absolutistn.adj.

Brit.

/ˈabsəluːtɪst/,

/ˌabsəˈluːtɪst/,

/ˈabsəljuːtɪst/,

/ˌabsəˈljuːtɪst/, U.S.

/ˈˌæbsəˈˌl(j)udəst/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: absolute adj., -ist suffix.

Etymology: < absolute adj. + -ist suffix, in sense A. 2 probably after German Absolutist (1827 in this sense; c1825 in sense ‘supporter or advocate of absolute government’). Compare French absolutiste (noun) supporter or advocate of absolute government (1823), (adjective) of or relating to absolute government (1830). Compare earlier absolutism n. N.E.D. (1884) gives the pronunciation as (æ·bsŏliutist) /ˈæbsəljuːtɪst/.

A. n.

1. Politics. A supporter or advocate of absolute government. Also: a person who rules or governs absolutely.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > principles of or attachment to types of government > [noun] > absolutist or despotist

philodespot1796

absolutist1799

despotomaniac1825

despotist1857

1799 Ld. Grenville Let. 28 Jan. in Duke of Buckingham Mem. Court & Cabinets George III (1853) II. ii. 429 A violent and precipitate removal just now would..throw the whole [sic] absolutists at the feet of those who perhaps..need not have been made enemies.

1855 J. L. Motley Rise Dutch Republic I. ii. i. 249 [Cardinal Granvelle] was a strict absolutist. His deference to arbitrary power was profound and slavish.

1879 tr. J. H. Moritz Busch Bismarck in Franco-German War II. 286 A..sensibly conducted absolutism is the best form of government... But we have no longer any thorough-going Absolutists.

1907 Times 18 Apr. 5/4 The Parliamentary tactics of the majority aim first and foremost at the preservation of the existence of the Duma as against the menaces of the absolutists.

1966 B. Malamud Fixer (1969) ix. iii. 276 The imperial absolutists, the rightist elements, warned the Tsar his crown was slipping.

2006 B. Hilton Mad, Bad, & Dangerous People? viii. 559 There was continuous strife in the Iberian peninsula, ostensibly between royal absolutists and liberal constitutionalists.

2. Philosophy. A person who advocates the philosophical doctrine of absolutism (absolutism n. 4). Also in extended use (see quot. 1896).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > absolute idealism > [noun] > absolutism and its adherents

absolutism1859

absolutist1896

1849 N. Brit. Rev. 10 83 The philosophy of Sir William Hamilton is fitted besides this to meet the virtual scepticism of the German absolutists, by a demonstration of the necessary limitation of all possible human knowledge to what is relative and conditional.

a1856 W. Hamilton Lect. Metaphysics (1859) II. xxiii. 79 The materialist may now derive the subject from the object, the idealist derive the object from the subject, the absolutist sublimate both into indifference.

1896 W. James Will to Believe (1897) 12 The absolutists in this matter say that we not only can attain to knowing truth, but we can know when we have attained to knowing it.

1924 J. Ryan Introd. Philos. vii. 223 Although not all absolutists conceive reality in the same way, all agree that truth is a manifestation of the Absolute in finite minds.

1966 Jrnl. Bible & Relig. 34 66/2 The human mind is then a part of the Infinite Mind... This doctrine, congenial as it is to the German absolutists, is a sore embarrassment to the anti-metaphysical neo-Kantians.

2004 Rev. Politics 66 685 European liberalism was heir to Enlightened Absolutists like Kant and Voltaire.

a. A person who holds certain principles to be absolute and unconditional, without exception or compromise.

ΚΠ

1870 N. Brit. Rev. (U.S. ed.) Apr. 152/2 Those absolutists who believe in Canon-law pure and simple, and those other absolutists who believe in the Belgian Constitution.

1919 Internat. Jrnl. Ethics 29 487 In spite of this radical difference, Absolutists, both Catholic and Anglican, declare that the marriage-bond is inviolable.

