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单词 committal
释义

committaln.

Brit. /kəˈmɪtl/, U.S. /kəˈmɪdl/
Forms: 1600s committall, 1600s– committal, 1700s 1900s– commital.
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: commit v., -al suffix1.
Etymology: < commit v. + -al suffix1. Compare earlier commitment n., committance n., and committing n.
1. The action of committing a crime, sin, error, etc.; = commission n.1 10.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > doing > [noun] > of something bad
perpetrationc1429
committing1463
commissionc1485
commitment1611
perpetrating1615
committal1616
the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > wrongful deed > [noun] > performance of
committing1463
commissionc1485
commitment1611
committal1616
1616 T. Beard Retractiue from Romish Relig. i. 16 This Auricular enumeration and Romish shrift..cannot but animate men to the committall of sinne.
1625 J. Ussher Answer to Jesuite 249 The committall of those smaller faultes.
1728 Bp. P. Browne Procedure Human Understanding ii. vi. 227 An..internal Sensation of Remorse on the Committal of wicked Actions.
1782 G. R. Fitzgerald Appeal to Public 447 He had committed a Rape upon a Child..and previous to the actual committal of it, he had with his knife ripped open a certain part of the Child's body.
1856 Sat. Rev. 2 289/2 The Bishop of London's..committal of a flagrant..breach of the Church's law.
1886 R. Davey in Antiquary Mar. 122/1 The committal of that awful crime.
1906 Motor-car Jrnl. 10 Nov. 783 The duty of the police is..to preserve the lives and property of the public, and prevent the committal of criminal acts.
1977 Times 27 July 12/2 His case was not based on the committal of offence plus a refusal to prosecute; it was based on a right to take preventive action in a civil court.
2006 Callaloo 29 263 A time when she had done the wrong thing, not the committal of a criminal act, nothing so extreme, but a little thing like an evil thought.
2.
a.
(a) The action or an act of placing a person in custody or detention, esp. as a punishment or while awaiting trial; commitment to a place of incarceration, correction, etc.; imprisonment, detention. Cf. commitment n. 1a(a).
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > arrest > [noun] > custody > consigning to
commitment1579
committal1617
1617 F. Moryson Itinerary ii. iii. i. 240 Tybot ne long hath grieuously complained to me, of the committall of his Cosen Dauye Bourke.
1691 W. King State Protestants of Ireland iii. 92 This general Confinement continued..during all which time, no Reason or Ground of their Committal was given.
1765 Ann. Reg. 1764 i. v. 19/1 The committal to the tower..was employed to excite terror, and to swell the popular alarm.
1799 Senator 24 530 A bill of Indemnity would be necessary to be passed, not only as to those who had signed the warrants of committal, but as to the officers who executed them, and the gaolers who received them.
1823 New Monthly Mag. 9 433/2 The committals to prison.
1860 J. A. Froude Hist. Eng. (ed. 2) V. 61 His arbitrary committal had no pretext of law for it.
1881 Daily News 13 Apr. 5/4 The committal, trial, and conviction of his wife.
1927 Irish Monthly 55 303 Not a fortnight after her committal to prison.
1996 P. Wilde Which? Guide to Renting & Letting (rev. ed.) ix. 142 The court..has power to order a fine instead of committal and to suspend the operation of a committal order.
2013 Daily Mirror (Nexis) 29 Dec. (Features section) 2 The number of people sent to prison will be significantly down this year, marking a reversal of years of record levels of committals.
(b) The action of placing a person in an institution (now esp. a psychiatric hospital) for care or treatment; esp. the action of causing a person to be compulsorily detained in such an institution. Also: the state of being so detained; the period of detention. Cf. commitment n. 1a(b).
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > [noun] > entrusting to another's care or keeping > putting incapable person into another's care
committor1692
committal1794
commitment1826
1794 Scots Mag. June 350/2 He thought a committal to bedlam and not to a state prison the proper punishment.
1845 Indexes to Rep. Irish Poor Law Commissioners 1835–9 310 in Parl. Papers H. C. 40 XLIII. 1 Provision..for the apprehension and committal to the workhouse of beggars found to have diseases dangerous to the inhabitants.
1884 Times 15 Oct. 4/6 The committal of an habitual inebriate to a retreat for curative treatment.
1908 Ont. Law Rep. 15 245 The certificates of the medical men on which the committal to the asylum was made are defective.
