choirquiren.

/kwʌɪə/

Forms: α. Middle English quer, Middle English–1500s quere, Middle English queor, queyr, Middle English–1500s queer, Middle English qwer, kere, Middle English–1500s qwere, qweer, 1500s queare, northern qwhere, where; 1500s–1600s queere. β. Middle English–1500s quyre, queyere, 1500s quiere, quyer, wheire, 1500s–1600s quiere, 1500s– quire. γ. 1600s– choir, (1700s choire).

Etymology: Middle English quer , quere , < Old French cuer choir of a church (modern French chœur ) < Latin chorus company of dancers, dance; company, band; (in medieval Latin) body of singers in church, place for singers in church; < Greek χορός dance, company of dancers or singers: compare chorus n. The change from Middle English quēre, to quyer, quire, goes exactly with that of brere and frere to brier, friar. The spoken word is still quire, though since the close of the 17th cent. this has been fictitiously spelt choir, apparently as a partial assimilation to Greek-Latin chorus, or French chœur. The spelling quire has never been altered in the English Prayer-book. Some people affect to pronounce choir/kɔɪə(r)/.

1. The organized body of singers in cathedral or church service.

†a. The clergy of a cathedral or collegiate church engaged in performing the church service: formerly more or less coextensive with chapter n. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > council > chapter > [noun]

capitleOE

chapitle1297

choirc1300

chapter1491

close1570

cabildo1924

c1300 St. Brendan (Harl.) (1844) 14 Tuelf other freres of the queor.

c1305 Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 82 Alle þe Canouns of þe queor.

1556 in J. G. Nichols Chron. Grey Friars 75 The qweer of Powlles had a commandment from the dene.

c1600 Wriothesley's Chron. Eng. (1875) I. 12 The Bishop of London, with all Powles quier, receaued him.

b. The band of singers who perform or lead the musical part of the service in a church or chapel.A cathedral choir consists of the vicars choral or minor canons, lay-clerks, and choristers. This body is divided into two sets of voices sitting in the south and north sides of the chancel, called respectively decani and cantoris (i.e. dean's and precentor's side) who sing antiphonally. (But in some cases the positions are reversed.)

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > laity > lay functionaries > chorister > [noun] > group of

chapel1420

choir?c1430

chore1641

society > leisure > the arts > music > musician > singer > company of singers > [noun] > church choir

schoolOE

choir?c1430

church choir1792

?c1430 (c1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 192 Whanne þer ben fourty or fyfty in a queer, þre or foure..lorellis schullen knacke þe most deuout seruyce..& alle oþere schullen be doumbe.

1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique 76 b The Chaunter..made the whole quier, that then was redy for syngyng, to fall streight a laughyng.

1597 T. Morley Plaine & Easie Introd. Musicke 156 To haue plaide it on the organes with a quier of singing men.

1645 J. Milton Il Penseroso in Poems 43 Let the pealing Organ blow, To the full voic'd Quire below.

1795 W. Mason Ess. Eng. Church Music iii. 207 Singing Men, much less singing Women, as a separate Choir made no part in the..orders, which St. Peter and St. Paul had..appointed.

1823 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto XIII lxii. 86 The silenced quire.

1869 F. A. G. Ouseley Treat. Counterpoint xiv. 91 In writing for two choirs, it is always desirable to make the harmony of each choir complete.

1880 G. Grove Dict. Music (at cited word) ‘Choir’ is..used for the singers in churches of all kinds; and for the portions into which a chorus is divided when the composition is written for two, three, or any other number of ‘choirs’.

1884 F. M. Crawford Rom. Singer (ed. 2) I. 24 The choir answers from the organ loft.

†c. transferred. The singers in the Jewish temple; also, in a heathen temple. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) 2 Esdras xii. 39 Two queris of men preisende stoden in the hous of God.

a1425 (a1382) Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Judges (Corpus Oxf.) ix. 27 The querys maad of syngers thei wenten into the temple of her god.

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iii. xxxiii. 202 The Psalmes were written..for the use of the Quire.

1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 138 The bright Quire their kindred Gods invoke.

a. That part of a church appropriated to the singers; spec. the part eastward of the nave, in which the services are performed, separated from the rest of the building by a screen or screens, usually of open work; the chancel. (Now so called chiefly in cathedrals and such large churches as show the cathedral or minster type.)

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > division of building (general) > choir > [noun]

chorea1100

choirc1325

church choir1658

psalmody1664

ritual choir1848

schola cantorum1862

c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 4593 At glastinbury his bones suþþe me fond, & þere at uore þe heye weued amydde þe quer ywis.

a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1876) VI. 465 Clerkes fliȝ þe travayle of þe queere [v.r. kere; ?a1475 anon. tr. qwere] and spended þe catel of holy cherche.

1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. ccli. 322 He lyeth worshipfully in a new chapel on the south-syde of the quyre.

1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xx. 293 In a fair towme in the queyr [1489 Adv. quer].

a1500 (?a1400) Morte Arthur (1903) 3138 In A chapell A-mydde the quere That bold baron they beryed thare.

c1500 Lyfe Roberte Deuyll 695 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1864) I. 246 He went..Towardes the quyere.

1528 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1884) V. 248 In the hie wheire of oure Blisside Ladie in the pariche church of Ellughton.

