civilityn.

Brit.

/sᵻˈvɪlᵻti/, U.S.

/səˈvɪlᵻdi/

Forms: Middle English ciuylite, Middle English cyuylite, 1500s ciuilite, 1500s ciuilitee, 1500s ciuillytie, 1500s ciuilyte, 1500s ciuilytee, 1500s ciuilyty, 1500s ciuilytye, 1500s ciuylitie, 1500s ciuylity, 1500s cyuilite, 1500s cyuilitie, 1500s cyuylyte, 1500s cyuylyty, 1500s cyvylyte, 1500s sivillitie, 1500s–1600s ciuilitie, 1500s–1600s ciuility, 1500s–1600s ciuilitye, 1500s–1600s ciuilytie, 1500s–1600s civilitie, 1500s– civility, 1600s ciuillity, 1600s civilitye, 1600s civillity, 1600s civiltty, 1600s cyvillitye, 1600s syvilitie, 1600s–1700s civilty.

Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French civilité; Latin cīvīlitāt-, cīvīlitās.

Etymology: < (i) Middle French civilité (French civilité ) organized community or its institutions, political organization or system or conception of this (c1370), polite behaviour (1409; c1640 denoting an instance of this)i and its etymon (ii) classical Latin cīvīlitāt-, cīvīlitās art of civil government, politics (after ancient Greek πολιτική politic n.), behaviour as an ordinary person, unassumingness, in post-classical Latin also citizenship (Vulgate, etc., after ancient Greek πολιτεία policy n.¹), body of citizens, city state, orderly state, social order (6th cent.), civilization (1624 in a British source) < cīvīlis civil adj. + -tās (see -ty suffix¹; compare -ity suffix). Compare Catalan civilitat (14th cent.), Spanish civilidad (15th cent.), Portuguese civilidade (16th cent.), Italian civiltà (14th cent.). With the semantic development compare civil adj. Compare also civilization n., civilness n.

I. Senses relating to citizenship and civil order.

†1. The position or status of being a citizen; citizenship. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > [noun] > opposed to foreigner or visitor > status of

civilityc1384

denizenship1603

citizenship1831

citizenhood1851

society > law > legal right > right of specific class, person, or place > [noun] > status or rights of being a citizen

burgessy1340

civilityc1384

franchisea1400

burgess-shipa1450

free burghership?1555

citizenship1611

cit1679

burghership1725

citizenhood1851

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Deeds xxii. 28 I with moche summe gat this ciuylite [a1425 L.V. fredom, L. civilitatem, Gk. πολιτείαν].

?1555 J. Bradford Exhort. carienge Chrystes Crosse i. 11 Youre ioy is in heauen, where your conuersacion and ciuilite is.

2. Civil order; orderliness in a state or region; absence of anarchy and disorder.Formerly also: †a state of orderliness (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > obedience > [noun] > conformity to principles of social order > orderly condition of state or society

peace?a1160

God's peacec1300

good rulec1300

the king's peace1428

quiet?c1450

civilityc1454

civilness1556

composure1702

social order1703

eunomy1721

eunomia1861

c1454 R. Pecock Folewer to Donet 53 (MED) Comaundementis and ordinauncis, of princis and of her comunalte togidere, forto reule peple in a pesable and comodiose cyuylite.

a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 5 To bryng the hole cuntrey to quyetnes & cyvylyte.

a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 36 Men were brought..from the rude lyfe in feldys and wodys, to thys cyvylyte, wych you now se stablyschyd and set in al wel rulyd cytes and townys.

1577 H. I. tr. H. Bullinger 50 Godlie Serm. I. ii. i. sig. G.vi/1 For the preseruing of publike peace and ciuilitie.

1611 A. Munday Briefe Chron. sig. E6^v Without ciuillity and gouernment.

1651 J. Jane Εικων Ακλαστος 41 The greatest vnhappines of the English nation hath been in the misfortunes of their kings, & the greatest dishonour in the prevalence of insolent, and sly Rebells, the noble blood of the most renowned persons being wasted in those disorders, and Civilitie for many yeares destroyed.

1773 T. Leland Hist. Ireland II. i. 23 The English in other parts enjoyed considerable possessions, and by force of arms..maintained them [sc. the Irish] in a state of rude disorder, something between civility and war.

1812 Edinb. Rev. Feb. 302 The law of nations..has done more for the civility and peace of the world than conquerors or mobs have been able to effect against those inestimable blessings.

1948 W. G. Zeeveld Found. Tudor Policy ix. 252 ‘Certayn men..’ induced them by slow degrees to some order and civility, first by building towns and later by devising laws.

1975 E. J. McCarthy Hard Years 213 The unselfish surrender of his own personal reputation and image for the good of the common effort if..that surrender would advance the cause of justice and order and civility.

2001 M. Cristi Civil to Polit. Relig. vi. 197 The global community..needs ‘a global concord’ for its survival—a global order of civility and justice.

†3. Civil organization and government. Also in extended use. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > [noun]

policyc1390

politicsa1529

civility1537

polity1558

estate1589

policing1589

statism1608

police1698

machine politics1876

1537 T. Starkey Let. in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) I. App. lxxxi. 193 In the joyning of these two lives together..stondeth the chief point of true christian civility.

a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 80 The ordur of our law also in the punnyschment of theft..faylyth much from gud cyvylyte.

