afforcementn.

Brit.

/əˈfɔːsm(ə)nt/, U.S.

/əˈfɔrsm(ə)nt/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; perhaps modelled on a Latin lexical item. Etymons: afforce v., -ment suffix.

Etymology: < afforce v. + -ment suffix, perhaps after afforciament n. or its etymon post-classical Latin afforciamentum. Compare Anglo-Norman afforcement reinforcement (late 13th cent. or earlier), (in law) increase in numbers of people at court (early 14th cent. or earlier), fortification (late 14th cent. or earlier). Compare also earlier forcement n.

†1. = afforciament n. 1. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > fort or fortified town > [noun]

chestera855

boroughc893

fastnessOE

strength?c1225

warnestore1297

fortress13..

holdc1330

strongholdc1384

motec1390

fortalicec1425

garnisonc1430

garrisonc1430

town of war1441

wall-town1488

strengh1489

afforciament1509

piece1525

forcea1552

citadel1567

fort1569

place1575

holt1600

alcazar1623

fasthold1623

afforcement1642

castle-town1646

post1648

garrison-town1649

bridlea1661

palank1685

place of arms1704

ostrog1761

qila1761

presidio1763

gurry1786

thana1803

pa1823

castrum1836

lis1845

Gibraltar1856

training post1867

kasbah1902

jong1904

1642 J. Selden Priviledges Baronage i. iv. 27 With twentie men of Armes, and twenty Archers you were sent to the said Towne and Castle of Ardee in the Afforcement thereof.

2. Chiefly English Law. Reinforcement of a deliberative body; esp. (in the Middle Ages) the addition of members to a jury when the original jurors cannot agree a majority verdict. Also: a new member of a body added in this way. Cf. afforce v. 4. historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > [noun] > enrolment of jury > increasing number of jury

afforciament1738

afforcement1783

afforcing1845

1783 J. Reeves Hist. Eng. Law I. v. 242 Should the jurors, or those who were added by afforcement, still be unable to declare plainly and fully what their meaning was, [etc.].

1848 H. Hallam Suppl. Notes View Europe Middle Ages 255 This afforcement, it appears, could only be made with the consent of the parties.

1874 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. I. xiii. 619 The jurors summoned were allowed to add to their number persons who possessed the requisite knowledge, under the title of afforcement.

1916 Proc. Mass. Hist. Soc. Apr. 315 Afforcement of the jury was exceptional, as one may readily see by looking into the records of the time [sc. the 12th cent.].

1942 M. M. Knappen Constit. & Legal Hist. Eng. ix. 201 A special commission, which commonly included the original judges (barons) with afforcements from other royal officials.

2002 Sc. Hist. Rev. 81 174 The afforcement of panels of justices by men ‘learned in the law’.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	afforcement
释义	afforcementn. Brit. /əˈfɔːsm(ə)nt/, U.S. /əˈfɔrsm(ə)nt/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; perhaps modelled on a Latin lexical item. Etymons: afforce v., -ment suffix. Etymology: < afforce v. + -ment suffix, perhaps after afforciament n. or its etymon post-classical Latin afforciamentum. Compare Anglo-Norman afforcement reinforcement (late 13th cent. or earlier), (in law) increase in numbers of people at court (early 14th cent. or earlier), fortification (late 14th cent. or earlier). Compare also earlier forcement n. †1. = afforciament n. 1. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > defence > defensive work(s) > fort or fortified town > [noun] chestera855 boroughc893 fastnessOE strength?c1225 warnestore1297 fortress13.. holdc1330 strongholdc1384 motec1390 fortalicec1425 garnisonc1430 garrisonc1430 town of war1441 wall-town1488 strengh1489 afforciament1509 piece1525 forcea1552 citadel1567 fort1569 place1575 holt1600 alcazar1623 fasthold1623 afforcement1642 castle-town1646 post1648 garrison-town1649 bridlea1661 palank1685 place of arms1704 ostrog1761 qila1761 presidio1763 gurry1786 thana1803 pa1823 castrum1836 lis1845 Gibraltar1856 training post1867 kasbah1902 jong1904 1642 J. Selden Priviledges Baronage i. iv. 27 With twentie men of Armes, and twenty Archers you were sent to the said Towne and Castle of Ardee in the Afforcement thereof. 2. Chiefly English Law. Reinforcement of a deliberative body; esp. (in the Middle Ages) the addition of members to a jury when the original jurors cannot agree a majority verdict. Also: a new member of a body added in this way. Cf. afforce v. 4. historical. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > [noun] > enrolment of jury > increasing number of jury afforciament1738 afforcement1783 afforcing1845 1783 J. Reeves Hist. Eng. Law I. v. 242 Should the jurors, or those who were added by afforcement, still be unable to declare plainly and fully what their meaning was, [etc.]. 1848 H. Hallam Suppl. Notes View Europe Middle Ages 255 This afforcement, it appears, could only be made with the consent of the parties. 1874 W. Stubbs Constit. Hist. I. xiii. 619 The jurors summoned were allowed to add to their number persons who possessed the requisite knowledge, under the title of afforcement. 1916 Proc. Mass. Hist. Soc. Apr. 315 Afforcement of the jury was exceptional, as one may readily see by looking into the records of the time [sc. the 12th cent.]. 1942 M. M. Knappen Constit. & Legal Hist. Eng. ix. 201 A special commission, which commonly included the original judges (barons) with afforcements from other royal officials. 2002 Sc. Hist. Rev. 81 174 The afforcement of panels of justices by men ‘learned in the law’. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2012; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.1642
随便看	roo shooter roo steak roocoocoo roocoocooing rood rood altar rood arch rood breadth rood celure rood cloth rood day rood even rood fair rood goose rood land rood light rood loft rood mass rood priest rood screen rood sollar rood stair rood steeple rood stone rood-beam