1966 B. McKenzie Mary McCarthy vi. 124 She sets as a pattern of behavior an ideal standard impossible of achievement. She describes herself as ‘an absolutist. I was to be a paragon uniting all the virtues.’

1989 Independent 3 Oct. 21/4 On one side stand the absolutists..who feel that burning and banning books is intolerable.

2001 New Scientist 10 Mar. 35/2 Its creator..is a free-speech absolutist who feels that today's Internet, despite its freewheeling image, is vulnerable to censorship.

b. During the First World War (1914–18): a conscientious objector who refused to carry out non-combatant compulsory service. Cf. alternativist n. 1. Now historical.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > peace > pacific character or disposition > [noun] > pacifist in particular instance

pacifico1896

pacificist1907

alternativist1916

absolutist1917

Locarnist1925

peacenik1962

Vietnik1965

1917 Tribunal 1 Feb. 4/2 The Absolutists at Wormwood Scrubs are apparently being transferred to Wandsworth Civil Prison.

1937 P. Crozier Men I Killed viii. 156 The Absolutists went to jail, again and again and again, as men ‘deemed to have been enlisted’.

1965 A. J. P. Taylor Eng. Hist. 1914–45 ii. 54 There remained 1,500 ‘absolutists’—men who refused all compulsory service.

2006 Evening Post (Nottingham) (Nexis) 3 Mar. 24 There were some absolutists who refused to do anything to help the war effort and went to prison for their beliefs.

B. adj. (attributive).

1. Practising or advocating absolute government; despotic.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > oppression > [adjective] > tyrannical, despotic, or autocratic

tyrant1297

tyrannous1491

Pharaonical1528

tyrannical1560

tyrannizing1589

servile1603

despotical1608

monarchicala1618

Nimrodian1631

autocratoric1641

Dominical1644

despotic1650

Pendragonish1650

autocratical1651

autocratorical1651

Pharaonian1673

autocratic1769

Pharaonic1792

Corsican1804

Napoleonic1810

satrapian1822

satrapical1823

sultanic1827

absolutist1829

absolutistic1841

arbitrary1862

Napoleonistic1870

Nimrodic1877

pre-Hitlerian1942

1829 Times 20 Feb. 3/6 With respect to convents and the absolutist party, is it not strange that our good citizens of Paris..support the royal loan of Spain?

1880 E. Peacock in Academy 28 Aug. 145 This absolutist tradition derived from the flatterers of Henry VIII.

1903 Times 21 Jan. 3/3 He knew..of no absolutist Royal personages or Ministers in Germany.

1951 W. Lewis Rotting Hill ii. 80 Since the stalinist doctrine is absolutist,..naturally in conversation stalinists are, on the whole, apt to be intolerant and tough.

1964 T. G. Tappert in tr. P. J. Spener Pia Desideria 5 Absolutist rulers saw political advantage in religious uniformity within their territories.

1997 R. Porter Greatest Benefit to Mankind ix. 240 The wider development of social administration and control, especially under absolutist regimes.

2. Philosophy. Of or relating to the philosophical doctrine of absolutism.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > absolute idealism > [adjective] > of or relating to absolutism

absolutist1897

absolutistic1905

1897 W. James Will to Believe 12 We may talk of the empiricist way and of the absolutist way of believing in truth.

1936 A. J. Ayer Lang., Truth & Logic vi. 106 The ‘absolutist’ view of ethics—that is, the view that statements of value are not controlled by observation..but only by a mysterious ‘intellectual intuition’.

1970 G. W. Allen William James 35 James admits that this Supreme Soul or God provides the possibility for an absolutist philosophy.

1996 Times Higher Educ. Suppl. (Nexis) 6 Sept. 19 The absolutist view of mathematics sees..mathematical truths being discovered through the intuition of the mathematician and then established by proof.

