cochinealn.

/ˈkɒtʃɪniːl/

Forms: 1500s–1700s cochenille, cochinelle, 1600s–1700s cochineel, cochinele, cocheneal, cochenile, 1600s– cochineal; also 1600s cochenel(le, cochanele, cochoneel, cochinella, cochonillio; 1500s cuchinilla, 1600s cuchineel, cuchinile, cucheneale, cuchanel, coucheneele, couchenille; 1500s–1600s cutchenele, 1600s cutcheneale, cutchineale, cutchyneale, cutchaneale, cutchanel(e, cutchoneal(e; (1600s quitchineel, chochineel, scutchenel, etc.).

Etymology: < French cochenille, < Spanish cochinilla or Italian cocciniglia. The latter is evidently a derivative of Italian coccino, Latin coccinum scarlet robe or vesture, Italian coccineo, Latin coccineus scarlet-coloured, < coccum scarlet, ‘grain’, originally ‘berry’, in Italian cocco ‘graine to dye scarlet with’ (Florio). Spanish has also cochinilla ‘woodlouse’, diminutive of cochina ‘sow’, and it has been said that cochinilla ‘cochineal’ is the same word, from the resemblance of the dried cochineal insects to woodlice in the same state; but this is apparently a secondary association arising out of the fortuitous identity of the words.

1. A dye-stuff consisting of the dried bodies of the insect Coccus cacti, which is found on several species of cactus in Mexico and elsewhere. It is used for making carmine, and as a brilliant scarlet dye; also in medicine as an antispasmodic, etc.

It was at first commonly supposed to be the berry or grain of a plant: see coccus n., alkermes n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > red colouring matter > [noun] > dyes and dyestuffs

madderOE

grain1335

alkanet1343

Brazilc1386

crop-maddera1399

red-scarletc1400

alcanna?a1425

lac?c1425

madder root?c1450

incarnationa1475

jarecork1483

orchil1483

mull1507

orcanet1548

Bristol-red1551

red sanders1553

cochineal1582

safflower1583

chay1588

Pernambuco1595

red sanderswood1598

redwood1634

peach woodc1638

scarlet1653

mesteque1667

bow-dye1676

sylvester1697

corkir1703

gamene1703

orchilla1703

crap1721

saffranon1731

kino1788

Turkey red1789

lizary1791

granilla1812

munjeet1813

rubiate1835

orcein1838

purpurin1839

ruby wood1843

sassafrid1852

aal1853

pink salt1853

magenta1860

fuchsine1865

paeonin1865

safranine1868

corallin1873

marina1874

Magdala red1875

alizarin1878

eosin1879

Turkey red oil1879

roccelline1880

ponceau1885

amarant1888

phloxine1890

hypernic1897

Turkish red1900

Lithol red1930

1582 in R. Hakluyt Diuers Voy. sig. K2 The berrie of Cochenile or any Roote, Berrie, Fruite..or earth..fitte for dying.

1592 A. Day 2nd Pt. Eng. Secretorie sig. A2^v, in Eng. Secretorie (rev. ed.) I haue laden for your accoumpt..fiue Roues of Cochinely, very excellent good, and of fine colour.

1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Cociniglia, a kinde of rich flie or graine comming out of India to dye scarlet with, called Cutchenele.

1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies iv. xxiii. 275 Small wormes breede in the leaves of this tree..this is that Indian Cochenille, so famous, and wherewith they die in graine.

1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. i. 291 There growes vntild the ruddie Cochenel.

1624 J. Smith Gen. Hist. Virginia vi. 225 Wee..tooke her with..fiftie Chests of Cutchanele.

a1640 J. Fletcher et al. Beggers Bush i. iii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Kk3/2 Indico, Quitchineel, choise Chyna stuffs.

1681 J. Oldham Satyrs upon Jesuits 27 And truck'd for Indigo, and Cutchineal.

1702 London Gaz. No. 3863/3 The Dixwell Ketch..richly laden with Cochenile, Coco, Logwood, etc.

1822 T. Webster Imison's Elem. Sci. & Art (new ed.) II. 186 Wool is died Scarlet..by Cochineal.

1861 E. B. Tylor Anahuac ix. 227 Vanilla and cochineal were first found in Mexico.

2. The colour of cochineal-dye, scarlet.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > [noun] > shades of red > bright red or scarlet