1535 Bp. J. Fisher Wks. i. 366 Comming to the quire.

1535 Bp. J. Fisher Wks. i. 367 Quyer.

1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16267) Mattyns f. i The priest beeyng in the quier shall begynne with a loude voyce the Lordes prayer.

1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 256 Buried in the Quier, or vpper parte of Paules Churche.

1591 in J. Barmby Churchwardens' Accts. Pittington (1888) 266 The forme on the north side of the queare.

a1661 W. Brereton Trav. (1844) 115 Divine service..is performed in the quire or chancel.

1662 Bk. Com. Prayer, Morn. & Even. Prayer (rubric) In Quires and Places where they sing, here followeth the Anthem.

1708 J. Kersey Dict. Anglo-Britannicum Choir, the Quire of a Church, that part of it where Divine Service is said or sung.

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) In Nunneries, the Choir is a large Hall, adjoining to the Body of the Church; separated by a Grate, where the Religious sing the Office.

1815 W. Wordsworth White Doe of Rylstone i. 9 Can she be grieved for quire or shrine, Crushed as if by wrath divine?

1869 J. H. Parker Conc. Gloss. Terms Archit. (ed. 3) 67 The name of chancel and choir became synonymous, but usage now generally confines the name of choir to the cathedrals or large churches.

1871 B. Taylor tr. J. W. von Goethe Faust II. iv. iii. 335 The rising morning sun already lights the choir.

1874 J. H. Parker Introd. Study Gothic Archit. (ed. 4) i. iv. 102 St. Hugh's choir of Lincoln Cathedral is the earliest building of the pure Gothic style..that has been..found in Europe.

in extended use.1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets lxxiii. sig. E4 Those boughes which shake against the could, Bare rn'wd quiers, where late the sweet birds sang.

†b. Phrase. to keep one's choir (cf. to keep one's chapels at chapel n. 5a). Obsolete. Prov. to rob the church to mend the choir, etc.

ΚΠ

c1450 (c1400) Sowdon of Babylon (1881) 566 Fye, preest..Go home and kepe thy Qwer!

1516 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1884) V. 74 All other clarkes that kepes daly ther where ijd.

?1518 A. Barclay tr. D. Mancinus Myrrour Good Maners sig. D Uncouer nat the churche, therwith to mende the quere.

c1530 A. Barclay Egloges i. sig. Fij v Some pyll the churche, therwith to lead the quere.

1889 N.E.D. at Choir Sc. Proverb He rives the kirk to theik the quire.

†c. lady quire n. Obsolete = Lady chapel n.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > division of building (general) > chapel > [noun] > dedicated to the Virgin

Our Lady chapel1426

Our Lady's chapel1509

lady quire1512

Lady chapel1539

1512 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1884) V. 36 To be buried..in the Lady qwere.

1550 in E. Peacock Eng. Church Furnit. (1866) 166 Ye alter in our lady gwerre..ye alter in nycholas gwerre.

†d. As a place for the church-buckets (see church bucket n.).

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > division of building (general) > choir > [noun] > as place for the church-buckets

choir1647

1647 J. Cleveland Poems in Char. London-diurnall (Wing C4662) 35 Not all the buckets in a Countrey Quire Shall quench my rage.

1667 J. Dryden Annus Mirabilis 1666 ccxxix. 58 Some run for Buckets to the hallow'd Quire.

a. gen. A company of singers; spec. an organized body of singers who perform at concerts, etc.; a choral society or institution.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musician > singer > company of singers > [noun]

carol1483

choira1556

chore1641

chorus1656

choral society1858

schola cantorum1898

choral1942

a1556 N. Udall Ralph Roister Doister (?1566) v. vi. sig. I.j Let me fet your quier that we may haue a song.

1595 R. Wilson Pedlers Prophecie We foure will make an honest quere; I will follow, if the Pedler will begin.

1663 A. Cowley Ess. in Verse & Prose (1669) 116 What Princes Quire of Musick can excell That which within this shade does dwell?

1770 J. Langhorne & W. Langhorne tr. Plutarch Lives (1879) I. 566/1 The choirs which the cities sent to sing the praises of Apollo.

1832 G. Downes Lett. from Continental Countries I. 107 A choir of fair singers of Brientz usually accompanies the party.

1880 G. Grove Dict. Music II. 261 During this winter [1827–8] Felix [Mendelssohn]..formed a select choir of 16 voices, who met at his house on Saturday evenings.

b. transferred and figurative of angels, birds, echoes, etc.

ΚΠ

1593 W. Shakespeare Venus & Adonis sig. Fij^v Still the quier of ecchoes answer.

1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §253 Where Eccho's come from severall Parts..they must..make as it were a Quire of Eccho's.

a1627 J. Beaumont Bosworth-field (1629) 5 Like bright Apollo in the Muses quires.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xii. 366 They..by a Quire Of squadrond Angels hear his Carol sung.

1672 T. Comber Compan. Temple 229 The great mistery of the Trinity, which the Celestial Quire owns by their Trisagium.

1705 J. Addison Remarks Italy 319 Feather'd Quires that warbled in the Shade.

1880 E. White Certainty in Relig. 82 As if a quire of angels filled the firmament with their songs.

c. (See quot. 1909.) Chiefly U.S.