1598 tr. G. de La Perrière Mirrour Policie sig. A Policie is deriued from the Greeke woord πολιτεῖα which in our tongue we may tearme Ciuilitie: and that which the Grecians did name Politicke gouernement, the Latines called, the Gouernement of a Commonweale, or ciuile societie.

1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) 31 The civility of these little citizens [sc. bees and ants] more neatly sets forth the wisdom of their maker.

1670 T. Brooks Wks. (1867) VI. 68 How have the rules of the Persian civility been forgotten in the midst of thee!

†4. Observance of the principles of civil order; orderly behaviour; good citizenship. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social attitudes > public-spiritedness > [noun]

civility1537

publicness1605

public spirit1649

public-spiritedness1652

citizenism1830

civism1832

society > authority > subjection > obedience > [noun] > conformity to principles of social order

civility1537

1537–8 Statutes Ireland an. 28 Hen. VIII (1621) 129 Trayning of his people..to an honest Christian civilitie and obedience.

1596 E. Spenser View State Ireland 5 They should have beene reduced to perpetuall civilitie.

c1600 J. Dymmok Treat. Ireland (1842) 6 The cheefe thinge wantinge in that cuntrye is cyvillitye, and dutyfull obedience of the people to their soveraigne.

1641 J. Milton Reason Church-govt. 39 To inbreed and cherish in a great people the seeds of vertu, and publick civility.

1647 N. Ward Simple Cobler Aggawam 39 They conforme such as are profligate, into good civility.

1759 Ann. Reg. 1758 Acct. of Bks. 459/2 Their civility (that is, their deference to the general laws..and their attention to the common good).

†5. A community of citizens regarded collectively. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > inhabitant according to environment > town- or city-dweller > [noun] > collectively

borough-folkc1200

borough-werenc1275

burgh-werec1275

cityc1300

town folkc1325

towna1382

commonity1456

nation1523

portery1565

town1582

townspeople1587

civility1598

municipality1790

citizenry1795

citizenhood1851

burgherage1858

burgherdom1884

burgherhood1885

1598 J. Marston Scourge of Villanie ii. vii. sig. F5^v Yon sad ciuilitie, Is but an Oxe, that with base drugerie Eares [sic] vp the Land.

†6. Theology. Civil righteousness. See civil adj. 16. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > grace > righteousness > [noun] > moral only

civility1619

1619 W. Sclater Expos. 1 Thess. 40 Betwixt Ciuilitie and Sanctification obserue these differences.

1633 Bp. J. Hall Plaine Explic. Hard Texts ii. 43 More..by a sacrilegious pretence of religion, then he did before damne himselfe by an heathenish civility.

a1640 W. Fenner 3 Serm. (1648) 57 They come out of prophanenesse and enter into Civility, and a formall kind of profession.

†II. Senses relating to secularity. Cf. civil adj. 13a.

7. Secular power or dominion. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > [noun] > civil or secular

civility?c1450

?c1450 (?a1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 385 (MED) Þis is þe mooste cyuylite or seculer lordeschipinge þat eny kynge or lorde haþ on his tenauntis.

?c1450 (?a1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 385 Þai bissyen hem to be kyngis in her owne, & reioycen hem fulle myche in þat cyuylite or seculerte.

8. A secular capacity. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > unspirituality > [noun] > instance of

secularity?1530

civility1549

dispirituality1684

1549 H. Latimer 2nd Serm. before Kynges Maiestie sig. Dii What an enormitie is this in a christian realme to serue in a ciuilitye, hauynge the profyt of a Prouestshyp & a Deanry, and a Personage.

9. Secular character; secularity. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > unspirituality > [noun]

secularity1395

sieclec1400

worldlishipa1425

worldliness?c1430

worldlihoodc1443

mundanity1506

secularness?1529

carnality1548

carnalness1549

earthliness1549

rudiments of the world1557

Sadduceeism1577

Sadducism1581

earthly-mindedness1603

temporalness1611

worldly-mindedness1621

corporality1628

unspiritualness1642

civility1644

corporeity1653

materialism1822

unspirituality1843

secularism1851

terrestrialism1856

temporalism1872

this-worldliness1872

despiritualization1874

this-worldism1883

this-worldness1930

1644 R. Williams Blovdy Tenent sig. a3 An inforced uniformity of Religion throughout a Nation or civill state, confounds the Civill and Religious, denies the principles of Christianity and civility.

1649 Bp. J. Hall Resol. & Decisions iv. viii. 474 If there were nothing in marriage but meere civility, the Magistrate might be meet to be imployed in this service.

III. Senses relating to culture and civilized behaviour.

10. The state or condition of being civilized; = civilization n. 3. Now somewhat archaic.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > civilization > [noun]

police1530

civility1531

civilization1760

snivelization1849

civilizedness1878

kultur1914

society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > a civilization or culture > [noun]

civility1531

civilization1767

culture1860

1531 tr. E. Fox et al. Determinations Moste Famous Vniuersities vi. f. 129 Suche mariages, whiche..euen the cruell hethens and barbarous people, without all ciuilite hath for very honesties sake, euermore abhorred.

