citationn.
/sʌɪˈteɪʃn/, U.S. /saɪˈteɪʃən/ 1. † c. gen. A summons; a call, an invocation. Obsolete.
a. The action or an act of citing or summoning someone to a court of law, tribunal, or the like; the fact of being summoned. In later use also: the action or an act of issuing someone with a citation (sense 1b).
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > process, writ, warrant, or order > [noun] > summons
citationc1325
summonancec1410
process1423
summons1429
summonitionc1455
venire facias1463
letters citatory1465
summonda1500
interpellation1579
butterfly1583
exploit1622
monition1649
cital1760
venire1763
exaction1816
assignation1884
blister1903
bluey1909
blue1939
society > faith > church government > ecclesiastical discipline > court > legal process > [noun] > summons
citationc1325
cital1760
citing1787
c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 9718 Þe eiȝteþe was, þat in þe londe citacion non nere Þoru bulle of þe pope of rome.
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 283 For þe citacioun [L. citacionem] of Cesar wente he [sc. Herod] to Rome.
1448 in H. Nicolas Proc. & Ordinances Privy Council (1837) VI. 327 (MED) James Hall, persoun of parisshe chirche..was cyted to have appiered afore hym..the saide citacioun [etc.].
1520 Chron. Eng. iv. f. 27v/2 He wente unto Rome for the cytacyon of the emperoure.
1532 Act 23 Hen. VIII c. 9. §6 No Archbishop nor Bishop..shall aske demand take or receiue of any of the Kings subiects any Sum or Sums of money for the seale of any Citation.
1573 J. Bridges Supremacie Christian Princes 1064 They obeyed his citation and came before the King.
1640 Vox Norwici 10 He refused and opposed the constant wearing of the Surplice.., persisting in his inconformity after his citation to the Court.
1660 R. Coke Elements Power & Subjection 217 in Justice Vindicated All summons, citations, and other proces Ecclesiastical.
1792 H. H. Brackenridge Mod. Chivalry II. vi. iii. 123 The manager.., without either citation, examination, trial, conviction, or judgment, but laying aside all forms of law, had instituted an original process of himself.
1838 Hist. Controv. Univ. City of N.Y. 29 We will suppose that we had yielded to the citation of the Committee and appeared before them as the formal prosecutors of the Chancellor.
1863 H. Cox Inst. Eng. Govt. ii. xi. 569 Ecclesiastical causes commence by citation of the defendant.
1908 Times 8 Jan. 7/3 They..entered a protest against the citation of 20 witnesses.
1954 ABA Jrnl. June 456/3 Even if the witness were eventually held in contempt, he could appeal his citation to the courts.
2008 A. C. Wilson What does Justice look Like? 87 If we wanted to access our sacred sites in our homeland..we would face citation or arrest for trespassing.
b. Originally: a document constituting, or bearing the text of, a summons to a court, tribunal, etc. (cf. summons n. 2). Later more generally: (North American) a document notifying a person that he or she is required to respond to a legal charge (not necessarily by attending a court hearing) as a consequence of having allegedly contravened a law or regulation.In later use not always clearly distinguishable from sense 1a.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > process, writ, warrant, or order > [noun] > summons > written form
citation1473
1473 J. Paston in Paston Lett. & Papers (2004) I. 472 I purposed to haue sent heere-wyth the testament off my fadre and the scytacions to my moodre, to yow, and Arblaster, but they be nott redy.
1530 in W. H. Turner Select. Rec. Oxf. (1880) 73 John Cottysford..sent a cytacon to..Flemyng.
1593 T. Nashe Strange Newes 17 I sawe him make an Apparriter..eate his Citation, waxe and all.
1601 F. Godwin Catal. Bishops of Eng. 90 This citation they fixed vpon the high crosse at Canterbury.
1681 T. D'Urfey Progr. Honesty x. 11 His Shelves were cramm'd with Processes and Writs,..Long Rolls of Parchment, Bonds, Citations, Wills, [etc.].
1751 E. Haywood Hist. Betsy Thoughtless III. x. 124 A citation to appear before the doctors of the civil law was delivered to her, by an officer belonging to that court.