ΚΠ

1909 Cent. Dict. Suppl. Choir,..a group of instruments of the same class.., as a trombone choir.

1955 R. Blesh Shining Trumpets (ed. 3) xii. 277 The sluggish swing mechanism, with its brass and reed choirs.

4. Each of the nine orders of angels in the heavenly hierarchy.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the supernatural > deity > angel > [noun] > order of

orderc1225

hierarchyc1380

princehooda1425

choir1641

1641 R. Carpenter Experience, Hist., & Divinitie iii. iv. 17 Say, that there are nine Orders, or Quires of Angels.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iii. 666 Hath brought me [sc. Satan] from the Quires of Cherubim Alone thus wandring.

1848 C. Kingsley Saint's Trag. iv. ii. 222 My report Shall..win the quires of heaven To love and honour him.

5. Cf. chorus n. 1.

a. A band of dancers, or of dancers and singers (in ancient heathen worship, etc.).

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > dancing > dancer generally > [noun] > company of dancers

chore1647

choir1656

ensemble1915

society > leisure > the arts > music > musician > singer > company of singers > [noun] > in ancient heathen worship

choir1656

1656 A. Cowley Pindaric Odes (1669) 21 Lo how the Years to come, a numerous and well-fitted Quire, All hand in hand do decently advance, And to my song with smooth and equal measure dance.

1764 O. Goldsmith Traveller 13 How often have I led thy sportive choir, With tuneless pipe, beside the murmuring Loire?

1817 P. B. Shelley Laon & Cythna iii. xxiii. 68 Like a quire of devils, Around me they involved a giddy dance.

†b. A dance (or ? a carol). Obsolete. rare.

ΚΠ

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Lament. v. 14 Our mery quere [1611 our dance] is turned in to mourninge.

6. gen. An organized company or collection, a band (of persons, or figuratively of things); sometimes with the idea of rhythmical motion or regular order as of dancers. (Cf. chorus n. 2.)

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > a company or body of persons > [noun]

ferec975

flockOE

gingc1175

rout?c1225

companyc1300

fellowshipc1300

covinc1330

eschelec1330

tripc1330

fellowred1340

choira1382

head1381

glub1382

partya1387

peoplec1390

conventc1426

an abominable of monksa1450

body1453

carol1483

band1490

compernagea1500

consorce1512

congregationa1530

corporationa1535

corpse1534

chore1572

society1572

crew1578

string1579

consort1584

troop1584

tribe1609

squadron1617

bunch1622

core1622

lag1624

studa1625

brigadea1649

platoon1711

cohort1719

lot1725

corps1754

loo1764

squad1786

brotherhood1820

companionhood1825

troupe1825

crowd1840

companionship1842

group1845

that ilk1845

set-out1854

layout1869

confraternity1872

show1901

crush1904

we1927

familia1933

shower1936

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Song of Sol. vi. 13 Queres of tentes [L. choros castrorum].

1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream ii. i. 55 And then the whole Quire hould their hippes, and loffe.

1622 F. Bacon Hist. Raigne Henry VII 105 The King euer willing to put himselfe into the Consort or Quire of all religious Actions.

1691 J. Ray Wisdom of God 190 Nature which hath so skilfully ranked and disposed this Quire of our Teeth.

1692 J. Ray Wisdom of God (ed. 2) i. 52 The Hypothesis of every fixt Stars being a Sun..and having a Quire [1704 choire] of Planets..moving about him.

1855 C. Kingsley Glaucus 11 The whole choir of cosmical sciences.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

choir-house n.

ΚΠ

1883 Pall Mall Gaz. 27 Dec. 2/1 The boys in the Abbey choir..boarded in a choir-house.

choir-service n.

ΚΠ

1643 O. Cromwell Let. 10 Jan. (Carlyle) I require you to forbear your choir-service.

1781 T. Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry III. xxviii. 83 That part of our choir-service called the motet or anthem.

b. (In sense 2.)

choir-aisle n.

ΚΠ

1848 B. Webb Sketches Continental Ecclesiol. 24 It is cruciform, with an apse, but has no retrochoir or choir-aisles.

choir-chapel n.

choir-crypt n.

ΚΠ

a1878 G. G. Scott Lect. Mediæval Archit. (1879) II. 29 Here..we have still remaining the choir-crypt.

choir-door n.

ΚΠ

1513 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1884) V. 48 Afore the quere dore in the church of Est Drayton.

1591 in J. Barmby Churchwardens' Accts. Pittington (1888) 266 The seconde stall from the queare doore.

Thesaurus »

Categories »

choir-screen n.

choir-side n.

choir-stall n.

C2. See also choirman n., choir organ n.

choirboy n. a boy who sings in a choir, a chorister.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > laity > lay functionaries > chorister > [noun]

songereOE

childOE

clergionc1325

choristerc1360

chanterc1384

quirera1425

choirman1488

singing man1527

clerk1549

chorista1552

songman1599

singing boy1666

sing-man1691

white boy1691

white man1691

choirist1773

secular1786

chorister-boy1817

choirboy1843

1843 W. M. Thackeray Ravenswing vii, in Fraser's Mag. Sept. 321/2 He had been a choir-boy.

† choir-cope n. Obsolete a cope worn by a member of a choir.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > lay garments > items of attire > [noun] > choir-member's cope

choir-copec1300

c1300 St. Brendan (Laud) 274 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 227 Monekes..yreuested faire and in queor-copes.