1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. Col. iii. f. vii^v Christ is..to the wylde and barbarous, ciuilitie.

1588 T. Hariot Briefe Rep. Virginia sig. E2(2) Whereby may bee hoped if meanes of good gouernment bee vsed, that they may in short time be brought to ciuilitie, and the imbracing of true religion.

1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. ii. viii. §1. 361 From them the Greekes, then barbarous, receiued Ciuilitie.

a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Berks. 82 Cloth sure is of the same date with Civility in this Land.

1692 J. Ray Wisdom of God (ed. 2) i. 201 Metals and Minerals..necessary Instruments..of Culture and Civility.

1722 A. Nisbet Syst. Heraldry I. ii. iii. 268 One of their Progenitors assisted St. Patrick to propagate the christian Faith in Ireland, and to reduce the barbarous People there, to Civility and Christianity.

1775 S. Johnson Journey W. Islands 359 The progress of arts and civility.

1823 C. Lamb Mod. Gallantry in Elia 181 The nineteenth century of the era from which we date our civility.

1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits iv. 66 The foundations of the new civility were to be laid by the most savage men.

1881 J. H. Shorthouse John Inglesant (trade ed.) vii. 177 A brutal people destitute of civility.

1979 Shakespeare Q. 30 35 Arguing that the Virginia colonists would bring civility and Christianity to aid the savages in body and soul.

1992 M. P. Nichols Citizens & Statesmen i. 17 It is through founding..that human beings overcome their savage strife and assume the civility of which they are capable.

†11.

a. Culture, refinement, good breeding; cultured, refined, or scholarly education. Obsolete (archaic in later use).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > branch of knowledge > humanistic studies > [noun] > polite learning, culture

civility1557

furniture1560

politeness1627

ingenuitya1661

culturea1677

improvement1711

cultivation1797

sophistication1850

1557 Debellacion Salem & Bizance (new ed.) in Wks. Sir T. More 951/2 Me thinketh it somwhat more ciuilytye..a litle merely to mok him, then..seriouslye to preace vpon him.

1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 692 Well and honorably educated, and in all kind of ciuilitie brought vp.

1649 G. Langbaine Answer Vniv. Oxford 45 The Vniversities are the publique Nurseries of Religion, Piety, Learning, and Civility.

1660 Exact Accompt Trial Regicides 101 I am heartily sorry in respect you are Persons of great Civility and..of very good parts.

1704 J. Rawson Wisdom 7 Learning Arts and Civility had their beginning in the East.

1756 J. Warton Ess. on Pope I. iii. 184 Bring civility and learning into France.

1854 T. De Quincey Autobiogr. Sketches in Select. Grave & Gay II. 17 Our universities, all so many recurring centres of civility.

b. A branch of the liberal arts; a division of culture. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > branch of knowledge > humanistic studies > [noun] > polite learning, culture > branch of

civility1636

1636 H. Blount Voy. Levant 85 This Cyclopadia hath beene observed to runne from East, to West: Thus have most Civilities and Sciences come..from the Indian Gymnosophists, into Egypt; from thence into Greece, so into Italy.

1657 J. Howell Londinopolis 9 Young Gentlemen do so ply their studies in all kinds of sciences, and other civilities, besides the Law.

1672 Bp. J. Wilkins Of Princ. Nat. Relig. 184 They [sc. the Romans] had likewise spread their arts and civilities.

12.

a. Behaviour or speech appropriate to civil interactions; politeness, courtesy, consideration. In later use frequently with negative overtones: the minimum degree of courtesy required in a social situation; absence of rudeness. Also in to show (also †do) civility.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > [noun]

manshipOE

metheOE

courtesy?c1225

debonairty?c1225

gentrice?c1225

debonairshipa1240

hendlaika1250

fairnessc1275

hendiness?a1300

hendshipc1300

meeknessc1300

bonairty1303

bonairnessc1375

debonairness1382

humanityc1384

menskinga1400

hendnessc1400

comity1542

civilness1556

civility1561

courtshipa1640

discretion1752

1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. iv. xx. f. 161 Y^t among Christians may be a common shew of religion, & among men may be manlike ciuilitie.

1581 G. Pettie tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. i. f. 38 Wee cannot oftentimes; nor ought not to faile in ciuilitie and curtesie, in respect only of our owne duetie. For wee are bound to resalute those which salute vs, bee they our inferiours or equals.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) iv. ii. 23 Any madnesse..seem'd but tamenesse, ciuility, and patience to this his distemper he is in now.

1618 N. Field Amends for Ladies ii. sig. C3 v Fie seruant, you shew small ciuilitie And lesse humanitie.

1649 Bp. J. Taylor Great Exemplar ii. §10. 2 Jesus being invited, he went to do civility to the persons espoused.

1665 J. Glanvill Sciri Tuum: Authors Defense 75 in Scepsis Scientifica My Civility to this Learned Man obliged me to some Answer.

1716 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 30 Aug. (1965) I. 256 The..Ladys..have..been to see me with great civility.

1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 165. ⁋12 I must purchase by civility that regard which I had expected to enforce by insolence.