3. Characterized by the belief that certain principles are absolute and unconditional; that does not admit of compromise or qualification.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > decision > obstinacy or stubbornness > [adjective] > inflexible

ironOE

stour1303

strange1338

unmovablea1382

inflexible1398

stoutc1410

unpliablea1425

intreatable1509

stiff1526

stiff-necked1526

unpliant1547

stout-hearted1552

inexorable1553

obstinate1559

strait-laced1560

impersuasible1576

unflexiblea1586

hard-edged1589

adamantive1594

unyielding1594

adder-deaf1597

steeled1600

irrefragable1601

rigid1606

unpersuadable1607

imployable1613

unswayablea1616

uncompellable1623

inflexive?1624

over-rigid1632

unlimbera1639

seta1640

incomplying1640

uncomplying1643

stiff-girt1659

impersuadable1680

unbendinga1688

impracticable1713

unblendable1716

stiff-rumped1728

unconvinciblea1747

uncompounding1782

unplastic1787

unbending1796

adamant1816

uneasy1819

uncompromising1828

cast iron1829

hard-hitting1831

rigoristic1844

ramrod1850

pincé1858

anchylosed1860

unbendable1884

tape-bound1900

tape-tied1900

hard line1903

tough1905

absolutist1907

hard-arsed1942

go-for-broke1946

hardcore1951

hard-arse1966

hard-ass1967

hardball1974

1907 J. Conrad Secret Agent vi. 156 She had not only felt him to be inoffensive, but she had said so, which last by confusion of her absolutist mind became a sort of uncontrovertible demonstration.

1950 Times 16 Nov. 3/3 There were members of the Assembly who occasionally indulged in a gamble... If this report was not received on the ground that it rejected the absolutist view, the consciences of these people would be burdened with the guilt of a new sin.

1972 N. McInnes W. Marxists i. 34 This is the familiar absolutist assertion that in order to know anything at all one needs to know something about everything.

