eng. Reg. Godstow Nunnery (1906) ii. 637 (MED) Maystur william..had drawe þe same Roger in-to plee in cristin courte, in axinge..tithis of hei.
christen name n. now rare a name given to a person at his or her christening or baptism; a personal name, as distinguished from a family name or surname; (also figurative and in extended use) a true name; a name given to something; = Christian name n. at Christian adj. and n. Compounds 3. [In later use perhaps an error for Christian name , possibly partly as a result of folk-etymological association with christen v. 3a.]
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > naming > name or appellation > [noun] > first name > Christian name
christen namec1330
Christian name1542
font-name1652
given name1827
baptismal name1869
baptismal1872
c1330 Otuel (Auch.) (1882) l. 1154 Otuel is my cristine name: Mahun ich habbe for sake.
c1405 (c1380) G. Chaucer Second Nun's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 454 For we bere a cristen name Ye putte on vs a cryme & eek a blame.
1549 H. Latimer 2nd Serm. before Kynges Maiestie (new ed.) 3rd Serm. sig. Gvv, (margin) Brybes..are callyd gentyl rewardes, but that is not theyr chrysten name.
1679 A. Behn Feign'd Curtizans i. ii. 9 My Grandmother wou'd never own me if I should change the cursen name she gave me.
1716 M. Davies Crit. Hist. 99 in Athenæ Britannicæ III The Ancient Roman Women had a Fore-name, or a Christen-Name besides their Sir Name.
1921 Jrnl. Educ. 6 Jan. 9/2 95 per cent. of Welsh [family] names are from christen-names which formerly became patronymics, preceded by an ap or ab, for map, meaning son.
1963 Salt Lake Tribune 15 Dec. (Home Mag.) 19/2 The 275-foot windjammer slid into the waters of Ramsey Bay from the Isle of Man under the christen name of Euterpe.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2020; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

christenv.

Brit. /ˈkrɪsn/, U.S. /ˈkrɪsn/
Forms:

α. Old English cristnian, Old English gecrisnod (past participle, rare), early Middle English crisstnenn ( Ormulum), Middle English cristene, Middle English cristeny (south-west midlands), Middle English cristne, Middle English cristni (southern), Middle English cristnie (southern), Middle English cristny (southern), Middle English cristnye (southern), Middle English criston, Middle English crystene, Middle English cryston, Middle English crystun, Middle English–1500s cristin, Middle English–1500s cristyn, Middle English–1500s crysten, Middle English–1500s crystn- (inflected form), Middle English–1500s crystyn, Middle English–1600s cristen, Middle English–1600s cristn- (inflected form), Middle English– christen, late Middle English crestened (past tense), late Middle English crestyn, 1500s–1600s chrysten, 1500s–1600s chrystn- (inflected form), 1500s–1700s (1800s nonstandard) christn- (inflected form), 1600s christ'n- (inflected form), 1600s crisn- (Scottish, inflected form), 1600s crissen, 1600s cristing (Scottish, present participle, perhaps transmission error), 1800s chrisen (Scottish).

β. late Middle English kyrstyn, 1500s–1600s kersen; English regional 1700s–1800s kesson (north midlands), 1800s chersen, 1800s cirssen, 1800s cursen, 1800s curst'n, 1800s kers'n, 1800s kersen, 1800s kersn- (inflected form), 1800s kersun, 1800s kess’n (northern), 1800s kessen (northern), 1800s kessun (northern), 1800s kestun (northern), 1800s kirsen, 1800s kirsn- (inflected form), 1800s kirsten, 1800s korsen (northern), 1800s kursen, 1800s kursin, 1800s kursten; Scottish 1700s–1800s kirs'n, 1700s– kirsen, 1800s cirssen, 1800s kersen, 1800s kirsn- (inflected form), 1800s– kirsin, 1800s– kirsten, 1900s cirsen, 1900s cursen, 1900s cursn- (inflected form), 1900s kyrsn; also Irish English (northern) 1800s cursen, 1800s kersen.

Origin: Apparently formed within English, by conversion. Etymons: christen adj.; christen n.