cockea1382

coccyn1382

coctin1382

vermiliona1400

scarlet-redc1405

sinoper1412

scarletc1440

sinople?c1450

vermeletc1530

lusty gallant1587

vermeil1590

vermeil red1590

minium1601

cinnabar?1614

cochineal1632

poppy red1679

poppy colour1705

cherry-colour1720

ponceau1782

Turkey red1789

pinkc1791

coquelicot1795

poppy1796

cherry-red1802

vermilion-red1815

cardinal scarlet1828

geranium1842

dahlia1846

cardinal red1850

cerise1858

cardinal1874

scarlet-crimson1882

vermilion-scarlet1882

pillar box1894

Turkish red1900

signal red1909

fuchsia1923

1632 P. Massinger Maid of Honour v. i. sig. K4 And I..Will have my points of Cucchineale and yellow.

3. The insect ( Coccus cacti) which produces this dye; more fully cochineal-insect.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > subclass Pterygota > [noun] > division Exopterygota or Hemimetabola > order Hemiptera > suborder Homoptera > family Coccidae or genus Coccus > coccus cacti (cochineal)

cochineal1697

1594 T. Blundeville Exercises v. xi. f. 261 The chiefe Merchandizes that come from Mexicana into Europe are..Cochenilles, to die with.

1602 N. Breton Poste with Madde Packet Lett. I. sig. D3^v I haue sent you likewise, a Tunne of Cuchiniles.]

1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World viii. 228 The Cochineel is an Insect, bred in a sort of Fruit much like the Prickle Pear.

1730 W. Rutty Cochineal in Philos. Trans. 1729–30 (Royal Soc.) 36 268 The Curious may be now assured of a Thing which has been very uncertain for so many Years, that the Cochineals were really little Animals.

1764 J. Grainger Sugar-cane ii. 63 Thus cochinille Feeds on the Indian fig.

1861 R. T. Hulme tr. C. H. Moquin-Tandon Elements Med. Zool. ii. iii. i. 71 The principal care which is required in rearing the Cochineals.

1870 J. Yeats Nat. Hist. Commerce 344 The cochineal insect is small, rugose, and of a deep mulberry colour.

4. cochineal fig: the cactus-plant, Opuntia (Nopalea) cochinillifera, on which the cochineal-insect feeds. Also cochineal-tree.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fodder plants > [noun] > cochineal cactus

nopal1578

fig1582

cochineal-tree1697

cochineal fig1785

1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World v. 124 The Friers get plentiful incomes..in other places where they plant Cochoneel Trees.

1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. xxi. 295 The Cochineal Fig, on which the insect of that name feeds.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online September 2021).

