chivalrousadj.

/ˈ(t)ʃɪvəlrəs/

Forms: Middle English chewalrouss, chewalrus, chevelrous, chevelruss, Middle English–1500s chyualrous, chyualrus, cheuelrous(e, cheuelrus, Middle English–1600s cheualrous, Middle English chevalerous(e, chevallrus, chiualrus, chiuallrouse, 1500s cheualrus, cheualryous, cheuallorous, Middle English–1500s, 1700s–1800s chivalrous.

Etymology: Middle English, < Old French chevalerous , chevaleros , -us , -eus , -eux (not in modern French), < chevalier chevalier n.: see -ous suffix. In its original use this word became obsolete both in French and English before 1600, perhaps shortly after 1530 (Lord Berners), for in Shakespeare, Spenser, and dictionaries c1600, it was merely traditional. It reappears in Bailey's Dict., 1721–31, as a word of Spenser and Chaucer. Johnson 1755 has it merely as a Spenserian word ‘now out of use’. But in the latter part of the 18th cent. it was revived by writers on the romances of chivalry, and has become again a living word referring either to the historical or the ideal chivalry of the Middle Ages. The early pronunciation as shown copiously in alliterative verse was (as in Old French) with /tʃ-/; since its revival it is more generally pronounced with /ʃ-/, as if from modern French (where it is not found).

I. In early use.

†1.

a. Like, or having the characteristics of, a (medieval) knight or man-at-arms; esp. doughty, valorous. (See quot. 1611.) Obsolete except as forming part of sense 3.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > courage > chivalry > [adjective]

chivalrousc1374

knightlikec1425

chivalric1797

c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde v. 802 Diomede was..Hardy, testife, strong, and cheualrous.

c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 2399 Cheualrous knyȝteȝ.

c1440 York Myst. xxxiii. 31 No chyvalrus chiftan may chere hym.

1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos xvi. 63 To make hym more cheualerouse than eny othre of hys tyme.

a1533 Ld. Berners tr. Arthur of Brytayn (?1560) Prol. p. i^v The chyualrous feates and marcyall Prowesses of the vyctoryous Knyghtes of tymes paste.

c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 3651 Achilles, a choise kyng & cheuallrus in armys.

1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. ix. sig. H5 In braue poursuitt of cheualrous emprize.

1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II i. i. 81 Ile answer thee in any faire degree, Or chiualrous designe of knightly triall.

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Chevalereux, cheualrous, doughty, valorous, valiant, couragious, stout, bold.

†b. Of places: Of warlike renown. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > armed hostility > war > [adjective] > of warlike renown (of place)

chivalrousc1440

c1440 Bone Flor. 2 A more chyvalrous town then Troy was oon In londe was never seen.

1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid ii. v. (iv.) 77 O worthy Troiane wallis cheualrus [Inclyta bello].

II. In modern (revived) use.

2. Of or pertaining to the Age of Chivalry, or to the knights of that age (as viewed historically).

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > knight > [adjective] > relating to chivalry > of age of chivalry

chivalrous1774

1774 T. Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry I. iii. 148 But to sing romantic and chivalrous adventures was a very different task.

1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 116 The old feudal and chivalrous spirit of Fealty.

1818 H. Hallam View Europe Middle Ages II. ix. 562 The manners of chivalrous times do not make so fair an appearance in Monstrelet.

1854 H. H. Milman Hist. Lat. Christianity III. vii. vi. 255 By the Crusades chivalry became more religious, religion more chivalrous.

1854 H. H. Milman Hist. Lat. Christianity III. vii. vi. 256 The chivalrous word courtesy designates a new virtue, not ordained by our religion.

1876 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest V. xxiv. 482 The chivalrous spirit is, above all things, a class spirit. The good knight is bound to endless fantastic courtesies towards men, and still more towards women, of a certain rank; he may treat all below that rank with any degree of scorn and cruelty.

1876 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest V. xxiv. 483 The whole chivalrous idea, an idea quite un-English.