1762 tr. Country Seat II. 185 His Compliment to Mrs. Fortia did not want Politeness; and to her a Savage would show Civility.

a1839 T. H. Bayly Songs, Ballads & Other Poems (1844) I. 148 I will deign to show civility, To the tip tops of gentility.

1843 W. H. Prescott Hist. Conquest Mexico III. vii. v. 341 A cold civility, which carried no conviction of its sincerity.

1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. 31 He would not use the common forms of civility.

1904 Times 10 Sept. 5/2 Everywhere the people showed civility and friendliness.

1953 G. Heyer Cotillion xv. 247 She was obliged for civility's sake to dance several times.

1991 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 13 Aug. 26/1 Nixon often mistook civility for weakness, as one sees in his taped references to loyal followers as ‘candy asses’.

b. Usually in plural. An act or expression appropriate to civilized behaviour; esp. an act or expression of politeness, a courtesy. Also in later use: an act or expression demonstrating a minimum degree of courtesy.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous act or expression > [noun]

gentilessea1413

courtesya1475

humanitya1533

urbanities1630

courtship1631

civility1645

gallantry1673

complaisance1710

politeness1720

complacency1749

attention1752

customary1756

sensibility1795

personality1811

amenity1826

suavities1852

1645 H. Hammond View New Directory 50 It should be necessary, and tend to edification, not to pray such seasonable Prayers, heare, & impresse upon our hearts such seasonable Lessons,..to performe such laudable Christian Civilities.

1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall i. 12 These were not meere Pagan-Civilities.

1660 N. Ingelo Bentivolio & Urania iv. 180 To accept of a Civilty.

1708 J. Swift Accomplishm. of First of Mr. Bickerstaff's Predict. 2 I..said some other Civilities, suitable to the Occasion.

1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1772 I. 354 [Johnson:] We should have shewn his lady more civilities.

1819 T. Hope Anastasius (1820) II. ii. 43 The Schaich..bade me pass on, with the salutation of peace. This civility I most readily returned.

1859 Harper's Mag. Feb. 343/2 She never could make up her mind to be sociable with them, and exchange tea-drinking civilities.

1883 ‘G. Lloyd’ Ebb & Flow II. xxvii. 110 After a few more uneasy civilities on either side.

1919 ‘E. M. Delafield’ Consequences xvii. 204 It was true enough, Heaven knew, Alex thought drearily, as she addressed perfunctory and obviously absent-minded civilities to her mother's guests.

1949 J. Pope-Hennessy Monckton Milnes (1955) iv. 91 Their friendship was confined to breakfast-table civilities, and soon even these were remitted.

1992 Chatelaine (Canada) July 30/1 What I do appreciate about this loony-tunes country is that it is still a place where the small civilities are observed.

†13. Propriety, decency. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > [noun] > seemly behaviour or propriety

seemlihead?a1366

honestya1398

comeliness1440

seemlihoodc1440

seemlityc1440

semblessea1500

seemliness1548

decentness1561

decorum?1571

handsomeness1595

civility1612

decency1682

exactness1683

elegance1686

propriety1753

thing1791

bienseancea1797

convenances1831

decorousness1834

the becoming1842

correctnessa1859

good (also bad) form1868

properness1873

correctitude1893

the done thing1917

the mind > attention and judgement > good taste > pleasing fitness > [noun] > seemliness or propriety

seemlihead?a1366

honestya1398

comeliness1440

seemlityc1440

semblessea1500

elegance1540

seemliness1548

decency1584

handsomeness1595

civility1612

pickle1706

bienseancea1797

formality1834

1612 J. Webster White Divel i. ii Civility keeps them tied all day-time, but they are let loose at midnight.

a1617 S. Hieron Penance for Sinne in Wks. (1620) II. 105 Common ciuilitie teacheth vs to choose our way, and not wilfully to runne in the durt.

Compounds

† civility money n. Obsolete money paid to bailiffs, jailers, etc., to secure goodwill or preferential treatment.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > payment for labour or service > fee for services rendered > [noun] > fee of professional person > jailer's fee

bar-fee1641

civility money1694

jailage1853

1694 P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais Pantagruel's Voy.: 4th Bk. Wks. iv. xiv. 62 To the Catchpole and his Bums he order'd four Ducats for Civility Money [Fr. A Chiquanous & ses Records furent quatre escus au Soleil donnez].

1716 T. Baston Thoughts on Trade 101 Most, or all of these Goalers, purchase their Places, and give Civility Money to some body to wink at their Villanies and Murthers.

1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian ix, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. II. 224 No opposition was offered..either by the guards or door-keepers..one of the latter refused a shilling of civility-money, tendered him by the Laird of Dumbiedikes.