1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth x, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. III. 253 [They] left citations for father and daughter to appear before the Court of Commission.
1873 R. Phillimore Eccl. Law 1254 These decrees or citations are signed by the Registrar of the Court.
1909 Atlantic Reporter 73 1032/1 Where a citation was sent to plaintiff's attorneys..it will be presumed that the citation was in the hands of the notary who took the depositions when they were taken.
1924 Oak Leaves (Oak Park, Illinois) 23 Aug. 24/1 The woman herself was driving at the time the violation occurred altho the citation had been directed to her husband.
1973 R. B. Taylor Sweatshops in Sun vi. 134 [He] informed labor law investigators of the violations he observed, citations were issued, and the cases were taken to court.
1980 Globe & Mail (Toronto) (Nexis) 4 Dec. The Quebec provincial police force has been ordered..to stop issuing bilingual traffic tickets and start handing out citations in French only.
2011 M. Stiefvater Forever viii. 43 ‘That's no way to drive,’ the cop said. ‘I'm here to give you a citation for going seventy-three in a fifty-five zone, all right?’
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > command > command or bidding > [noun] > summons or summoning > a summons
stevena900
crya1300
summonsc1300
warninga1400
citationa1640
provoke1842
a1640 J. Fletcher & P. Massinger Spanish Curat v. ii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. G4/2 Doe you heare that passing bell? Lop. A strong Citation, blesse me!
a1645 J. Philipot Villare Cantianum (1659) 363 Amongst the Africans the placing of the Pileus or Cap upon the top of a Spear was a tacit citation or summons to Liberty, and an Intimation to shake off the Fetters of Tyranny.
1769 T. Smollett Adventures of Atom I. 2 I heard a shrill, small voice..call distinctly three times, ‘Nathaniel Peacock, Nathaniel Peacock, Nathaniel Peacock.’ Astonished, yea, even affrighted, at this citation, I replied [etc.].
1845 B. Disraeli Sybil I. ii. xiii. 260 These heralds of the dawn..by a strict observance of whose citation they [sc. factory girls] can alone escape the dreaded fine.
1853 W. G. Simms Vasconselos xl. 446 He..said solemnly: ‘A Dios!’ The words were not spoken by way of farewell. They were in the nature of a citation.
2.
a. The action or an act of quoting or referring to a passage, text, author, legal precedent, etc., esp. as an authority or in support of an argument; quotation.
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the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > documentary evidence > [noun] > use of
allegation1535
citation1538
quotation1646
citing1699
recital1790
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > evidence > [noun] > citing as precedent
citation1538
society > leisure > the arts > literature > literary and textual criticism > literary criticism > [noun] > practice of citing or quoting
citation1538
quotation1646
society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > ornateness > [noun] > fondness for quotations > art or practice of quoting
citation1538
quotation1646
1538 Bp. J. Longland Serm. Good Frydaye sig. Kv The deuyll..whiche nether with his citacyons, neyther with his fayre promyses, neyther wt his sharpe threatenynges..coude neyther perswade her to his fleshlye voluptuous desire.
1558 Q. Kennedy Compendius Tractiue v. sig. C.iv Thairfore wyll we cease fra ferther citatioun (ordourlie) of ye generale counsales.
1599 tr. J. Piscator Learned Treat. of Mans Iustification ii. ii. 64 He faulteth in false citation: for the Apostle writeth not, The soule liueth because of Iustification.
1640 R. Flecknoe Affections of Pious Soule To Rdr. sig. A5v That I am so frequent in Latin citation, those I am sure who are verst in the language, will easily pardon it.
1651 R. Baxter Plain Script. Proof Infants Church-membership & Baptism 248 A vain citation of a passage out of my Book of Rest.
1663 W. Charleton Chorea Gigantum 22 Omitting the citation of the particular Chapter.
1716 R. West Disc. conc. Treasons 23 I shall not in my Citation of Precedents go beyond those Times, of which we have Records extant.