1853 D. Rock Church our Fathers III. ii. 250 All the canons and clerks..took off the black choir-copes and arose clad in surplices.

choirmaster n. a leader or director of a choir.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > musician > conductor or leader > [noun] > chorus-master

informator choristarum1664

chorus-master1820

choirmaster1860

1860 E. B. Ramsay Reminisc. Sc. Life (1874) p. xlv Choirs have been organized with great effect by choir-masters of musical taste and skill.

choir nun n. a member of a female religious society who is professed for the choir (i.e. to perform the choir offices), distinguished from lay sister.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > monasticism > nun > [noun] > professed for choir duty

choir nun1788

choir sister1889

1788–9 in Publ. Catholic Rec. Soc. (1910) 8 187 The Number of Religious at this time are 13 choir Nuns 3 lay sisters & 3 novices.

choir sister n. = choir nun n.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > monasticism > nun > [noun] > professed for choir duty

choir nun1788

choir sister1889

1889 A. Devine Convent Life iv. iv. 298 A Lay-Sister cannot be transferred to the state of a Choir-Sister without the authority of the Holy See.

choir offices n. the divine service which is said or sung in choir (i.e. the canonical hours, morning and evening prayer of the Book of Common Prayer).

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > canonical hours > [noun]

service?c1225

houra1250

officec1300

divine service1389

canonical hours1483

course1570

little hours1688

choir offices1876

1876 St. Cross, Holywell, Parish Mag. 277 The choral cope worn on ferias in large churches by all the clergy at the choir offices.

1898 Daily News 26 Aug. 5/1 The canons are..free in all acts outside those of the choir offices.

choir-pitch n. Music see quot.

ΚΠ

1852 tr. J. J. Seidel Organ & its Constr. 22 Organs..tuned either in the so-called chamber-pitch..or in the choir-pitch, which was a whole tone higher.

choir practice n. the trial or performance of set pieces of music by a choir, under the instruction of the choirmaster.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > a performance > [noun] > choir practice

choir practice1865

1865 F. Helmore Church Choirs 65 In Choir Practice..let the Choir-master..insist on constant attention to the movements of his ‘baton’.

1904 E. F. Benson Challoners vi This afternoon..she would have to take choir-practice in the Room.

choir school n. a school for choirboys that is maintained by a cathedral or large church; so choir scholar.

ΘΚΠ

society > education > place of education > school > [noun] > church school

parish school1711

church school1714

parochial school1714

schola cantorum1728

choir school1873

Sacred Heart1883

society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > a performance > place of performance or practice > [noun] > choir school

schola cantorum1728

choir school1873

1873 C. M. Yonge Pillars of House I. xx. 192 He is in the choir school at Minsterham Cathedral.

1873 C. M. Yonge Pillars of House II. xvii. 137 You and Harewood can be retained as choir scholars for another year.

1958 Times 23 June 9/4 A match between the Fellows of Kings and the Choir School.

choir-wise adv. in the manner of a choir, antiphonally.

ΚΠ

1661 P. Heylyn Ecclesia Restavrata II. v. 59 A song sung Quire-wise..Moses as Chanter.

Draft additions June 2016

choirgirl n. a girl who sings in a church or cathedral choir; a female chorister; cf. choirboy n. at Compounds 2.

ΚΠ

1817 T. D. Fosbroke Brit. Monachism (ed. 2) 417/2 Form of investing..a Choir Girl, i.e. making her a Noviciate.

1866 Patriot (London) 18 Oct. 679/4 The Lady Warden, habited in a magnificent cope, and preceded by a choir girl acting as her cross-bearer.