1869 H. W. Woolrych Lives Eminent Serjeants-at-Law 506 Here, unfortunately, the bailiffs began to abuse their prisoner. They called him names, and demanded three guineas for civility money.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	civility
释义	civilityn. Brit. /sᵻˈvɪlᵻti/, U.S. /səˈvɪlᵻdi/ Forms: Middle English ciuylite, Middle English cyuylite, 1500s ciuilite, 1500s ciuilitee, 1500s ciuillytie, 1500s ciuilyte, 1500s ciuilytee, 1500s ciuilyty, 1500s ciuilytye, 1500s ciuylitie, 1500s ciuylity, 1500s cyuilite, 1500s cyuilitie, 1500s cyuylyte, 1500s cyuylyty, 1500s cyvylyte, 1500s sivillitie, 1500s–1600s ciuilitie, 1500s–1600s ciuility, 1500s–1600s ciuilitye, 1500s–1600s ciuilytie, 1500s–1600s civilitie, 1500s– civility, 1600s ciuillity, 1600s civilitye, 1600s civillity, 1600s civiltty, 1600s cyvillitye, 1600s syvilitie, 1600s–1700s civilty. Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French civilité; Latin cīvīlitāt-, cīvīlitās. Etymology: < (i) Middle French civilité (French civilité ) organized community or its institutions, political organization or system or conception of this (c1370), polite behaviour (1409; c1640 denoting an instance of this)i and its etymon (ii) classical Latin cīvīlitāt-, cīvīlitās art of civil government, politics (after ancient Greek πολιτική politic n.), behaviour as an ordinary person, unassumingness, in post-classical Latin also citizenship (Vulgate, etc., after ancient Greek πολιτεία policy n.¹), body of citizens, city state, orderly state, social order (6th cent.), civilization (1624 in a British source) < cīvīlis civil adj. + -tās (see -ty suffix¹; compare -ity suffix). Compare Catalan civilitat (14th cent.), Spanish civilidad (15th cent.), Portuguese civilidade (16th cent.), Italian civiltà (14th cent.). With the semantic development compare civil adj. Compare also civilization n., civilness n. I. Senses relating to citizenship and civil order. †1. The position or status of being a citizen; citizenship. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > [noun] > opposed to foreigner or visitor > status of civilityc1384 denizenship1603 citizenship1831 citizenhood1851 society > law > legal right > right of specific class, person, or place > [noun] > status or rights of being a citizen burgessy1340 civilityc1384 franchisea1400 burgess-shipa1450 free burghership?1555 citizenship1611 cit1679 burghership1725 citizenhood1851 c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Deeds xxii. 28 I with moche summe gat this ciuylite [a1425 L.V. fredom, L. civilitatem, Gk. πολιτείαν]. ?1555 J. Bradford Exhort. carienge Chrystes Crosse i. 11 Youre ioy is in heauen, where your conuersacion and ciuilite is. 2. Civil order; orderliness in a state or region; absence of anarchy and disorder.Formerly also: †a state of orderliness (obsolete). ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > obedience > [noun] > conformity to principles of social order > orderly condition of state or society peace?a1160 God's peacec1300 good rulec1300 the king's peace1428 quiet?c1450 civilityc1454 civilness1556 composure1702 social order1703 eunomy1721 eunomia1861 c1454 R. Pecock Folewer to Donet 53 (MED) Comaundementis and ordinauncis, of princis and of her comunalte togidere, forto reule peple in a pesable and comodiose cyuylite. a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 5 To bryng the hole cuntrey to quyetnes & cyvylyte. a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 36 Men were brought..from the rude lyfe in feldys and wodys, to thys cyvylyte, wych you now se stablyschyd and set in al wel rulyd cytes and townys. 1577 H. I. tr. H. Bullinger 50 Godlie Serm. I. ii. i. sig. G.vi/1 For the preseruing of publike peace and ciuilitie. 1611 A. Munday Briefe Chron. sig. E6^v Without ciuillity and gouernment. 1651 J. Jane Εικων Ακλαστος 41 The greatest vnhappines of the English nation hath been in the misfortunes of their kings, & the greatest dishonour in the prevalence of insolent, and sly Rebells, the noble blood of the most renowned persons being wasted in those disorders, and Civilitie for many yeares destroyed. 1773 T. Leland Hist. Ireland II. i. 23 The English in other parts enjoyed considerable possessions, and by force of arms..maintained them [sc. the Irish] in a state of rude disorder, something between civility and war. 1812 Edinb. Rev. Feb. 302 The law of nations..has done more for the civility and peace of the world than conquerors or mobs have been able to effect against those inestimable blessings. 1948 W. G. Zeeveld Found. Tudor Policy ix. 252 ‘Certayn men..’ induced them by slow degrees to some order and civility, first by building towns and later by devising laws. 1975 E. J. McCarthy Hard Years 213 The unselfish surrender of his own personal reputation and image for the good of the common effort if..that surrender would advance the cause of justice and order and civility. 2001 M. Cristi Civil to Polit. Relig. vi. 197 The global community..needs ‘a global concord’ for its survival—a global order of civility and justice. †3. Civil organization and government. Also in extended use. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > [noun] policyc1390 politicsa1529 civility1537 polity1558 estate1589 policing1589 statism1608 police1698 machine politics1876 1537 T. Starkey Let. in J. Strype Eccl. Memorials (1721) I. App. lxxxi. 