1992 P. Theroux Happy Isles Oceania xix. 526 The central part of the book concerns her committal to an asylum.
2000 Punch 13 Dec. 14/2 I fear that, unless these delusional creatures take their medication, permanent committal to a place of safety for the protection of others is inevitable.
b. concrete. A warrant or order for the imprisonment or detention of a person. Cf. commitment n. 1b. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > process, writ, warrant, or order > [noun] > writ > writs ordering imprisonment
commandment1590
commitment1646
committal1760
detainer1836
1760 Life & Adventures of Cat 41 To demand the committal in writing.
1837 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers xxv. 257 I shall commit that man, for contempt. Make out his committal, Mr. Jinks.
1844 ‘Capt. Prout’ Bob Norberry v. 70 I shall sign the committal..and the poor unfortunate man must be at once removed to the lunatic side of Newgate, as the place best suited to him.
1898 App. Jrnls. House of Representatives N.Z. (3rd Sess. 13th Parl.) II. G.–2. 34 He had drawn up the committal in accordance with the minute which was made.
1920 Act 10 Geo. V c. 7 §15 A superior military authority may..direct that a committal to prison or detention barracks shall not be issued until his orders have been obtained.
3. The action of engaging in or commencing hostilities; = commitment n. 5. Obsolete.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > [noun] > commencement of
commitment1645
committal1772
engaging1803
1772 Ann. Reg. 1771 11/1 The actual committal of hostilities.
1823 Oriental Mag. Sept. 215 The gates were to be open in time of war, and shut during peace; for the ceremony of opening them is understood to have been prescribed with the view of retarding the actual committal of hostilities.
1836 New Monthly Mag. Aug. 495 The virtual declaration of war and actual committal of hostilities commenced on the part of England.
4. The action or an act of referring a matter, issue, etc., to another person or group for consideration; spec. (a) the action or an act of referring a legislative or parliamentary bill, motion, resolution, etc., for consideration by a committee; (b) the action or an act of referring a person or case for trial by a court, magistrate, etc. Cf. commit v. 5.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > legislation > [noun] > referring to committee
committing1463
commitment?1601
committal1779
1779 Jrnls. House of Lords Ireland III. Index sig. 10F2/2 On the Committal of the Bill for the more effectual preventing clandestine Marriages.
1797 London Chron. 13 June 570/2 Several Delegates..are now under examination at the New Tavern previous to their committal for trial.
1818 Parl. Deb. 1st Ser. 38 1415 Between the second reading of the bill and its committal in the house.
1854 Morning Post 14 Aug. 6/3 The papers are under consideration, preparatory to the committal of the case for trial at the ensuing criminal session.
1869 Nonconformist 6 Jan. 13/1 The prompt committal of the affair to Admiral Keppel for settlement.
1922 Canad. Criminal Cases Annotated 37 328 In that case, there was no preliminary investigation and no committal for trial by a magistrate.
1949 S. W. Souers Draft Memorandum 9 June in Foreign Relations of U.S. (1974) IX. 348 The last and third alternative is an immediate committal of the problem of Formosa to the United Nations.
1958 Court Criminal Appeal (Lexis) 21 Apr. The Administration of Justice Act 1933 abolished grand juries and substituted for presentments to grand juries committal for trial by magistrates.
2003 Afr. News (Nexis) 25 June Before the committal of the Bill to the committee, Hon. Harry had charged the committee to liaise with the Nigeria Police..and other stakeholders for their contributions.
5. The action or an act of placing something in the care or custody of another; the action of entrusting or commending to another's charge. Cf. commit v. 2.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > safety > protection or defence > care, protection, or charge > [noun] > entrusting to another's care or keeping
fastingeOE
recommendation1483
commendation1583
committance1593
commitment1602
entrustment1634
entrusting1642
betrust1656
committal1802
1802 Crit. Rev. Aug. 467 The preacher's joy manifests itself in effusions, which, however gratifying to his audience, scarcely deserved a committal to the press.
1844 H. J. Van Lennep Let. 27 Sept. in L. F. Hawes Mem. Mrs Mary E. Van Lennep (1847) xiii. 327 Her entire confidence in Christ, and her full committal of all her friends into his hands.
1858 R. C. Trench Parables 197 The solemn committal..of such a charge to the Priests and Levites.
1908 J. W. Bashford New Chapters on Awakening China ii. 11 The selection of the Methodist Episcopal Church, and the committal to us of this important task of representing Christianity among the young men who are to be among the future leaders of China.
1957 Columbia Law Rev. 57 74 If..the employer takes unilateral action in reliance on the committal of the matter to his discretion, the only question presented is whether the action taken is within the confines of the conferred power.
1990 H. N. Wright Quiet Times for Couples 298 A direct, once-and-for-all committal to God of all anxiety or worry.
6. The action of consigning or relegating something to a place, state, etc., decisively, permanently, or with lasting effect; spec. the action of committing a body to the grave. Cf. commit v. 7.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > death > disposal of corpse > burial > [noun] > action of committing body to grave
committal1823
1823 ‘W. Butterworth’ Three Years Adventures of Minor iii. 51 Another signal announced the committal to the water; the corpse was accordingly immersed therein.