Etymology: Apparently < christen adj. or christen n. Compare similarly-formed verbs in other Germanic languages: Old Frisian kristenia , kerstenia , kersnia to baptize (West Frisian kristenje ), and (all in the senses ‘to baptize’ and ‘to make (a person) Christian’) Middle Dutch kerstenen (Dutch kerstenen ), Middle Low German kristenen , kerstenen , Middle High German kristenen , Old Icelandic kristna , Old Swedish kristna (Swedish kristna ), Old Danish kristnæ (Danish kristne ). The distribution of this type of formation among the Germanic languages is perhaps connected with missionary activity in the early Middle Ages, but the precise relationships are unclear. Perhaps compare also Anglo-Norman cristiener , cristener , etc., Anglo-Norman and Old French crestiener to make (a person) Christian, to baptize, although this is not attested until the 12th cent. Compare depe v.0, baptize v.Many regional forms show assimilation of the consonant cluster -st- to -ss- , often with subsequent reduction to -s- , or loss of r , or both. The β. forms show metathesis of r ; compare β. forms at christen adj. and n. With early use in sense 1a with reference to practices preparatory to baptism compare discussion at fullow v. In Old English the prefixed form gecristnian to catechize and anoint in preparation for baptism (compare y- prefix) is also attested.
1.
a. transitive. To convert (a people, a nation, etc.) to Christianity, to make Christian, Christianize; (in early use) spec. to instruct (a person) in Christian doctrine, to catechize and anoint (a person), esp. in preparation for baptism. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > sect > Christianity > conversion to Christianity > convert [verb (transitive)]
christeneOE
christian1534
Christianize1590
gospelize1646
Christify1654
eOE tr. Bede Eccl. Hist. (Tanner) ii. xi. 140 Paulinus se biscop..þær wunode syx & þrittig daga, þæt he þær þæt folc cristnade & fulwade [L. cathecizandi et baptizandi officio deditus].
OE Ælfric Lives of Saints (Julius) (1900) II. 252 Tetradius..gelyfde on urne drihten, and let hine cristnian, and æfter lytlum fyrste he wearð gefullod.
c1300 St. Christopher (Harl.) l. 158 in F. J. Furnivall Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 64 He gan hem so lere Þat er hi come hom to þe kyng, alle icristned hi were.
a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) ii. l. 3474 (MED) The Cite all Was cristned.
a1500 in T. F. Simmons Lay Folks Mass Bk. (1879) 152 Charlys wane All frawnce, And cristende spayne.
a1575 N. Harpsfield Treat. Divorce Henry VIII (1878) (modernized text) 268 This thing chanced not long before we were christened, and is written by our Apostle, S. Gregory.
1614 J. Selden Titles of Honor 29 When the Danish Nation was first Christned.
1644 Bp. J. Taylor Apol. Litvrgie §2 The first example in England since it was first Christened.
1842 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Oct. 531/1 Charlemagne had no hope of establishing peace on his own frontier but by subjecting and christening the Saxons.
1880 R. Owen Sanctorale Catholicum 183 (note) That holy Faith, which overcame the world, and christened it.
1912 Russ. Rev. 1 71 The old capital of St Vladimir who christened Russia.
2015 L. Christoffersen in A. Fornerod Funding Relig. Heritage ii. vi. 89 King Harald Bluetooth who, on two runic stones.., gave himself the honour of having christened the Danes.
b. transitive. To make Christian in form or character; to imbue with Christian principles. Now rare.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > sect > Christianity > [verb (transitive)] > give form of
Christianize1618
christena1716
a1716 R. South 12 Serm. (1717) V. 128 Paganism came to be Christened into a new form and Name, by their setting up their Divi, or Begodded Tutelar Saints.
1825 S. T. Coleridge Aids Refl. 14 The powers of the world are often christened, but seldom christianized.
1883 M. D. Conway Lessons for Day 9 Aug. 220 That we do not speak of Christian steam, and Christian telephones, can only be that these inventions have proceeded from the one institution that refuses to be christened—Science.
1938 Daily Colonist (Victoria, Brit. Columbia) 29 Dec. 4/5 Constantine the Great, to bring his pagan and his Christian subjects into line, ‘Christened’ the pagan ceremony which was prominent in sun-worship.
1952 St. Vladimir's Seminary Q. Fall 14 It was a ‘New Hellenism’, but a Hellenism drastically christened and, as it were, ‘churchified’.
2.
a. transitive. To admit or initiate (a person, esp. a child) into the Christian church by baptism with water; to baptize, administer baptism to.Also in †to christen (a person) from the fiend's power, etc.: to protect (a person) by christening from the devil, an evil, etc.; cf. bless v.1 3 (obsolete).Sometimes overlapping with sense 3a.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > sacrament > baptism > baptize [verb (transitive)] > protect by
to christen (a person) from the fiend's power, etc.?c1500
OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xxi. 351 Ðonne se preost cristnað þæt cild, þonne adræfð he þone deofol of þam cilde, for þan ðe ælc hæþen man bið deofles, ac þurh ðæt halige fulluht he bið Godes.
c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 13257 Þatt menn hemm. O cristess name crisstneþþ.
c1405 (c1380) G. Chaucer Second Nun's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 217 Vrban hym cristned right there.