193 In the joyning of these two lives together..stondeth the chief point of true christian civility. a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 80 The ordur of our law also in the punnyschment of theft..faylyth much from gud cyvylyte. 1598 tr. G. de La Perrière Mirrour Policie sig. A Policie is deriued from the Greeke woord πολιτεῖα which in our tongue we may tearme Ciuilitie: and that which the Grecians did name Politicke gouernement, the Latines called, the Gouernement of a Commonweale, or ciuile societie. 1643 Sir T. Browne Religio Medici (authorized ed.) 31 The civility of these little citizens [sc. bees and ants] more neatly sets forth the wisdom of their maker. View more context for this quotation 1670 T. Brooks Wks. (1867) VI. 68 How have the rules of the Persian civility been forgotten in the midst of thee! †4. Observance of the principles of civil order; orderly behaviour; good citizenship. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social attitudes > public-spiritedness > [noun] civility1537 publicness1605 public spirit1649 public-spiritedness1652 citizenism1830 civism1832 society > authority > subjection > obedience > [noun] > conformity to principles of social order civility1537 1537–8 Statutes Ireland an. 28 Hen. VIII (1621) 129 Trayning of his people..to an honest Christian civilitie and obedience. 1596 E. Spenser View State Ireland 5 They should have beene reduced to perpetuall civilitie. c1600 J. Dymmok Treat. Ireland (1842) 6 The cheefe thinge wantinge in that cuntrye is cyvillitye, and dutyfull obedience of the people to their soveraigne. 1641 J. Milton Reason Church-govt. 39 To inbreed and cherish in a great people the seeds of vertu, and publick civility. 1647 N. Ward Simple Cobler Aggawam 39 They conforme such as are profligate, into good civility. 1759 Ann. Reg. 1758 Acct. of Bks. 459/2 Their civility (that is, their deference to the general laws..and their attention to the common good). †5. A community of citizens regarded collectively. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > inhabitant according to environment > town- or city-dweller > [noun] > collectively borough-folkc1200 borough-werenc1275 burgh-werec1275 cityc1300 town folkc1325 towna1382 commonity1456 nation1523 portery1565 town1582 townspeople1587 civility1598 municipality1790 citizenry1795 citizenhood1851 burgherage1858 burgherdom1884 burgherhood1885 1598 J. Marston Scourge of Villanie ii. vii. sig. F5^v Yon sad ciuilitie, Is but an Oxe, that with base drugerie Eares [sic] vp the Land. †6. Theology. Civil righteousness. See civil adj. 16. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > grace > righteousness > [noun] > moral only civility1619 1619 W. Sclater Expos. 1 Thess. 40 Betwixt Ciuilitie and Sanctification obserue these differences. 1633 Bp. J. Hall Plaine Explic. Hard Texts ii. 43 More..by a sacrilegious pretence of religion, then he did before damne himselfe by an heathenish civility. a1640 W. Fenner 3 Serm. (1648) 57 They come out of prophanenesse and enter into Civility, and a formall kind of profession. †II. Senses relating to secularity. Cf. civil adj. 13a. 7. Secular power or dominion. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > [noun] > civil or secular civility?c1450 ?c1450 (?a1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 385 (MED) Þis is þe mooste cyuylite or seculer lordeschipinge þat eny kynge or lorde haþ on his tenauntis. ?c1450 (?a1400) J. Wyclif Eng. Wks. (1880) 385 Þai bissyen hem to be kyngis in her owne, & reioycen hem fulle myche in þat cyuylite or seculerte. 8. A secular capacity. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > unspirituality > [noun] > instance of secularity?1530 civility1549 dispirituality1684 1549 H. Latimer 2nd Serm. before Kynges Maiestie sig. Dii What an enormitie is this in a christian realme to serue in a ciuilitye, hauynge the profyt of a Prouestshyp & a Deanry, and a Personage. 9. Secular character; secularity. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > unspirituality > [noun] secularity1395 sieclec1400 worldlishipa1425 worldliness?c1430 worldlihoodc1443 mundanity1506 secularness?1529 carnality1548 carnalness1549 earthliness1549 rudiments of the world1557 Sadduceeism1577 Sadducism1581 earthly-mindedness1603 temporalness1611 worldly-mindedness1621 corporality1628 unspiritualness1642 civility1644 corporeity1653 materialism1822 unspirituality1843 secularism1851 terrestrialism1856 temporalism1872 this-worldliness1872 despiritualization1874 this-worldism1883 this-worldness1930 1644 R. Williams Blovdy Tenent sig. a3 An inforced uniformity of Religion throughout a Nation or civill state, confounds the Civill and Religious, denies the principles of Christianity and civility. 1649 Bp. J. Hall Resol. & Decisions iv. viii. 474 If there were nothing in marriage but meere civility, the Magistrate might be meet to be imployed in this service. III. Senses relating to culture and civilized behaviour. 10. The state or condition of being civilized; = civilization n. 3. Now somewhat archaic. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > civilization > [noun] police1530 civility1531 civilization1760 snivelization1849 civilizedness1878 kultur1914 society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > a civilization or culture > [noun] civility1531 civilization1767 culture1860 1531 tr. E. Fox et al. Determinations Moste Famous Vniuersities vi. f. 129 Suche mariages, whiche..euen the cruell hethens and barbarous people, without all ciuilite hath for very honesties sake, euermore abhorred. 