afterwardsadv.n.

Brit.

/ˈɑːftəwədz/,

/ˈaftəwədz/, U.S.

/ˈæftərwərdz/

Forms: Middle English efterwardes, Middle English–1700s afterwardes, 1500s– afterwards, 1600s afterwaads; also Scottish pre-1700 efterwartis, pre-1700 efterwartts.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: after adv., -wards suffix.

Etymology: < after adv. + -wards suffix. Compare earlier afterward adv. Compare Middle Dutch achterwaerts, achterwerts, adverb (with reference to place and time; Dutch achterwaarts), Old High German afterwartes, adverb (with reference to place; early modern German achterwärts).

A. adv.

At a later or future time; later in time; subsequently. Cf. afterward adv. 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > [adverb] > after, afterwards, or later

sitheneOE

aftereOE

sithOE

eftOE

latterOE

aftOE

sithencea1170

sithrec1175

thereup?c1225

baftc1275

furtherc1290

eftsoon1297

therewithala1300

afterwardc1300

afterwardsc1300

soc1300

therewithc1369

eftersoonsa1400

suingly?a1425

at after1425

followingly?c1425

afterhand1438

syne1489

by posteriority1523

in sequel1524

still1526

later1527

subsequently1537

senthis?1553

lately1565

subsequent1568

behindc1600

sequelarly1600

posterior1628

in prosecutiona1641

subsequentiallya1683

artera1746

posteriorly1799

ulteriorly1818

later on1829

c1300 St. Brendan (Harl.) l. 225 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 225 (MED) Þe foweles sunge ek here matyns..& vnderne siþþe, & middai & afterwardes non.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 283 Þe Romayns chees hym afterwardes.

1423–4 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Oct. 1423 §9. m. 1a The said erle..resceyvede (hym afterwardes to his service and recepte).

1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) i. 588 Off hys etlyng rycht swa It fell, As I sall efterwartis tell.

1535 W. Marshall tr. Marsilius of Padua Def. of Peace vi. f. 17^v Flesshely luste, in whiche also and with whiche euery man afterwardes hath ben conceyued & borne.

1563 J. Shute First Groundes Archit. sig. Bi^v Afterwardes vsing then the measures of the forsayde Pillours.

1611 Bible (King James) John xiii. 36 Thou canst not follow me now; but thou shalt follow me afterwards .

a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) ii. i. 164 Like Wrath in death, and Enuy afterwards .

1658 W. Sanderson Compl. Hist. Life King Charles 193 The Lord Nappier, (a worthy states man, Grandchilde to the afterwards renowned Matcheston).

1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 135 At the Spaniards request afterwards, [I] made them up six.

1756 E. Burke Vindic. Nat. Society 18 The War was brought home to them, first by Agesilaus, and afterwards, by Alexander.

1806 J. Beresford Miseries Human Life I. ii. 36 Your horse will afterwards keep you dancing for an hour.

1842 J. H. Newman Church of Fathers (ed. 2) 385 In the afterwards metropolitan city of Canterbury.

1864 Q. Rev. July 31 These rows of loops are afterwards cut through by an instrument now called a ‘trevat’.

1900 Nature 5 Apr. 537/2 Long experience..often enables the plantsman to make conjectures which afterwards prove to be correct.

1970 San Francisco Examiner & Chron. 5 Apr. (Datebook section) 18 The New York bombers identified themselves afterwards as ‘revolutionary force 9’.

2008 Independent 5 Feb. 30/4 Young checked into rehab shortly afterwards.

B. n.

A time which comes later; a future time; spec. the afterlife. Also in early use: †a later or secondary action (obsolete. rare). Cf. afterward n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > [noun]

to-comec1350

the futurec1400

hereafter1546

tocoming1556

aftertime1557

after age1560

after hours1599

futuritya1616

afterwards1669

to-be1819

coming1833

by and by1868

hence1904

1669 J. Bunyan Holy Citie 119 After he had measured the City, the Vessels, with the Instruments of Worship..he comes again with an afterwards, to measure the City her Portions and Mansions.

1837 Evangelical Mag. (Utica, N.Y.) 3 Nov. 346/1 The expression, ‘those that after should live ungodly’, proves that there was an afterwards to their punishment, and that, accordingly, it could not be endless.

1863 R. Jamieson et al. Comm. Old & New Test. (1871) II. 477/2 As in the believer's case, so in the unbelievers, there is an ‘afterwards’ coming.

1901 ‘Linesman’ Words by Eyewitness (1902) 343 The little spark must keep the great cold world warm until the Afterwards.

a1930 D. H. Lawrence Last Poems (1932) 288 About the afterwards As a matter of fact, we know nothing.