1929 Waunakee (Wisconsin) Tribune 3 Jan. 1/4 The church council will introduce choirgirls for the first time.

2012 Vanity Fair June 116/1 Sherrie Christian, a former choirgirl..whose..familiarity with the glam-metal songbook lands her a job at the Bourbon.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	choir
释义	choirquiren. /kwʌɪə/ Forms: α. Middle English quer, Middle English–1500s quere, Middle English queor, queyr, Middle English–1500s queer, Middle English qwer, kere, Middle English–1500s qwere, qweer, 1500s queare, northern qwhere, where; 1500s–1600s queere. β. Middle English–1500s quyre, queyere, 1500s quiere, quyer, wheire, 1500s–1600s quiere, 1500s– quire. γ. 1600s– choir, (1700s choire). Etymology: Middle English quer , quere , < Old French cuer choir of a church (modern French chœur ) < Latin chorus company of dancers, dance; company, band; (in medieval Latin) body of singers in church, place for singers in church; < Greek χορός dance, company of dancers or singers: compare chorus n. The change from Middle English quēre, to quyer, quire, goes exactly with that of brere and frere to brier, friar. The spoken word is still quire, though since the close of the 17th cent. this has been fictitiously spelt choir, apparently as a partial assimilation to Greek-Latin chorus, or French chœur. The spelling quire has never been altered in the English Prayer-book. Some people affect to pronounce choir/kɔɪə(r)/. 1. The organized body of singers in cathedral or church service. †a. The clergy of a cathedral or collegiate church engaged in performing the church service: formerly more or less coextensive with chapter n. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > council > chapter > [noun] capitleOE chapitle1297 choirc1300 chapter1491 close1570 cabildo1924 c1300 St. Brendan (Harl.) (1844) 14 Tuelf other freres of the queor. c1305 Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 82 Alle þe Canouns of þe queor. 1556 in J. G. Nichols Chron. Grey Friars 75 The qweer of Powlles had a commandment from the dene. c1600 Wriothesley's Chron. Eng. (1875) I. 12 The Bishop of London, with all Powles quier, receaued him. b. The band of singers who perform or lead the musical part of the service in a church or chapel.A cathedral choir consists of the vicars choral or minor canons, lay-clerks, and choristers. This body is divided into two sets of voices sitting in the south and north sides of the chancel, called respectively decani and cantoris (i.e. dean's and precentor's side) who sing antiphonally. (But in some cases the positions are reversed.) ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > laity > lay functionaries > chorister > [noun] > group of chapel1420 choir?c1430 chore1641 society > leisure > the arts > music > musician > singer > company of singers > [noun] > church choir schoolOE choir?c1430 church choir1792 ?c1430 (c1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 192 Whanne þer ben fourty or fyfty in a queer, þre or foure..lorellis schullen knacke þe most deuout seruyce..& alle oþere schullen be doumbe. 1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique 76 b The Chaunter..made the whole quier, that then was redy for syngyng, to fall streight a laughyng. 1597 T. Morley Plaine & Easie Introd. Musicke 156 To haue plaide it on the organes with a quier of singing men. 1645 J. Milton Il Penseroso in Poems 43 Let the pealing Organ blow, To the full voic'd Quire below. 1795 W. Mason Ess. Eng. Church Music iii. 207 Singing Men, much less singing Women, as a separate Choir made no part in the..orders, which St. Peter and St. Paul had..appointed. 1823 Ld. Byron Don Juan: Canto XIII lxii. 86 The silenced quire. 1869 F. A. G. Ouseley Treat. Counterpoint xiv. 91 In writing for two choirs, it is always desirable to make the harmony of each choir complete. 1880 G. Grove Dict. Music (at cited word) ‘Choir’ is..used for the singers in churches of all kinds; and for the portions into which a chorus is divided when the composition is written for two, three, or any other number of ‘choirs’. 1884 F. M. Crawford Rom. Singer (ed. 2) I. 24 The choir answers from the organ loft. †c. transferred. The singers in the Jewish temple; also, in a heathen temple. Obsolete. ΚΠ a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) 2 Esdras xii. 39 Two queris of men preisende stoden in the hous of God. a1425 (a1382) Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Judges (Corpus Oxf.) ix. 27 The querys maad of syngers thei wenten into the temple of her god. 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan iii. xxxiii. 202 The Psalmes were written..for the use of the Quire. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil Wks. 138 The bright Quire their kindred Gods invoke. View more context for this quotation 2. a. That part of a church appropriated to the singers; spec. the part eastward of the nave, in which the services are performed, separated from the rest of the building by a screen or screens, usually of open work; the chancel. (Now so called chiefly in cathedrals and such large churches as show the cathedral or minster type.) ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > division of building (general) > choir > [noun] chorea1100 choirc1325 church choir1658 psalmody1664 ritual choir1848 schola cantorum1862 c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 4593 At glastinbury his bones suþþe me fond, & þere at uore þe heye weued amydde þe quer ywis. a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1876) VI. 465 Clerkes fliȝ þe travayle of þe queere [v.r. kere; ?a1475 anon. tr. qwere] and spended þe catel of holy cherche. 1480 W. Caxton Chron. Eng. ccli. 322 He lyeth worshipfully in a new chapel on the south-syde of the quyre. 