单词	cochineal
释义	cochinealn. /ˈkɒtʃɪniːl/ Forms: 1500s–1700s cochenille, cochinelle, 1600s–1700s cochineel, cochinele, cocheneal, cochenile, 1600s– cochineal; also 1600s cochenel(le, cochanele, cochoneel, cochinella, cochonillio; 1500s cuchinilla, 1600s cuchineel, cuchinile, cucheneale, cuchanel, coucheneele, couchenille; 1500s–1600s cutchenele, 1600s cutcheneale, cutchineale, cutchyneale, cutchaneale, cutchanel(e, cutchoneal(e; (1600s quitchineel, chochineel, scutchenel, etc.). Etymology: < French cochenille, < Spanish cochinilla or Italian cocciniglia. The latter is evidently a derivative of Italian coccino, Latin coccinum scarlet robe or vesture, Italian coccineo, Latin coccineus scarlet-coloured, < coccum scarlet, ‘grain’, originally ‘berry’, in Italian cocco ‘graine to dye scarlet with’ (Florio). Spanish has also cochinilla ‘woodlouse’, diminutive of cochina ‘sow’, and it has been said that cochinilla ‘cochineal’ is the same word, from the resemblance of the dried cochineal insects to woodlice in the same state; but this is apparently a secondary association arising out of the fortuitous identity of the words. 1. A dye-stuff consisting of the dried bodies of the insect Coccus cacti, which is found on several species of cactus in Mexico and elsewhere. It is used for making carmine, and as a brilliant scarlet dye; also in medicine as an antispasmodic, etc. It was at first commonly supposed to be the berry or grain of a plant: see coccus n., alkermes n. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > red colouring matter > [noun] > dyes and dyestuffs madderOE grain1335 alkanet1343 Brazilc1386 crop-maddera1399 red-scarletc1400 alcanna?a1425 lac?c1425 madder root?c1450 incarnationa1475 jarecork1483 orchil1483 mull1507 orcanet1548 Bristol-red1551 red sanders1553 cochineal1582 safflower1583 chay1588 Pernambuco1595 red sanderswood1598 redwood1634 peach woodc1638 scarlet1653 mesteque1667 bow-dye1676 sylvester1697 corkir1703 gamene1703 orchilla1703 crap1721 saffranon1731 kino1788 Turkey red1789 lizary1791 granilla1812 munjeet1813 rubiate1835 orcein1838 purpurin1839 ruby wood1843 sassafrid1852 aal1853 pink salt1853 magenta1860 fuchsine1865 paeonin1865 safranine1868 corallin1873 marina1874 Magdala red1875 alizarin1878 eosin1879 Turkey red oil1879 roccelline1880 ponceau1885 amarant1888 phloxine1890 hypernic1897 Turkish red1900 Lithol red1930 1582 in R. Hakluyt Diuers Voy. sig. K2 The berrie of Cochenile or any Roote, Berrie, Fruite..or earth..fitte for dying. 1592 A. Day 2nd Pt. Eng. Secretorie sig. A2^v, in Eng. Secretorie (rev. ed.) I haue laden for your accoumpt..fiue Roues of Cochinely, very excellent good, and of fine colour. 1598 J. Florio Worlde of Wordes Cociniglia, a kinde of rich flie or graine comming out of India to dye scarlet with, called Cutchenele. 1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies iv. xxiii. 275 Small wormes breede in the leaves of this tree..this is that Indian Cochenille, so famous, and wherewith they die in graine. 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. ii. i. 291 There growes vntild the ruddie Cochenel. 1624 J. Smith Gen. Hist. Virginia vi. 225 Wee..tooke her with..fiftie Chests of Cutchanele. a1640 J. Fletcher et al. Beggers Bush i. iii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Kk3/2 Indico, Quitchineel, choise Chyna stuffs. 1681 J. Oldham Satyrs upon Jesuits 27 And truck'd for Indigo, and Cutchineal. 1702 London Gaz. No. 3863/3 The Dixwell Ketch..richly laden with Cochenile, Coco, Logwood, etc. 1822 T. Webster Imison's Elem. Sci. & Art (new ed.) II. 186 Wool is died Scarlet..by Cochineal. 1861 E. B. Tylor Anahuac ix. 227 Vanilla and cochineal were first found in Mexico. 2. The colour of cochineal-dye, scarlet. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > named colours > red or redness > [noun] > shades of red > bright red or scarlet cockea1382 coccyn1382 coctin1382 vermiliona1400 scarlet-redc1405 sinoper1412 scarletc1440 sinople?c1450 vermeletc1530 lusty gallant1587 vermeil1590 vermeil red1590 minium1601 cinnabar?1614 cochineal1632 poppy red1679 poppy colour1705 cherry-colour1720 ponceau1782 Turkey red1789 pinkc1791 coquelicot1795 poppy1796 cherry-red1802 vermilion-red1815 cardinal scarlet1828 geranium1842 dahlia1846 cardinal red1850 cerise1858 cardinal1874 scarlet-crimson1882 vermilion-scarlet1882 pillar box1894 Turkish red1900 signal red1909 fuchsia1923 1632 P. Massinger Maid of Honour v. i. sig. K4 And I..Will have my points of Cucchineale and yellow. 3. The insect ( Coccus cacti) which produces this dye; more fully cochineal-insect. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > subclass Pterygota > [noun] > division Exopterygota or Hemimetabola > order Hemiptera > suborder Homoptera > family Coccidae or genus Coccus > coccus cacti (cochineal) cochineal1697 1594 T. Blundeville Exercises v. xi. f. 261 The chiefe Merchandizes that come from Mexicana into Europe are..Cochenilles, to die with. 1602 N. Breton Poste with Madde Packet Lett. I. sig. D3^v I haue sent you likewise, a Tunne of Cuchiniles.] 1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World viii. 228 The Cochineel is an Insect, bred in a sort of Fruit much like the Prickle Pear. 1730 W. Rutty Cochineal in Philos. Trans. 1729–30 (Royal Soc.) 36 268 The Curious may be now assured of a Thing which has been very uncertain for so many Years, that the Cochineals were really little Animals. 1764 J. Grainger Sugar-cane ii. 63 Thus cochinille Feeds on the Indian fig. 1861 R. T. Hulme tr. C. H. Moquin-Tandon Elements Med. Zool. ii. iii. i. 71 The principal care which is required in rearing the Cochineals. 1870 J. Yeats Nat. Hist. Commerce 344 The cochineal insect is small, rugose, and of a deep mulberry colour. 4. cochineal fig: the cactus-plant, Opuntia (Nopalea) cochinillifera, on which the cochineal-insect feeds. Also cochineal-tree. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular fodder plants > [noun] > cochineal cactus nopal1578 fig1582 cochineal-tree1697 cochineal fig1785 1697 W. Dampier New Voy. around World v. 124 The Friers get plentiful incomes..in other places where they plant Cochoneel Trees. 1785 T. Martyn tr. J.-J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. xxi. 295 The Cochineal Fig, on which the insect of that name feeds. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online September 2021). < n.1582
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