1882 E. A. Freeman Reign William Rufus ii. 173 The massacre of Limoges, the most truly chivalrous deed ever done.

3. Of, belonging to, or characteristic of the ideal knight; possessing all the virtues attributed to the Age of Chivalry; characterized by pure and noble gallantry, honour, courtesy, and disinterested devotion to the cause of the weak or oppressed. Sometimes, ‘gallant, or disinterestedly devoted in the service of the female sex’; sometimes, in ridicule = ‘quixotic’.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > virtue > morally elevated quality > [adjective] > chivalrous

chivalric1797

chivalrous1818

the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > [adjective] > well-mannered > chivalrous

knightlyc1384

romance1631

chivalrous1818

the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > [adjective] > to women

gallanta1680

chivalrous1818

1818 H. Hallam View Europe Middle Ages II. ix. 551 Eminent instances of chivalrous virtue.

1837 H. Martineau Society in Amer. III. 106 Boasting of the ‘chivalrous’ treatment she [woman] enjoys.

1845 J. Lingard Hist. & Antiq. Anglo-Saxon Church (ed. 3) I. App. g. 388 Certainly a most unpromising and chivalrous attempt.

1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. I. 13 A chivalrous perception of the meaning of the word duty.

1863 ‘Ouida’ Held in Bondage I. viii. 167 Positively, Granville, you are quite chivalrous in her defence.

1883 ‘G. Lloyd’ Ebb & Flow II. xxiii. 45 Frank is the most generous, chivalrous fellow in the world.