1487 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (St. John's Cambr.) xx. 293 In a fair towme in the queyr [1489 Adv. quer]. a1500 (?a1400) Morte Arthur (1903) 3138 In A chapell A-mydde the quere That bold baron they beryed thare. c1500 Lyfe Roberte Deuyll 695 in W. C. Hazlitt Remains Early Pop. Poetry Eng. (1864) I. 246 He went..Towardes the quyere. 1528 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1884) V. 248 In the hie wheire of oure Blisside Ladie in the pariche church of Ellughton. 1535 Bp. J. Fisher Wks. i. 366 Comming to the quire. 1535 Bp. J. Fisher Wks. i. 367 Quyer. 1549 Bk. Common Prayer (STC 16267) Mattyns f. i The priest beeyng in the quier shall begynne with a loude voyce the Lordes prayer. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 256 Buried in the Quier, or vpper parte of Paules Churche. 1591 in J. Barmby Churchwardens' Accts. Pittington (1888) 266 The forme on the north side of the queare. a1661 W. Brereton Trav. (1844) 115 Divine service..is performed in the quire or chancel. 1662 Bk. Com. Prayer, Morn. & Even. Prayer (rubric) In Quires and Places where they sing, here followeth the Anthem. 1708 J. Kersey Dict. Anglo-Britannicum Choir, the Quire of a Church, that part of it where Divine Service is said or sung. 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. (at cited word) In Nunneries, the Choir is a large Hall, adjoining to the Body of the Church; separated by a Grate, where the Religious sing the Office. 1815 W. Wordsworth White Doe of Rylstone i. 9 Can she be grieved for quire or shrine, Crushed as if by wrath divine? 1869 J. H. Parker Conc. Gloss. Terms Archit. (ed. 3) 67 The name of chancel and choir became synonymous, but usage now generally confines the name of choir to the cathedrals or large churches. 1871 B. Taylor tr. J. W. von Goethe Faust II. iv. iii. 335 The rising morning sun already lights the choir. 1874 J. H. Parker Introd. Study Gothic Archit. (ed. 4) i. iv. 102 St. Hugh's choir of Lincoln Cathedral is the earliest building of the pure Gothic style..that has been..found in Europe. in extended use.1609 W. Shakespeare Sonnets lxxiii. sig. E4 Those boughes which shake against the could, Bare rn'wd quiers, where late the sweet birds sang. View more context for this quotation †b. Phrase. to keep one's choir (cf. to keep one's chapels at chapel n. 5a). Obsolete. Prov. to rob the church to mend the choir, etc. ΚΠ c1450 (c1400) Sowdon of Babylon (1881) 566 Fye, preest..Go home and kepe thy Qwer! 1516 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1884) V. 74 All other clarkes that kepes daly ther where ijd. ?1518 A. Barclay tr. D. Mancinus Myrrour Good Maners sig. D Uncouer nat the churche, therwith to mende the quere. c1530 A. Barclay Egloges i. sig. Fij v Some pyll the churche, therwith to lead the quere. 1889 N.E.D. at Choir Sc. Proverb He rives the kirk to theik the quire. †c. lady quire n. Obsolete = Lady chapel n. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > division of building (general) > chapel > [noun] > dedicated to the Virgin Our Lady chapel1426 Our Lady's chapel1509 lady quire1512 Lady chapel1539 1512 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1884) V. 36 To be buried..in the Lady qwere. 1550 in E. Peacock Eng. Church Furnit. (1866) 166 Ye alter in our lady gwerre..ye alter in nycholas gwerre. †d. As a place for the church-buckets (see church bucket n.). ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > division of building (general) > choir > [noun] > as place for the church-buckets choir1647 1647 J. Cleveland Poems in Char. London-diurnall (Wing C4662) 35 Not all the buckets in a Countrey Quire Shall quench my rage. 1667 J. Dryden Annus Mirabilis 1666 ccxxix. 58 Some run for Buckets to the hallow'd Quire. 3. a. gen. A company of singers; spec. an organized body of singers who perform at concerts, etc.; a choral society or institution. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musician > singer > company of singers > [noun] carol1483 choira1556 chore1641 chorus1656 choral society1858 schola cantorum1898 choral1942 a1556 N. Udall Ralph Roister Doister (?1566) v. vi. sig. I.j Let me fet your quier that we may haue a song. 1595 R. Wilson Pedlers Prophecie We foure will make an honest quere; I will follow, if the Pedler will begin. 1663 A. Cowley Ess. in Verse & Prose (1669) 116 What Princes Quire of Musick can excell That which within this shade does dwell? 1770 J. Langhorne & W. Langhorne tr. Plutarch Lives (1879) I. 566/1 The choirs which the cities sent to sing the praises of Apollo. 1832 G. Downes Lett. from Continental Countries I. 107 A choir of fair singers of Brientz usually accompanies the party. 1880 G. Grove Dict. Music II. 261 During this winter [1827–8] Felix [Mendelssohn]..formed a select choir of 16 voices, who met at his house on Saturday evenings. b. transferred and figurative of angels, birds, echoes, etc. ΚΠ 1593 W. Shakespeare Venus & Adonis sig. Fij^v Still the quier of ecchoes answer. View more context for this quotation 1626 F. Bacon Sylua Syluarum §253 Where Eccho's come from severall Parts..they must..make as it were a Quire of Eccho's. a1627 J. Beaumont Bosworth-field (1629) 5 Like bright Apollo in the Muses quires. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost xii. 366 They..by a Quire Of squadrond Angels hear his Carol sung. View more context for this quotation 1672 T. Comber Compan. Temple 229 The great mistery of the Trinity, which the Celestial Quire owns by their Trisagium. 1705 J. Addison Remarks Italy 319 Feather'd Quires that warbled in the Shade. 1880 E. White Certainty in Relig. 82 As if a quire of angels filled the firmament with their songs. c. (See quot. 1909.) Chiefly U.S. ΚΠ 1909 Cent. Dict. Suppl. Choir,..a group of instruments of the same class.., as a trombone choir. 