1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. Col. iii. f. vii^v Christ is..to the wylde and barbarous, ciuilitie. 1588 T. Hariot Briefe Rep. Virginia sig. E2(2) Whereby may bee hoped if meanes of good gouernment bee vsed, that they may in short time be brought to ciuilitie, and the imbracing of true religion. 1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. ii. viii. §1. 361 From them the Greekes, then barbarous, receiued Ciuilitie. a1661 T. Fuller Worthies (1662) Berks. 82 Cloth sure is of the same date with Civility in this Land. 1692 J. Ray Wisdom of God (ed. 2) i. 201 Metals and Minerals..necessary Instruments..of Culture and Civility. 1722 A. Nisbet Syst. Heraldry I. ii. iii. 268 One of their Progenitors assisted St. Patrick to propagate the christian Faith in Ireland, and to reduce the barbarous People there, to Civility and Christianity. 1775 S. Johnson Journey W. Islands 359 The progress of arts and civility. 1823 C. Lamb Mod. Gallantry in Elia 181 The nineteenth century of the era from which we date our civility. 1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits iv. 66 The foundations of the new civility were to be laid by the most savage men. 1881 J. H. Shorthouse John Inglesant (trade ed.) vii. 177 A brutal people destitute of civility. 1979 Shakespeare Q. 30 35 Arguing that the Virginia colonists would bring civility and Christianity to aid the savages in body and soul. 1992 M. P. Nichols Citizens & Statesmen i. 17 It is through founding..that human beings overcome their savage strife and assume the civility of which they are capable. †11. a. Culture, refinement, good breeding; cultured, refined, or scholarly education. Obsolete (archaic in later use). ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > branch of knowledge > humanistic studies > [noun] > polite learning, culture civility1557 furniture1560 politeness1627 ingenuitya1661 culturea1677 improvement1711 cultivation1797 sophistication1850 1557 Debellacion Salem & Bizance (new ed.) in Wks. Sir T. More 951/2 Me thinketh it somwhat more ciuilytye..a litle merely to mok him, then..seriouslye to preace vpon him. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 692 Well and honorably educated, and in all kind of ciuilitie brought vp. 1649 G. Langbaine Answer Vniv. Oxford 45 The Vniversities are the publique Nurseries of Religion, Piety, Learning, and Civility. 1660 Exact Accompt Trial Regicides 101 I am heartily sorry in respect you are Persons of great Civility and..of very good parts. 1704 J. Rawson Wisdom 7 Learning Arts and Civility had their beginning in the East. 1756 J. Warton Ess. on Pope I. iii. 184 Bring civility and learning into France. 1854 T. De Quincey Autobiogr. Sketches in Select. Grave & Gay II. 17 Our universities, all so many recurring centres of civility. b. A branch of the liberal arts; a division of culture. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > branch of knowledge > humanistic studies > [noun] > polite learning, culture > branch of civility1636 1636 H. Blount Voy. Levant 85 This Cyclopadia hath beene observed to runne from East, to West: Thus have most Civilities and Sciences come..from the Indian Gymnosophists, into Egypt; from thence into Greece, so into Italy. 1657 J. Howell Londinopolis 9 Young Gentlemen do so ply their studies in all kinds of sciences, and other civilities, besides the Law. 1672 Bp. J. Wilkins Of Princ. Nat. Relig. 184 They [sc. the Romans] had likewise spread their arts and civilities. 12. a. Behaviour or speech appropriate to civil interactions; politeness, courtesy, consideration. In later use frequently with negative overtones: the minimum degree of courtesy required in a social situation; absence of rudeness. Also in to show (also †do) civility. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > [noun] manshipOE metheOE courtesy?c1225 debonairty?c1225 gentrice?c1225 debonairshipa1240 hendlaika1250 fairnessc1275 hendiness?a1300 hendshipc1300 meeknessc1300 bonairty1303 bonairnessc1375 debonairness1382 humanityc1384 menskinga1400 hendnessc1400 comity1542 civilness1556 civility1561 courtshipa1640 discretion1752 1561 T. Norton tr. J. Calvin Inst. Christian Relig. iv. xx. f. 161 Y^t among Christians may be a common shew of religion, & among men may be manlike ciuilitie. 1581 G. Pettie tr. S. Guazzo Ciuile Conuersat. i. f. 38 Wee cannot oftentimes; nor ought not to faile in ciuilitie and curtesie, in respect only of our owne duetie. For wee are bound to resalute those which salute vs, bee they our inferiours or equals. a1616 W. Shakespeare Merry Wives of Windsor (1623) iv. ii. 23 Any madnesse..seem'd but tamenesse, ciuility, and patience to this his distemper he is in now. View more context for this quotation 1618 N. Field Amends for Ladies ii. sig. C3 v Fie seruant, you shew small ciuilitie And lesse humanitie. 1649 Bp. J. Taylor Great Exemplar ii. §10. 2 Jesus being invited, he went to do civility to the persons espoused. 1665 J. Glanvill Sciri Tuum: Authors Defense 75 in Scepsis Scientifica My Civility to this Learned Man obliged me to some Answer. 1716 Lady M. W. Montagu Let. 30 Aug. (1965) I. 256 The..Ladys..have..been to see me with great civility. 