1746 I. Watts Useful & Important Questions iv. 134 The Design of the Apostles in the Citation of these Texts, and the Application of them to Christ, was to prove [etc.].
1814 Edinb. Rev. Nov. 29 These examples..may serve to give the reader a notion of the sort of merit which we meant to illustrate by their citation.
1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola I. xii. 199 Impudent falsities of citation.
1922 Hispanic Amer. Hist. Rev. 5 489 At times the reader feels that the author might have curtailed his citation of sources and replaced them with his own critical comments to good advantage.
1977 S. Turow One L 226 Accurate citation is..another of the dull, lawyerly skills you cannot go without learning.
2006 P. J. Nahin Dr. Euler's Fabulous Formula iv. 165 If there is any citation at all in those texts..it is always to Gibbs's second letter in Nature.
2010 M. Sharpe & G. Boucher Žižek & Politics iii. 109 The reader might have noted how much of the preceding section proceeded very largely without citation of Žižek's works.
b. A cited passage, a quotation.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > testing > attestation, witness, evidence > documentary evidence > [noun] > passage quoted
citation1548
quotation1618
quoting1853
quote1885
cite1941
society > leisure > the arts > literature > literary and textual criticism > literary criticism > [noun] > practice of citing or quoting > that which is quoted
concordance1538
citation1548
remnant1601
traverse1608
quotation1618
tag1702
quote1885
cite1941
1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Matt. i. f. 19 These two citations here ensuyng.
1598 I. K. in tr. A. Romei Courtiers Acad. To Rdr. sig. A3v I haue..contended..to expresse the meaning of such poetical citations as the author vseth.
1640 N. E. Information for Ignorant sig. C2v You charge them not to stuffe their Books full with citations of their rotten, putrified and empty Fathers, and Authors.
1692 R. Bentley Boyle Lect. ii. 7 Philosophers..did frequently adorn and confirm their Discourses by Citations out of Poets.
1704 J. Dennis Grounds of Crit. in Poetry iv. 52 I am afraid of..heaping too many Citations one upon another.
1776 G. Campbell Philos. of Rhetoric I. ii. 78 The citations from the Rape of the Lock are no otherwise to be considered as ridicule, than as a lively exhibition of some follies.
1841 W. Spalding Italy & Ital. Islands II. 99 Other legends were vouched by grave citations from a certain Book of Martyrdoms.
1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) I. Introd. 119 Virtue..cannot be taught by rhetorical discourses or citations from the poets.
1883 W. Gladstone in Times 9 June The noble lord has given us citations of what purported to be telegrams.
1928 Classical Q. 22 61 If the citation begins in the body of a line a single quotation mark is placed immediately before its first word.
1994 L. Gordon Charlotte Brontë (1995) vi. 179 Charlotte scorned the citations from Greek, Latin, French, and German authors.
2006 Atlantic Monthly Sept. 148/1 Thirteen citations that include set foot in are scattered around the Oxford English Dictionary, the earliest of which..is from 1599.
c. A reference providing information about where a particular quotation, text, etc., is to be found; a bibliographical reference.Earliest with reference to the citing of legal precedents.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > indication > pointing out > [noun]
appointmenta1530
reference1591
indication1626
indigitation1644
citation1721
cross-reference1834
1721 W. Hawkins Treat. Pleas Crown II. xlviii. 447 For the Nature of Abjuration,..being wholly obsolete at this Day, I shall refer to the Citations in the Margin.
1790 Spelling-bk. for Ackworth School 132 Several Marks (*, †, ‡, ‖) are used for referring to some Note, or Citation in the Margin.
1856 Amer. Jrnl. Sci. 71 283 The bibliographical citations at the end of each considerable article direct us to the best and latest sources of fuller information.
1871 Trans. Royal Entomol. Soc. 19 3 The abbreviations employed in the citations are given in brackets, immediately after the year of publication.
1958 N.Z. Jrnl. Geol. & Geophysics 1 405/1 Citations are to follow the Harvard System, i.e., in the text they are to be by author's name and year of publication.
1984 N. E. Douglas & N. Baum Libr. Res. Guide Psychol. viii. 41 All the librarian needs is time, a full and accurate citation, and, in the case of photocopying, usually some cash.