?c1500 Mary Magdalene (Digby) l. 1684 He xall crestyn yow from þe fynddes power.
1556 in J. G. Nichols Chron. Grey Friars (1852) 75 The mydwyffe kersende them at home and was alowyd by the churche.
1614 T. Adams Diuells Banket iii. 127 They were Christened when they were Babes, and could not helpe it.
1711 J. Swift Lett. (1767) III. 207 The dean of Rochester christened the child. The child roared like a bull, and I gave Mrs. Masham joy of it.
1780 H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Painting (ed. 2) IV. App. sig. Qq1v Orator Henley christening a child.
1837 R. Nicoll Poems (1843) 92 When some o' her kimmers hae kirsened a wean.
1879 ‘H. Stretton’ Through Needle's Eye I. 86 To..christen the infants, and bury the dead.
1938 ‘R. Hernekin Baptist’ Love at Mission x. 157 Nursing 'em when they're sick and christening the babies.
2019 Express (Nexis) 6 Feb. 25 A baby boy has become the latest in seven generations of a family to be christened in the same Victorian gown.
†b. transitive. To baptize or initiate (a person) into the Christian church by spiritual agency, martyrdom, etc. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > sacrament > baptism > baptize [verb (transitive)]
fulloweOE
ChristeOE
dipc975
fulghtOE
fulghtenlOE
baptize1297
washa1300
christen1340
underfo1362
superfuse1657
1340 Ayenbite (1866) 107 Be huam we ssolle by..ynewed and eft ycristned ine þe bloode of Iesu crist be deuocioun of ueste loue.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. iii. 11 He shal baptise, or cristen, ȝow in the Holy Goost and fijr.
c1400 Lyfe of Soule (Laud) (1978) 9 What schal Cristes passioun or þe schedyng of his blood, in þe whyche blood þou art icristened..stonde þe to profiȝt?
1546 T. Langley tr. P. Vergil Abridgem. Notable Worke iv. ii. 85 a There be thre maner of Baptismes..One in water..another in the Holy gost & fyre wherof Christ was institutoure, the third in his blod wherin the Children that Herod slewe were Christened.
1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Acts i. f. 4 He shall chrysten you with the holy ghoste.
1862 Evangelical Christendom Jan. 37/1 It is a notion inherited from Popery, if any one imagines that the Holy Spirit does not commence christening a child until the priest has baptized it with water.
c. intransitive. To administer baptism to a person.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > worship > sacrament > baptism > baptize [verb (intransitive)]
christenc1350
baptizec1400
c1350 (a1333) William of Shoreham Poems (1902) 8 Water is kendeliche cheld,..Þer-fore me mey cristni þer-inne.
a1425 J. Wyclif Sel. Eng. Wks. (1871) II. 141 Crist telliþ here þe fourme to cristen.
1546 in W. Page Certificates Chantries County of York (1895) II. 228 The sayd incumbent shuld..burye, wedde, and christen wythin the sayd chappell.
1686 Bp. G. Burnet Some Lett. conc. Switzerland ii. 85 They Christen discovering the whole head.
1820 W. Scott Abbot I. viii. 164 He could marry, christen, and administer the other sacraments.
1957 Harper's Mag. July 16/1 She is an ordained minister entitled to preach, christen, marry, and bury.
1996 Sunday Mirror (Nexis) 4 Aug. I [sc. the captain] can christen and bury while at sea, but not marry. That was just something dreamed up by Hollywood.
3.
a. transitive. To give a name to (a child) at baptism. Frequently in passive: to receive a name at baptism. Usually with the name as complement.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > naming > give a name to [verb (transitive)]
nemneOE
nemela1325
namec1384
to lay a name ona1400
christena1470
nominate1545
baptizec1550
denominate1552
dename?1567
enterm1599
epithet1650
designate1676
nomenclate1801
godfather1879
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) I. 391 My modir..commaunded..that whan I was crystened they sholde crystyn me Trystrames.
a1500 (?c1450) Merlin i. 15 It was cristened Merlyn.
a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) iii. ii. 262 Iaq. I do not like her name. Orl. There was no thought of pleasing you when she was christen'd . View more context for this quotation
1751 T. Smollett Peregrine Pickle I. vi. 431 The child..was christened by the name of Peregrine.
1837 R. Southey in Knickerbocker Feb. 114 Oh that was a joy for Queen Mary's heart, The babe is christened James!
1876 T. Hardy Hand of Ethelberta I. i. 1 She..began life as a baby christened Ethelberta.
1970 D. Lilly Those Fabulous Greeks ii. xvi. 199 The baby was a girl, and they christened her Maria.
2019 Daily Star (Nexis) 6 Feb. (National ed.) 23 He was christened James Paul but his family used his middle name to avoid confusion with his dad Jim.