1997 J. Noon Nymphomation (1998) 149 Why had he fumbled so, with the protection and the act and the afterwards?

2003 J. Kogawa Rain Ascends xviii. 192 To each story there is an after-story, and to every life an afterwards.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	afterwards
释义	afterwardsadv.n. Brit. /ˈɑːftəwədz/, /ˈaftəwədz/, U.S. /ˈæftərwərdz/ Forms: Middle English efterwardes, Middle English–1700s afterwardes, 1500s– afterwards, 1600s afterwaads; also Scottish pre-1700 efterwartis, pre-1700 efterwartts. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: after adv., -wards suffix. Etymology: < after adv. + -wards suffix. Compare earlier afterward adv. Compare Middle Dutch achterwaerts, achterwerts, adverb (with reference to place and time; Dutch achterwaarts), Old High German afterwartes, adverb (with reference to place; early modern German achterwärts). A. adv. At a later or future time; later in time; subsequently. Cf. afterward adv. 2. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > [adverb] > after, afterwards, or later sitheneOE aftereOE sithOE eftOE latterOE aftOE sithencea1170 sithrec1175 thereup?c1225 baftc1275 furtherc1290 eftsoon1297 therewithala1300 afterwardc1300 afterwardsc1300 soc1300 therewithc1369 eftersoonsa1400 suingly?a1425 at after1425 followingly?c1425 afterhand1438 syne1489 by posteriority1523 in sequel1524 still1526 later1527 subsequently1537 senthis?1553 lately1565 subsequent1568 behindc1600 sequelarly1600 posterior1628 in prosecutiona1641 subsequentiallya1683 artera1746 posteriorly1799 ulteriorly1818 later on1829 c1300 St. Brendan (Harl.) l. 225 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 225 (MED) Þe foweles sunge ek here matyns..& vnderne siþþe, & middai & afterwardes non. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1865) I. 283 Þe Romayns chees hym afterwardes. 1423–4 Rolls of Parl.: Henry VI (Electronic ed.) Parl. Oct. 1423 §9. m. 1a The said erle..resceyvede (hym afterwardes to his service and recepte). 1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) i. 588 Off hys etlyng rycht swa It fell, As I sall efterwartis tell. 1535 W. Marshall tr. Marsilius of Padua Def. of Peace vi. f. 17^v Flesshely luste, in whiche also and with whiche euery man afterwardes hath ben conceyued & borne. 1563 J. Shute First Groundes Archit. sig. Bi^v Afterwardes vsing then the measures of the forsayde Pillours. 1611 Bible (King James) John xiii. 36 Thou canst not follow me now; but thou shalt follow me afterwards . View more context for this quotation a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) ii. i. 164 Like Wrath in death, and Enuy afterwards . View more context for this quotation 1658 W. Sanderson Compl. Hist. Life King Charles 193 The Lord Nappier, (a worthy states man, Grandchilde to the afterwards renowned Matcheston). 1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 135 At the Spaniards request afterwards, [I] made them up six. 1756 E. Burke Vindic. Nat. Society 18 The War was brought home to them, first by Agesilaus, and afterwards, by Alexander. 1806 J. Beresford Miseries Human Life I. ii. 36 Your horse will afterwards keep you dancing for an hour. 1842 J. H. Newman Church of Fathers (ed. 2) 385 In the afterwards metropolitan city of Canterbury. 1864 Q. Rev. July 31 These rows of loops are afterwards cut through by an instrument now called a ‘trevat’. 1900 Nature 5 Apr. 537/2 Long experience..often enables the plantsman to make conjectures which afterwards prove to be correct. 1970 San Francisco Examiner & Chron. 5 Apr. (Datebook section) 18 The New York bombers identified themselves afterwards as ‘revolutionary force 9’. 2008 Independent 5 Feb. 30/4 Young checked into rehab shortly afterwards. B. n. A time which comes later; a future time; spec. the afterlife. Also in early use: †a later or secondary action (obsolete. rare). Cf. afterward n. ΘΚΠ the world > time > relative time > the future or time to come > [noun] to-comec1350 the futurec1400 hereafter1546 tocoming1556 aftertime1557 after age1560 after hours1599 futuritya1616 afterwards1669 to-be1819 coming1833 by and by1868 hence1904 1669 J. Bunyan Holy Citie 119 After he had measured the City, the Vessels, with the Instruments of Worship..he comes again with an afterwards, to measure the City her Portions and Mansions. 1837 Evangelical Mag. (Utica, N.Y.) 3 Nov. 346/1 The expression, ‘those that after should live ungodly’, proves that there was an afterwards to their punishment, and that, accordingly, it could not be endless. 1863 R. Jamieson et al. Comm. Old & New Test. (1871) II. 477/2 As in the believer's case, so in the unbelievers, there is an ‘afterwards’ coming. 1901 ‘Linesman’ Words by Eyewitness (1902) 343 The little spark must keep the great cold world warm until the Afterwards. a1930 D. H. Lawrence Last Poems (1932) 288 About the afterwards As a matter of fact, we know nothing. 1997 J. Noon Nymphomation (1998) 149 Why had he fumbled so, with the protection and the act and the afterwards? 2003 J. Kogawa Rain Ascends xviii. 192 To each story there is an after-story, and to every life an afterwards. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2011; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adv.n.c1300
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