2003 New Yorker 1 Dec. 62/1 Brooks was trying to steer A. I. away from the absolutist goals of its founders.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	absolutist
释义	absolutistn.adj. Brit. /ˈabsəluːtɪst/, /ˌabsəˈluːtɪst/, /ˈabsəljuːtɪst/, /ˌabsəˈljuːtɪst/, U.S. /ˈˌæbsəˈˌl(j)udəst/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: absolute adj., -ist suffix. Etymology: < absolute adj. + -ist suffix, in sense A. 2 probably after German Absolutist (1827 in this sense; c1825 in sense ‘supporter or advocate of absolute government’). Compare French absolutiste (noun) supporter or advocate of absolute government (1823), (adjective) of or relating to absolute government (1830). Compare earlier absolutism n. N.E.D. (1884) gives the pronunciation as (æ·bsŏliutist) /ˈæbsəljuːtɪst/. A. n. 1. Politics. A supporter or advocate of absolute government. Also: a person who rules or governs absolutely. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > principles of or attachment to types of government > [noun] > absolutist or despotist philodespot1796 absolutist1799 despotomaniac1825 despotist1857 1799 Ld. Grenville Let. 28 Jan. in Duke of Buckingham Mem. Court & Cabinets George III (1853) II. ii. 429 A violent and precipitate removal just now would..throw the whole [sic] absolutists at the feet of those who perhaps..need not have been made enemies. 1855 J. L. Motley Rise Dutch Republic I. ii. i. 249 [Cardinal Granvelle] was a strict absolutist. His deference to arbitrary power was profound and slavish. 1879 tr. J. H. Moritz Busch Bismarck in Franco-German War II. 286 A..sensibly conducted absolutism is the best form of government... But we have no longer any thorough-going Absolutists. 1907 Times 18 Apr. 5/4 The Parliamentary tactics of the majority aim first and foremost at the preservation of the existence of the Duma as against the menaces of the absolutists. 1966 B. Malamud Fixer (1969) ix. iii. 276 The imperial absolutists, the rightist elements, warned the Tsar his crown was slipping. 2006 B. Hilton Mad, Bad, & Dangerous People? viii. 559 There was continuous strife in the Iberian peninsula, ostensibly between royal absolutists and liberal constitutionalists. 2. Philosophy. A person who advocates the philosophical doctrine of absolutism (absolutism n. 4). Also in extended use (see quot. 1896). ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > absolute idealism > [noun] > absolutism and its adherents absolutism1859 absolutist1896 1849 N. Brit. Rev. 10 83 The philosophy of Sir William Hamilton is fitted besides this to meet the virtual scepticism of the German absolutists, by a demonstration of the necessary limitation of all possible human knowledge to what is relative and conditional. a1856 W. Hamilton Lect. Metaphysics (1859) II. xxiii. 79 The materialist may now derive the subject from the object, the idealist derive the object from the subject, the absolutist sublimate both into indifference. 1896 W. James Will to Believe (1897) 12 The absolutists in this matter say that we not only can attain to knowing truth, but we can know when we have attained to knowing it. 1924 J. Ryan Introd. Philos. vii. 223 Although not all absolutists conceive reality in the same way, all agree that truth is a manifestation of the Absolute in finite minds. 1966 Jrnl. Bible & Relig. 34 66/2 The human mind is then a part of the Infinite Mind... This doctrine, congenial as it is to the German absolutists, is a sore embarrassment to the anti-metaphysical neo-Kantians. 2004 Rev. Politics 66 685 European liberalism was heir to Enlightened Absolutists like Kant and Voltaire. 3. a. A person who holds certain principles to be absolute and unconditional, without exception or compromise. ΚΠ 1870 N. Brit. Rev. (U.S. ed.) Apr. 152/2 Those absolutists who believe in Canon-law pure and simple, and those other absolutists who believe in the Belgian Constitution. 1919 Internat. Jrnl. Ethics 29 487 In spite of this radical difference, Absolutists, both Catholic and Anglican, declare that the marriage-bond is inviolable. 1966 B. McKenzie Mary McCarthy vi. 124 She sets as a pattern of behavior an ideal standard impossible of achievement. She describes herself as ‘an absolutist. I was to be a paragon uniting all the virtues.’ 1989 Independent 3 Oct. 21/4 On one side stand the absolutists..who feel that burning and banning books is intolerable. 2001 New Scientist 10 Mar. 35/2 Its creator..is a free-speech absolutist who feels that today's Internet, despite its freewheeling image, is vulnerable to censorship. b. During the First World War (1914–18): a conscientious objector who refused to carry out non-combatant compulsory service. Cf. alternativist n. 1. Now historical. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > peace > pacific character or disposition > [noun] > pacifist in particular instance pacifico1896 pacificist1907 alternativist1916 absolutist1917 Locarnist1925 peacenik1962 Vietnik1965 1917 Tribunal 1 Feb. 4/2 The Absolutists at Wormwood Scrubs are apparently being transferred to Wandsworth Civil Prison. 