4. Of knightly position or rank. rare.

ΚΠ

1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth viii, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. II. 225 Of gentle blood and chivalrous rank.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	chivalrous
释义	chivalrousadj. /ˈ(t)ʃɪvəlrəs/ Forms: Middle English chewalrouss, chewalrus, chevelrous, chevelruss, Middle English–1500s chyualrous, chyualrus, cheuelrous(e, cheuelrus, Middle English–1600s cheualrous, Middle English chevalerous(e, chevallrus, chiualrus, chiuallrouse, 1500s cheualrus, cheualryous, cheuallorous, Middle English–1500s, 1700s–1800s chivalrous. Etymology: Middle English, < Old French chevalerous , chevaleros , -us , -eus , -eux (not in modern French), < chevalier chevalier n.: see -ous suffix. In its original use this word became obsolete both in French and English before 1600, perhaps shortly after 1530 (Lord Berners), for in Shakespeare, Spenser, and dictionaries c1600, it was merely traditional. It reappears in Bailey's Dict., 1721–31, as a word of Spenser and Chaucer. Johnson 1755 has it merely as a Spenserian word ‘now out of use’. But in the latter part of the 18th cent. it was revived by writers on the romances of chivalry, and has become again a living word referring either to the historical or the ideal chivalry of the Middle Ages. The early pronunciation as shown copiously in alliterative verse was (as in Old French) with /tʃ-/; since its revival it is more generally pronounced with /ʃ-/, as if from modern French (where it is not found). I. In early use. †1. a. Like, or having the characteristics of, a (medieval) knight or man-at-arms; esp. doughty, valorous. (See quot. 1611.) Obsolete except as forming part of sense 3. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > courage > chivalry > [adjective] chivalrousc1374 knightlikec1425 chivalric1797 c1374 G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde v. 802 Diomede was..Hardy, testife, strong, and cheualrous. c1400 (?c1390) Sir Gawain & Green Knight (1940) l. 2399 Cheualrous knyȝteȝ. c1440 York Myst. xxxiii. 31 No chyvalrus chiftan may chere hym. 1490 W. Caxton tr. Eneydos xvi. 63 To make hym more cheualerouse than eny othre of hys tyme. a1533 Ld. Berners tr. Arthur of Brytayn (?1560) Prol. p. i^v The chyualrous feates and marcyall Prowesses of the vyctoryous Knyghtes of tymes paste. c1540 (?a1400) Destr. Troy 3651 Achilles, a choise kyng & cheuallrus in armys. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. ix. sig. H5 In braue poursuitt of cheualrous emprize. 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard II i. i. 81 Ile answer thee in any faire degree, Or chiualrous designe of knightly triall. View more context for this quotation 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Chevalereux, cheualrous, doughty, valorous, valiant, couragious, stout, bold. †b. Of places: Of warlike renown. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > war > [adjective] > of warlike renown (of place) chivalrousc1440 c1440 Bone Flor. 2 A more chyvalrous town then Troy was oon In londe was never seen. 1513 G. Douglas tr. Virgil Æneid ii. v. (iv.) 77 O worthy Troiane wallis cheualrus [Inclyta bello]. II. In modern (revived) use. 2. Of or pertaining to the Age of Chivalry, or to the knights of that age (as viewed historically). ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social class > nobility > rank > knight > [adjective] > relating to chivalry > of age of chivalry chivalrous1774 1774 T. Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry I. iii. 148 But to sing romantic and chivalrous adventures was a very different task. 1790 E. Burke Refl. Revol. in France 116 The old feudal and chivalrous spirit of Fealty. View more context for this quotation 1818 H. Hallam View Europe Middle Ages II. ix. 562 The manners of chivalrous times do not make so fair an appearance in Monstrelet. 1854 H. H. Milman Hist. Lat. Christianity III. vii. vi. 255 By the Crusades chivalry became more religious, religion more chivalrous. 1854 H. H. Milman Hist. Lat. Christianity III. vii. vi. 256 The chivalrous word courtesy designates a new virtue, not ordained by our religion. 1876 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest V. xxiv. 482 The chivalrous spirit is, above all things, a class spirit. The good knight is bound to endless fantastic courtesies towards men, and still more towards women, of a certain rank; he may treat all below that rank with any degree of scorn and cruelty. 1876 E. A. Freeman Hist. Norman Conquest V. xxiv. 483 The whole chivalrous idea, an idea quite un-English. 1882 E. A. Freeman Reign William Rufus ii. 173 The massacre of Limoges, the most truly chivalrous deed ever done. 3. Of, belonging to, or characteristic of the ideal knight; possessing all the virtues attributed to the Age of Chivalry; characterized by pure and noble gallantry, honour, courtesy, and disinterested devotion to the cause of the weak or oppressed. Sometimes, ‘gallant, or disinterestedly devoted in the service of the female sex’; sometimes, in ridicule = ‘quixotic’. ΘΚΠ society > morality > virtue > morally elevated quality > [adjective] > chivalrous chivalric1797 chivalrous1818 the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > [adjective] > well-mannered > chivalrous knightlyc1384 romance1631 chivalrous1818 the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > [adjective] > to women gallanta1680 chivalrous1818 1818 H. Hallam View Europe Middle Ages II. ix. 551 Eminent instances of chivalrous virtue. 1837 H. Martineau Society in Amer. III. 106 Boasting of the ‘chivalrous’ treatment she [woman] enjoys. 1845 J. Lingard Hist. & Antiq. Anglo-Saxon Church (ed. 3) I. App. g. 388 Certainly a most unpromising and chivalrous attempt. 1856 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. I. 13 A chivalrous perception of the meaning of the word duty. 1863 ‘Ouida’ Held in Bondage I. viii. 167 Positively, Granville, you are quite chivalrous in her defence. 1883 ‘G. Lloyd’ Ebb & Flow II. xxiii. 45 Frank is the most generous, chivalrous fellow in the world. 4. Of knightly position or rank. rare. ΚΠ 1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth viii, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. II. 225 Of gentle blood and chivalrous rank. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1889; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.c1374
随便看	gentleman, man of lead gentleman-at-large gentleman-commoner gentleman-pensioner gentleman-usher gentlemanatlarge gentlemancommoner gentlemanhood gentlemaning gentlemanism gentlemanize gentlemanlike gentlemanlike-looking gentlemanlikelooking gentlemanlikeness gentlemanlikenesses gentlemanliness gentlemanlinesses gentlemanly gentlemanly looking gentlemanpensioner gentlemanry gentlemanship gentlemanusher gentlemany