1955 R. Blesh Shining Trumpets (ed. 3) xii. 277 The sluggish swing mechanism, with its brass and reed choirs. 4. Each of the nine orders of angels in the heavenly hierarchy. ΘΚΠ the world > the supernatural > deity > angel > [noun] > order of orderc1225 hierarchyc1380 princehooda1425 choir1641 1641 R. Carpenter Experience, Hist., & Divinitie iii. iv. 17 Say, that there are nine Orders, or Quires of Angels. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iii. 666 Hath brought me [sc. Satan] from the Quires of Cherubim Alone thus wandring. View more context for this quotation 1848 C. Kingsley Saint's Trag. iv. ii. 222 My report Shall..win the quires of heaven To love and honour him. 5. Cf. chorus n. 1. a. A band of dancers, or of dancers and singers (in ancient heathen worship, etc.). ΘΚΠ society > leisure > dancing > dancer generally > [noun] > company of dancers chore1647 choir1656 ensemble1915 society > leisure > the arts > music > musician > singer > company of singers > [noun] > in ancient heathen worship choir1656 1656 A. Cowley Pindaric Odes (1669) 21 Lo how the Years to come, a numerous and well-fitted Quire, All hand in hand do decently advance, And to my song with smooth and equal measure dance. 1764 O. Goldsmith Traveller 13 How often have I led thy sportive choir, With tuneless pipe, beside the murmuring Loire? 1817 P. B. Shelley Laon & Cythna iii. xxiii. 68 Like a quire of devils, Around me they involved a giddy dance. †b. A dance (or ? a carol). Obsolete. rare. ΚΠ 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Lament. v. 14 Our mery quere [1611 our dance] is turned in to mourninge. 6. gen. An organized company or collection, a band (of persons, or figuratively of things); sometimes with the idea of rhythmical motion or regular order as of dancers. (Cf. chorus n. 2.) ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > association, fellowship, or companionship > a company or body of persons > [noun] ferec975 flockOE gingc1175 rout?c1225 companyc1300 fellowshipc1300 covinc1330 eschelec1330 tripc1330 fellowred1340 choira1382 head1381 glub1382 partya1387 peoplec1390 conventc1426 an abominable of monksa1450 body1453 carol1483 band1490 compernagea1500 consorce1512 congregationa1530 corporationa1535 corpse1534 chore1572 society1572 crew1578 string1579 consort1584 troop1584 tribe1609 squadron1617 bunch1622 core1622 lag1624 studa1625 brigadea1649 platoon1711 cohort1719 lot1725 corps1754 loo1764 squad1786 brotherhood1820 companionhood1825 troupe1825 crowd1840 companionship1842 group1845 that ilk1845 set-out1854 layout1869 confraternity1872 show1901 crush1904 we1927 familia1933 shower1936 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Song of Sol. vi. 13 Queres of tentes [L. choros castrorum]. 1600 W. Shakespeare Midsummer Night's Dream ii. i. 55 And then the whole Quire hould their hippes, and loffe. 1622 F. Bacon Hist. Raigne Henry VII 105 The King euer willing to put himselfe into the Consort or Quire of all religious Actions. 1691 J. Ray Wisdom of God 190 Nature which hath so skilfully ranked and disposed this Quire of our Teeth. 1692 J. Ray Wisdom of God (ed. 2) i. 52 The Hypothesis of every fixt Stars being a Sun..and having a Quire [1704 choire] of Planets..moving about him. 1855 C. Kingsley Glaucus 11 The whole choir of cosmical sciences. Compounds C1. General attributive. a. choir-house n. ΚΠ 1883 Pall Mall Gaz. 27 Dec. 2/1 The boys in the Abbey choir..boarded in a choir-house. choir-service n. ΚΠ 1643 O. Cromwell Let. 10 Jan. (Carlyle) I require you to forbear your choir-service. 1781 T. Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry III. xxviii. 83 That part of our choir-service called the motet or anthem. b. (In sense 2.) choir-aisle n. ΚΠ 1848 B. Webb Sketches Continental Ecclesiol. 24 It is cruciform, with an apse, but has no retrochoir or choir-aisles. choir-chapel n. choir-crypt n. ΚΠ a1878 G. G. Scott Lect. Mediæval Archit. (1879) II. 29 Here..we have still remaining the choir-crypt. choir-door n. ΚΠ 1513 in J. Raine Testamenta Eboracensia (1884) V. 48 Afore the quere dore in the church of Est Drayton. 1591 in J. Barmby Churchwardens' Accts. Pittington (1888) 266 The seconde stall from the queare doore. Thesaurus » Categories » choir-screen n. choir-side n. choir-stall n. C2. See also choirman n., choir organ n. choirboy n. a boy who sings in a choir, a chorister. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > laity > lay functionaries > chorister > [noun] songereOE childOE clergionc1325 choristerc1360 chanterc1384 quirera1425 choirman1488 singing man1527 clerk1549 chorista1552 songman1599 singing boy1666 sing-man1691 white boy1691 white man1691 choirist1773 secular1786 chorister-boy1817 choirboy1843 1843 W. M. Thackeray Ravenswing vii, in Fraser's Mag. Sept. 321/2 He had been a choir-boy. † choir-cope n. Obsolete a cope worn by a member of a choir. ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > lay garments > items of attire > [noun] > choir-member's cope choir-copec1300 c1300 St. Brendan (Laud) 274 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 227 Monekes..yreuested faire and in queor-copes. 1853 D. Rock Church our Fathers III. ii. 250 All the canons and clerks..took off the black choir-copes and arose clad in surplices. choirmaster n. a leader or director of a choir. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musician > conductor or leader > [noun] > chorus-master informator choristarum1664 chorus-master1820 choirmaster1860 1860 E. B. Ramsay Reminisc. Sc. Life (1874) p. xlv Choirs have been organized with great effect by choir-masters of musical taste and skill. choir nun n. a member of a female religious society who is professed for the choir (i.e. to perform the choir offices), distinguished from lay sister. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > monasticism > nun > [noun] > professed for choir duty choir nun1788 choir sister1889 1788–9 in Publ. Catholic Rec. Soc. (1910) 8 187 The Number of Religious at this time are 13 choir Nuns 3 lay sisters & 3 novices. choir sister n. = choir nun n. ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > monasticism > nun > [noun] > professed for choir duty choir nun1788 choir sister1889 1889 A. Devine Convent Life iv. iv. 298 A Lay-Sister cannot be transferred to the state of a Choir-Sister without the authority of the Holy See. choir offices n. the divine service which is said or sung in choir (i.e. the canonical hours, morning and evening prayer of the Book of Common Prayer). ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > canonical hours > [noun] service?c1225 houra1250 officec1300 divine service1389 canonical hours1483 course1570 little hours1688 choir offices1876 1876 St. Cross, Holywell, Parish Mag. 277 The choral cope worn on ferias in large churches by all the clergy at the choir offices. 1898 Daily News 26 Aug. 5/1 The canons are..free in all acts outside those of the choir offices. choir-pitch n. Music see quot. ΚΠ 1852 tr. J. J. Seidel Organ & its Constr. 22 Organs..tuned either in the so-called chamber-pitch..or in the choir-pitch, which was a whole tone higher. choir practice n. the trial or performance of set pieces of music by a choir, under the instruction of the choirmaster. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > a performance > [noun] > choir practice choir practice1865 1865 F. Helmore Church Choirs 65 In Choir Practice..let the Choir-master..insist on constant attention to the movements of his ‘baton’. 1904 E. F. Benson Challoners vi This afternoon..she would have to take choir-practice in the Room. choir school n. a school for choirboys that is maintained by a cathedral or large church; so choir scholar. ΘΚΠ society > education > place of education > school > [noun] > church school parish school1711 church school1714 parochial school1714 schola cantorum1728 choir school1873 Sacred Heart1883 society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > a performance > place of performance or practice > [noun] > choir school schola cantorum1728 choir school1873 1873 C. M. Yonge Pillars of House I. xx. 192 He is in the choir school at Minsterham Cathedral. 1873 C. M. Yonge Pillars of House II. xvii. 137 You and Harewood can be retained as choir scholars for another year. 1958 Times 23 June 9/4 A match between the Fellows of Kings and the Choir School. choir-wise adv. in the manner of a choir, antiphonally. ΚΠ 1661 P. Heylyn Ecclesia Restavrata II. v. 59 A song sung Quire-wise..Moses as Chanter. Draft additions June 2016 choirgirl n. a girl who sings in a church or cathedral choir; a female chorister; cf. choirboy n. at Compounds 2. ΚΠ 1817 T. D. Fosbroke Brit. Monachism (ed. 2) 417/2 Form of investing..a Choir Girl, i.e. making her a Noviciate. 1866 Patriot (London) 18 Oct. 679/4 The Lady Warden, habited in a magnificent cope, and preceded by a choir girl acting as her cross-bearer. 1929 Waunakee (Wisconsin) Tribune 3 Jan. 1/4 The church council will introduce choirgirls for the first time. 2012 Vanity Fair June 116/1 Sherrie Christian, a former choirgirl..whose..familiarity with the glam-metal songbook lands her a job at the Bourbon. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online December 2021). choirquirev. /kwʌɪə/ Etymology: < choir n. poetic. a. intransitive. To sing, as a choir; to sing in chorus. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > singing > sing [verb (intransitive)] > sing together choir1600 chorus1748 1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice v. i. 62 Still quiring to the young eyde Cherubins. View more context for this quotation 1783 P. B. G. Fletcher's Christ's Victory iv. ii. 64 in P. Fletcher Purple Island (new ed.) Among whose infant leaves the joyous birds do quire [earlier eds. 'conspire']. 1806 J. Grahame Birds Scotl. 101 With sweet response harmoniously they [sc. seraphim] choired. b. transitive. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > singing > sing [verb (transitive)] > sing in chorus choir1791 chorus1826 1791 E. Darwin Bot. Garden: Pt. I i. 18 To the sacred Sun.., Spontaneous Concords quired the matin strain. c. intransitive. To resound, as music sung by a choir. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > resonance or sonority > resound [verb (intransitive)] singc897 shillc1000 warblea1400 resoundc1425 dun1440 reird1508 rolla1522 rerea1525 peal1593 diapason1608 choir1838 alarm1839 to raise (also lift) the roof1845 whang1854 society > leisure > the arts > music > musical sound > sound [verb (intransitive)] > resound resoundc1425 choir1838 1838 D. M. Moir in Lit. Gaz. 3 Nov. 700/1 Where the psalm and song Of angels choir abroad. Derivatives choiring n. and adj. (also quiring) ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > singing > [noun] > singing together chorus1656 choiring1773 symphony1776 choristry1860 community singing1875 choralism1927 society > leisure > the arts > music > performing music > singing > [adjective] > singing or sung in chorus choiring1773 symphoniac1776 choired1843 1773 R. Fergusson Poems 75 No choiring warblers flutter in the sky. 1843 E. Jones Stud. Sensation & Event 61 Oceanic choirings. a1844 T. Campbell View from St. Leonard's in Poems 133 In thundering Concert with the quiring winds. 1871 B. Taylor tr. J. W. von Goethe Faust I. iii. 72 Hark, the inspiring Sound of their quiring! 1910 R. Brooke Coll. Poems (1918) 67 And such a light, and such a quiring, And such a radiant ecstasy there. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < n.c1300v.1600
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choirquiren.

Compounds

Draft additions June 2016

choirquirev.

Derivatives