1937 P. Crozier Men I Killed viii. 156 The Absolutists went to jail, again and again and again, as men ‘deemed to have been enlisted’. 1965 A. J. P. Taylor Eng. Hist. 1914–45 ii. 54 There remained 1,500 ‘absolutists’—men who refused all compulsory service. 2006 Evening Post (Nottingham) (Nexis) 3 Mar. 24 There were some absolutists who refused to do anything to help the war effort and went to prison for their beliefs. B. adj. (attributive). 1. Practising or advocating absolute government; despotic. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > oppression > [adjective] > tyrannical, despotic, or autocratic tyrant1297 tyrannous1491 Pharaonical1528 tyrannical1560 tyrannizing1589 servile1603 despotical1608 monarchicala1618 Nimrodian1631 autocratoric1641 Dominical1644 despotic1650 Pendragonish1650 autocratical1651 autocratorical1651 Pharaonian1673 autocratic1769 Pharaonic1792 Corsican1804 Napoleonic1810 satrapian1822 satrapical1823 sultanic1827 absolutist1829 absolutistic1841 arbitrary1862 Napoleonistic1870 Nimrodic1877 pre-Hitlerian1942 1829 Times 20 Feb. 3/6 With respect to convents and the absolutist party, is it not strange that our good citizens of Paris..support the royal loan of Spain? 1880 E. Peacock in Academy 28 Aug. 145 This absolutist tradition derived from the flatterers of Henry VIII. 1903 Times 21 Jan. 3/3 He knew..of no absolutist Royal personages or Ministers in Germany. 1951 W. Lewis Rotting Hill ii. 80 Since the stalinist doctrine is absolutist,..naturally in conversation stalinists are, on the whole, apt to be intolerant and tough. 1964 T. G. Tappert in tr. P. J. Spener Pia Desideria 5 Absolutist rulers saw political advantage in religious uniformity within their territories. 1997 R. Porter Greatest Benefit to Mankind ix. 240 The wider development of social administration and control, especially under absolutist regimes. 2. Philosophy. Of or relating to the philosophical doctrine of absolutism. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > absolute idealism > [adjective] > of or relating to absolutism absolutist1897 absolutistic1905 1897 W. James Will to Believe 12 We may talk of the empiricist way and of the absolutist way of believing in truth. 1936 A. J. Ayer Lang., Truth & Logic vi. 106 The ‘absolutist’ view of ethics—that is, the view that statements of value are not controlled by observation..but only by a mysterious ‘intellectual intuition’. 1970 G. W. Allen William James 35 James admits that this Supreme Soul or God provides the possibility for an absolutist philosophy. 1996 Times Higher Educ. Suppl. (Nexis) 6 Sept. 19 The absolutist view of mathematics sees..mathematical truths being discovered through the intuition of the mathematician and then established by proof. 3. Characterized by the belief that certain principles are absolute and unconditional; that does not admit of compromise or qualification. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > obstinacy or stubbornness > [adjective] > inflexible ironOE stour1303 strange1338 unmovablea1382 inflexible1398 stoutc1410 unpliablea1425 intreatable1509 stiff1526 stiff-necked1526 unpliant1547 stout-hearted1552 inexorable1553 obstinate1559 strait-laced1560 impersuasible1576 unflexiblea1586 hard-edged1589 adamantive1594 unyielding1594 adder-deaf1597 steeled1600 irrefragable1601 rigid1606 unpersuadable1607 imployable1613 unswayablea1616 uncompellable1623 inflexive?1624 over-rigid1632 unlimbera1639 seta1640 incomplying1640 uncomplying1643 stiff-girt1659 impersuadable1680 unbendinga1688 impracticable1713 unblendable1716 stiff-rumped1728 unconvinciblea1747 uncompounding1782 unplastic1787 unbending1796 adamant1816 uneasy1819 uncompromising1828 cast iron1829 hard-hitting1831 rigoristic1844 ramrod1850 pincé1858 anchylosed1860 unbendable1884 tape-bound1900 tape-tied1900 hard line1903 tough1905 absolutist1907 hard-arsed1942 go-for-broke1946 hardcore1951 hard-arse1966 hard-ass1967 hardball1974 1907 J. Conrad Secret Agent vi. 156 She had not only felt him to be inoffensive, but she had said so, which last by confusion of her absolutist mind became a sort of uncontrovertible demonstration. 1950 Times 16 Nov. 3/3 There were members of the Assembly who occasionally indulged in a gamble... If this report was not received on the ground that it rejected the absolutist view, the consciences of these people would be burdened with the guilt of a new sin. 1972 N. McInnes W. Marxists i. 34 This is the familiar absolutist assertion that in order to know anything at all one needs to know something about everything. 2003 New Yorker 1 Dec. 62/1 Brooks was trying to steer A. I. away from the absolutist goals of its founders. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < n.adj.1799
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