†b. transitive. To be a godparent or sponsor to (a child) at baptism; to give a name to (a child) as godparent or sponsor. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > naming > give a name to [verb (transitive)] > as sponsor
christenc1500
c1500 Three Kings' Sons (1895) 187 The kynge of Englond and the kynge of Scottes cristened him and eche of them put othir to such worship, that they wold not gyue the Turke their owne name.
1515 in J. T. Fowler Memorials Church SS. Peter & Wilfrid, Ripon (1882) I. 332 I will that every child that I cristyned have vjd.
1667 S. Pepys Diary 28 Aug. (1974) VIII. 405 I..christened the child, a girl, Elizabeth; which though a girl, my Lady Batten would have me to give the name.
a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1649 (1955) II. 567 I christned Sir Hugh Rilies child (with Sir Geo: Ratcliffe)..the Parents being so poore, that they had provided no Gosships.
1712 E. Freke Diary 21 Apr. in Jrnl. Cork Hist. & Archaeol. Soc. (1913) 19 47 Mr. Langly wrott to me to Christen..his Daughter.
4. transitive. figurative and in extended use: to give a name, nickname, epithet, or title to (a person or thing); to call by the name of. Frequently with the name, nickname, etc., as complement.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > naming > give a name to [verb (transitive)] > call or give as name to
nemneOE
clepec1000
hightOE
sayOE
nameOE
yclepec1175
callc1300
nevena1400
deemc1400
christena1470
nominate1545
term1545
titulea1550
behight1579
benamea1586
inquire1590
nuncupate1609
indigitate1623
font1652
vocitate1653
express1659
appellate1768
nomenclature1824
a1470 T. Malory Morte Darthur (Winch. Coll. 13) (1990) I. 162 They com into a grete foreste that was named the contrey and foreste of Arroy... ‘In this contrey,’ seyde Marhaus, ‘cam nevir knyght syn hit was crystynde but he founde strange adventures’.
1526 C. Mery Talys f. xij Though it were euyl to be cristynyd a fole yet it was moche worse to be confyrmyd a fole of suche a byshop for the name of confyrmacyon must nedes a byde.
1642 Bp. J. Taylor Of Sacred Order Episcopacy xxiii The Disciples of the Glorious Nazarene were Christ'ned first in Antioch, for they had their baptisme some yeares before they had their Name.
1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) i. §18 We christen effects by their most sensible..causes. View more context for this quotation
1715 M. Davies Εἰκων Μικρο-βιβλικὴ 109 He reckons but one, and she a Nun, viz. Anne (as he Christens her).
1735 J. Swift Misc. Prose & Verse V. 74 Chambermaids christen this Worm a Death-Watch.
1817 J. G. Lockhart in Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. Oct. 38 If I may be permitted to have the honour of christening it, it may henceforth be referred to by the designation of The Cockney School [of Poetry].
1887 Athenæum 31 Dec. 898/1 The United States authorities have recently christened a river in Alaska..after Mr. Frederick Whymper.
1933 Science 24 Feb. (Suppl.) 5 ‘Positron’ is the name with which the newly discovered positive electron will be christened by its discoverer.
1957 N.Y. Times Mag. 17 Nov. 55/1 A channel tunnel?.. My newspaper christened the project ‘The Chunnel’.
2015 B. Stanley Yeah! Yeah! Yeah! (U.S. ed.) xlviii. 427 A bunch of pub acts who would soon be christened the New Wave of British Heavy Metal.
5. transitive. To name and dedicate (esp. a bell or ship) in a ceremony analogous to baptism.The ceremony may involve washing with holy water (in the case of bells), or breaking a bottle of wine across the bow (in the case of ships).
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > naming > give a name to [verb (transitive)] > to a bell
christen1528
the world > existence and causation > causation > initiating or causing to begin > initiate [verb (transitive)] > inaugurate > name or dedicate
christen1528
dedicate1892
1528 [implied in: W. Tyndale Obed. Christen Man f. cvv The Bisshopes..reserved vnto them selves the christeninge of belles. (at christening n. 3)].