2002 J. Kaufman For Common Good? (2003) 214 Schmidt mentions reading the Proceedings of the Elk's annual grand lodge sessions but does not offer an exact citation for this quote.
3. The action or an act of mentioning or referring to something, or a series of things; mention, enumeration. Cf. cite v. 3.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > [noun] > commenting or mentioning
mentionc1300
remembrancea1393
meaninga1400
mention-making1534
mentioning1565
commemoration1576
commenting1597
voicinga1626
memoration1627
citation1640
naming1677
observing1719
commentation1833
1640 A. Hart Alexto & Angelica sig. B4 The citation here of each particular of her unparalleliz'd worth, would appeare too tedious.
1666 G. Harvey Morbus Anglicus xxviii. 168 There remains a citation of such others, as indifferently may produce that malady in any other Countrey.
1799 H. Neuman tr. F.-A.-F. de La Rochefoucauld-Liancourt Trav. through United States N. Amer. II. 657 The ridiculous assertion..has been proved to be absurd by the mere citation of the name of some inhabitants of the United States.
1839 C. M. Kirkland New Home xxvii. 179 I went on with my citations of murdered names, telling how Rogers was turned into Rudgers, [etc.].
1876 ‘G. Eliot’ Daniel Deronda III. v. xxxvi. 79 A tendency in things which seemed to be accounted for by a citation of other instances.
1916 A. N. Young Single Tax Movement U.S. viii. 160 The list of organizations to which the banquets were given is worthy of citation.
1994 J. E. Côté Adolescent Storm & Stress vi. 101 Her citation of traditional harsh punishments for sexual impropriety..must be interpreted in light of what we reviewed in chapters 4 and 5.
4. Originally and chiefly U.S. Originally: the fact of being formally mentioned in a military dispatch or similar report as having carried out a courageous or otherwise meritorious act. Later more generally: a formal honourable mention or commendation. Cf. cite v. 5.Earliest with reference to commendatory mentions made by the French authorities during the First World War (1914–18).
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > military organization > [noun] > mention in dispatches
mention1898
citation1914
1914 Nevada State Jrnl. 30 Aug. 1/1 The [French] war office adds: ‘These citations in orders to the army are the supreme recompense which it is possible to give their [sc. the soldiers'] memories and to their families.’
1916 Titusville (Pa.) Herald 14 Mar. 3/1 The field service of the American ambulance now has received a total of thirty-one distinct citations.
1918 Lake County Times (Hammond, Indiana) 25 Sept. 5/5 For his bravery in action, he received a citation from J. Ramsay, Major General, commanding the division.
1954 C. R. Decker & M. B. Decker Place of Light xx. 275 A month later, at a great national conference, he received a citation for notable work in international relations.
1988 B. Kellerman in A. McIntyre Aging & Polit. Leadership i. 23 He..volunteered for military service in 1914..and won a citation for bravery.
2001 C. A. Cooper in D. R. Davies Press & Race 64 He received..a citation recognizing his work from Washington, D.C.'s Institute on Race Relations in 1947.
Compounds
General attributive (in later use esp. in senses 2b, 2c).
ΚΠ
1845 in G. R. M. Ward Oxf. Univ. Statutes I. xxi. xiv. 226 If any one..does not appear before the Vice-Chancellor..after a citation-paper has been affixed to the door of the chamber or house where he is usually resident.
1884 N.-Y. Times 27 Mar. 8/1 They went to call on Mrs. Hoyt..with citation papers.
1941 Descr. Atlas Congress. Roll Calls ii. 35 For each law a citation card was filled out by both sets of workers, giving the citations of the act by date, volume, and page.
1955 Science 15 July 122/1 It would not be excessive to demand that the thorough scholar check all papers that have cited or criticized such papers... The citation index makes this check practicable.
2009 M. Fourcade Economists & Societies 213 The citation pattern in Blaug and Sturges's Who's Who in Economics?..shifts dramatically between the early part of the century..and the 1970s and 1980s.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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