1751 S. Johnson Rambler No. 165. ⁋12 I must purchase by civility that regard which I had expected to enforce by insolence. 1762 tr. Country Seat II. 185 His Compliment to Mrs. Fortia did not want Politeness; and to her a Savage would show Civility. a1839 T. H. Bayly Songs, Ballads & Other Poems (1844) I. 148 I will deign to show civility, To the tip tops of gentility. 1843 W. H. Prescott Hist. Conquest Mexico III. vii. v. 341 A cold civility, which carried no conviction of its sincerity. 1855 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. IV. 31 He would not use the common forms of civility. 1904 Times 10 Sept. 5/2 Everywhere the people showed civility and friendliness. 1953 G. Heyer Cotillion xv. 247 She was obliged for civility's sake to dance several times. 1991 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 13 Aug. 26/1 Nixon often mistook civility for weakness, as one sees in his taped references to loyal followers as ‘candy asses’. b. Usually in plural. An act or expression appropriate to civilized behaviour; esp. an act or expression of politeness, a courtesy. Also in later use: an act or expression demonstrating a minimum degree of courtesy. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > courtesy > courteous act or expression > [noun] gentilessea1413 courtesya1475 humanitya1533 urbanities1630 courtship1631 civility1645 gallantry1673 complaisance1710 politeness1720 complacency1749 attention1752 customary1756 sensibility1795 personality1811 amenity1826 suavities1852 1645 H. Hammond View New Directory 50 It should be necessary, and tend to edification, not to pray such seasonable Prayers, heare, & impresse upon our hearts such seasonable Lessons,..to performe such laudable Christian Civilities. 1658 Sir T. Browne Hydriotaphia: Urne-buriall i. 12 These were not meere Pagan-Civilities. 1660 N. Ingelo Bentivolio & Urania iv. 180 To accept of a Civilty. 1708 J. Swift Accomplishm. of First of Mr. Bickerstaff's Predict. 2 I..said some other Civilities, suitable to the Occasion. 1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1772 I. 354 [Johnson:] We should have shewn his lady more civilities. 1819 T. Hope Anastasius (1820) II. ii. 43 The Schaich..bade me pass on, with the salutation of peace. This civility I most readily returned. 1859 Harper's Mag. Feb. 343/2 She never could make up her mind to be sociable with them, and exchange tea-drinking civilities. 1883 ‘G. Lloyd’ Ebb & Flow II. xxvii. 110 After a few more uneasy civilities on either side. 1919 ‘E. M. Delafield’ Consequences xvii. 204 It was true enough, Heaven knew, Alex thought drearily, as she addressed perfunctory and obviously absent-minded civilities to her mother's guests. 1949 J. Pope-Hennessy Monckton Milnes (1955) iv. 91 Their friendship was confined to breakfast-table civilities, and soon even these were remitted. 1992 Chatelaine (Canada) July 30/1 What I do appreciate about this loony-tunes country is that it is still a place where the small civilities are observed. †13. Propriety, decency. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > behaviour > good behaviour > [noun] > seemly behaviour or propriety seemlihead?a1366 honestya1398 comeliness1440 seemlihoodc1440 seemlityc1440 semblessea1500 seemliness1548 decentness1561 decorum?1571 handsomeness1595 civility1612 decency1682 exactness1683 elegance1686 propriety1753 thing1791 bienseancea1797 convenances1831 decorousness1834 the becoming1842 correctnessa1859 good (also bad) form1868 properness1873 correctitude1893 the done thing1917 the mind > attention and judgement > good taste > pleasing fitness > [noun] > seemliness or propriety seemlihead?a1366 honestya1398 comeliness1440 seemlityc1440 semblessea1500 elegance1540 seemliness1548 decency1584 handsomeness1595 civility1612 pickle1706 bienseancea1797 formality1834 1612 J. Webster White Divel i. ii Civility keeps them tied all day-time, but they are let loose at midnight. a1617 S. Hieron Penance for Sinne in Wks. (1620) II. 105 Common ciuilitie teacheth vs to choose our way, and not wilfully to runne in the durt. Compounds † civility money n. Obsolete money paid to bailiffs, jailers, etc., to secure goodwill or preferential treatment. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > payment for labour or service > fee for services rendered > [noun] > fee of professional person > jailer's fee bar-fee1641 civility money1694 jailage1853 1694 P. A. Motteux tr. F. Rabelais Pantagruel's Voy.: 4th Bk. Wks. iv. xiv. 62 To the Catchpole and his Bums he order'd four Ducats for Civility Money [Fr. A Chiquanous & ses Records furent quatre escus au Soleil donnez]. 1716 T. Baston Thoughts on Trade 101 Most, or all of these Goalers, purchase their Places, and give Civility Money to some body to wink at their Villanies and Murthers. 1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian ix, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. II. 224 No opposition was offered..either by the guards or door-keepers..one of the latter refused a shilling of civility-money, tendered him by the Laird of Dumbiedikes. 1869 H. W. Woolrych Lives Eminent Serjeants-at-Law 506 Here, unfortunately, the bailiffs began to abuse their prisoner. They called him names, and demanded three guineas for civility money. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.c1384
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