chernozemn.

/ˈtʃəːnəʊzɛm/

/tʃəːnəʊˈzjɒm/

Forms: Also chernosem, tchern-, tchorn-, tschern-.

Etymology: < Russian chernozëm black earth, < chërnȳĭ black + zemlyá earth, soil.

Geology.

A type of soil rich in humus, characteristic of natural grassland in cool to temperate semi-arid climates, as in central and southern Russia, central Canada, etc. Cf. black earth n. at Compounds 1e(a), black soil n. at black adj. and n. Compounds 1e(a).

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > kind of earth or soil > [noun] > organic soil > humus > chernozem

black soil1700

black earth1799

chernozem1842

1842 Proc. Geol. Soc. 3 712 (title) On the Tchornoi Zem, or Black Earth of Central Russia.

1859 D. Page Handbk. Geol. Terms 346 Tchornozem, a local name for the black earth of the south of Russia, which covers the whole of the Aralo-Caspian plain.

1863 J. von Liebig Nat. Laws Husb. v. 221 The extensive tract of land in Russia, known as the Tschernosem or ‘Black soil’, whose fertility for corn plants is proverbial.

1914 G. A. J. Cole Growth of Europe xi. 207 The Black Earth district of central Russia, where the famous tchernozem soil prevails.

1934 Discovery July 201/1 Chernozems (Black Soils). These are always associated with a grass steppe vegetation, never with forest.

1965 A. Holmes Princ. Physical Geol. (rev. ed.) xiv. 406 The upper layer of the soil profile is black, becoming brown in depth where there is less humus. For this reason the soil type is called chernosem.

Draft additions 1997

chernoˈzemic adj. constituting or characteristic of a chernozem.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > kind of earth or soil > [adjective] > organic > humus

humic1844

humous1866

humified1906

chernozemic1965

1965 B. T. Bunting Geogr. Soil xiii. 157 Invasions of populus on to chernozemic soils in Canada have caused degradation to gray wooded soils.

1972 J. G. Cruickshank Soil Geogr. v. 158 In Glinka's later work..he recognised five major pedogenic processes (lateritic, podsolic, chernozemic, solonetzic, and swampy) on which he based his soil classification.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

单词	chernozem
释义	chernozemn. /ˈtʃəːnəʊzɛm//tʃəːnəʊˈzjɒm/ Forms: Also chernosem, tchern-, tchorn-, tschern-. Etymology: < Russian chernozëm black earth, < chërnȳĭ black + zemlyá earth, soil. Geology. A type of soil rich in humus, characteristic of natural grassland in cool to temperate semi-arid climates, as in central and southern Russia, central Canada, etc. Cf. black earth n. at Compounds 1e(a), black soil n. at black adj. and n. Compounds 1e(a). ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > kind of earth or soil > [noun] > organic soil > humus > chernozem black soil1700 black earth1799 chernozem1842 1842 Proc. Geol. Soc. 3 712 (title) On the Tchornoi Zem, or Black Earth of Central Russia. 1859 D. Page Handbk. Geol. Terms 346 Tchornozem, a local name for the black earth of the south of Russia, which covers the whole of the Aralo-Caspian plain. 1863 J. von Liebig Nat. Laws Husb. v. 221 The extensive tract of land in Russia, known as the Tschernosem or ‘Black soil’, whose fertility for corn plants is proverbial. 1914 G. A. J. Cole Growth of Europe xi. 207 The Black Earth district of central Russia, where the famous tchernozem soil prevails. 1934 Discovery July 201/1 Chernozems (Black Soils). These are always associated with a grass steppe vegetation, never with forest. 1965 A. Holmes Princ. Physical Geol. (rev. ed.) xiv. 406 The upper layer of the soil profile is black, becoming brown in depth where there is less humus. For this reason the soil type is called chernosem. Draft additions 1997 chernoˈzemic adj. constituting or characteristic of a chernozem. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > structure of the earth > constituent materials > earth or soil > kind of earth or soil > [adjective] > organic > humus humic1844 humous1866 humified1906 chernozemic1965 1965 B. T. Bunting Geogr. Soil xiii. 157 Invasions of populus on to chernozemic soils in Canada have caused degradation to gray wooded soils. 1972 J. G. Cruickshank Soil Geogr. v. 158 In Glinka's later work..he recognised five major pedogenic processes (lateritic, podsolic, chernozemic, solonetzic, and swampy) on which he based his soil classification. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < n.1842
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