1533 J. Frith Bk. answeringe Mores Let. sig. Kvi If you beleue that you oughte to preache to fyshes and goe chrysten them an other whyle, as ye do belles.
1548 E. Gest Treat. againste Masse sig. Eviv Can the baptisme water be justly recompted a sacrament when it is transposed to other usages..namely..to christen belles.
1704 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion III. xvi. 600 That his Majesty might..new Christen those Ships which too much preserv'd the memory..of the Republick.
1727 A. Hamilton New Acct. E. Indies I. xxi. 247 Bells..being all christned, and dedicated to some Saint..have a specifick Power to drive away all manner of evil Spirits, except Poverty in the Laity, and Pride in the Clergy.
1888 Glasgow Herald 10 Sept. 10/6 The four-masted steel sailing ship Cape Horn..was successfully launched, and christened by Madame Voisin.
1977 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald Jrnl. 24 Mar. 33/1 She'll christen the Cunard liner The Princess in a cascade of champagne.
2006 M. Isikoff & D. Corn Hubris (2007) xiv. 276 Reagan broke a bottle of sparkling wine to christen the ship.
6.
a. transitive. figurative and in extended use, esp. with reference to the action of performing a rite of initiation, welcome, celebration, etc., or the action of sprinkling or dousing a person or thing with liquid, in a manner likened to baptism. Frequently humorous.
ΚΠ
1593 R. S. Phœnix Nest 67 My first borne loue vnhappily conceiued, brought foorth in paine, & christened with a curse.
1594 W. Shakespeare Titus Andronicus iv. ii. 70 Here is the babe..The Empresse sends it thee..And bids thee christen it with thy daggers point. View more context for this quotation
1679 J. Dryden Troilus & Cressida Prol. sig. b4 Where are the Successours to my name? What bring they to fill out a Poets fame? Weak short-liv'd issues of a feeble Age; Scarce living to be Christen'd on the Stage!
1786 R. Burns Poems 201 We 'se..kirs'n him wi' reekin water.
1824 W. Scott Redgauntlet I. xiii. 315 We'll christen him with the brewer, (here he added a little small beer to his beverage).
1871 Standard 11 May 7/3 He determined that if they annoyed him again he would christen them with ‘Simpson’ [i.e. watered-down milk]. On this occasion he called upon his customer at the Union Arms, and the milk was thrown.
1904 Inland Architect & News Rec. June 32/1 The San Francisco Architectural Club held a house warming and reception..to christen its new rooms.
1986 Toronto Star (Nexis) 4 May c8 Be aware that your cat and dog will be attracted to it [sc. pure wool fabric] and may decide to christen it for you.
2001 I. Rankin Resurrection Men xviii. 253 People round here see a cop car, they're likely to christen it with a half-brick.
†b. transitive. Criminals' slang. To change any identifying marks or engravings on (a stolen watch), esp. in to christen a yack (see yack n.1). Also intransitive. Obsolete.
ΚΠ
1753 Discov. J. Poulter (ed. 2) 20 He wanted me to change Watches with him, the Gold one for a Silver one, which he said was..sent him down as a Present by a Family Man [i.e. a thief], but that it was christen'd before it came, that is, the Name and Number taken out, and others put in.
1819 J. H. Vaux New Vocab. Flash Lang. in Memoirs II. 162 Obliterating the name and number on..a stolen watch; or the crest, cipher, etc., on articles of plate, and getting others engraved, so as to prevent their being identified, is termed having them bishop'd, or christen'd.
1859 J. F. Archbold Snowden's Magistrate's Assistant (ed. 4) App. 498 I have seen the swag Chovey Bloak, who christened the Yacks quick.
1868 J. Doran Saints & Sinners II. 290 The pietist thieves..‘christen’ daily as soon as they have stolen a watch. This thieves' christening consists in erasing the maker's name and supplying another.
1904 Sun (N.Y.) 10 July iii. 3/4 We must get a thimble fakir to christen and church the red jacks.
7. transitive. To use (something) for the first time.
ΚΠ
1873 R. R. Springer Beechwood 104 The ponies and sleigh were brought to the door, and, well defended from the cold by warm wraps and hoods (I christened my new one),..we started.
1987 Advertiser (Brisbane) (Nexis) 20 May Our class was taken to Outer Harbor to see a British sub... I had just been given an autograph book for my birthday and..I thought this was the day to christen it.
2017 @LittleValleyAle 29 Dec. in twitter.com (accessed 16 Jan. 2019) Christen the walking boots or wellies you received at Christmas with a winter stroll that ends at your local.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2020; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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adj.n.eOEv.eOE
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