1828 C. W. Vane Narr. Peninsular War x. 210 The blowing up of ammunition-waggons, the destruction of intenching tools, and the committal to the flames of the field-equipments for a whole division.
1854 Chambers's Jrnl. 1 207/1 The committal to the grave..did not complete the funeral obsequies.
1892 Cornhill Mag. Dec. 610 There are, doubtless, many epistolary relics of the Lambs..which, had they proceeded from the pen of an obscure or uninteresting person, might be in danger of committal to the waste-basket.
1903 Illustr. London News 3 Jan. 6/2 The Bishop of Winchester pronounced the words of committal.
1912 ‘Q’ Hocken & Huncken (1913) v. 53 It suggested a miniature coffin draped and ready for committal to the deep.
2002 Church Times 15 Feb. 1/1 The..funeral takes place today... The committal is due to follow at Slough Crematorium.
7.
a. The action of memorizing or learning information, etc., so as to be able to recall it from memory without assistance. Cf. commit v. 6b.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > memory > retention in the mind > memorization > [noun]
memorization1816
committal1824
memorizing1890
1824 Glasgow Mechanics' Mag. 2 Oct. 169/1 The multiplication table presents a formidable obstacle to their further progress; and this must be overcome by dint of close application to the dry committal to memory of the several products of the digits.
1830 Fraser's Mag. 1 243 A careful committal to the memory of the..ladies alphabeted in Clayton's Court Guide.
1894 Man. Free High Schools Wisconsin (ed. 2) 75 The dry and formal committal of a text is a waste of time.
1899 D. C. Peel Ten Shillings a Head iv. 61 Her education must begin by the committal to heart of the following rules.
1909 M. T. Lamb Making of Man vii. 154 An average child with an average memory could commit the entire Bible to memory in three years' time and spend only a portion of each day in such committal.
1995 Jrnl. Med. Ethics 21 307/2 The more didactic approach of traditional courses which focus almost exclusively on presenting current content for committal to memory.
b. The action of recording or preserving in writing, or by some other means. Cf. commit v. 6a.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > record > written record > [noun] > action of recording in writing
recordationa1500
entrance1588
reportinga1626
calendaring1671
entry1712
recordal1822
committal1833
chalking1849
paperwork1861
chronicling1863
overbooking1902
rapportage1903
notarization1930
1833 Standard 6 June 1/4 The committal to paper of what on each occasion had been agreed upon.
1841 G. S. Faber Provinc. Lett. (1844) II. 319 The actual committal of Liturgies to writing.
1893 Athenæum 1 July 33/2 The circumstance that Sir William Fraser finds heartburn to be cured by a slice of pineapple seems hardly worth committal to print.
1927 Proc. Royal Irish Acad. 1924–7 C. 37 94 The actual committal to writing taking place early in 1149.
1971 Times 11 Sept. 7/6 There was usually a gap between the incident described and its committal to paper.
2004 Sunday Times (Nexis) 26 Dec. (Features section) 2 No collaborators, no engineers, no string arrangers, nobody whatsoever stood between this anguished, angry explosion..and its committal to tape.
8. The action or an act of assigning, pledging, or devoting resources to a particular purpose or project, esp. (in later use) military troops to a particular conflict or operation. Cf. commit v. 16.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > possession > giving > distributing or dealing out > [noun] > assigning or allotting
signmentc1425
lotting1449
assignmenta1464
repartition1555
enterpartening1556
allotment?1571
assigning1580
stalment1581
assignation1600
applotment1633
applotting1642
allocation1721
cavelling1805
committal1832
1832 True Sun 1 Nov. The superfluity they [sc. writers] put into their works may be looked upon as..mere relish in what they are about, which is a very silly committal of their energies.
1877 Daily Leader (Bloomington, Illinois) 28 Dec. Urging each and all to a thorough and entire committal of their time and energies to the work confided to them by the people.
1917 Los Angeles Times 10 Dec. ii. 3/1 To the soldier who gives his all, the civilian must answer with the committal of his money.
1942 Dunkirk (N.Y.) Evening Observer 13 Apr. 3/7 (headline) Bulgaria refuses to make committals of troops to Russia.
1995 Local Govt. Chron. (Nexis) 4 Oct. The money would come from a committal of funds for a further two years to add to that already committed over the next four years.
2013 A. L. Hargreaves Special Operations in World War II iii. 125 Specialist formations often transcended strategic debates about the committal of forces.
9. The action or an act of committing oneself to a course of action, policy, etc.; the making of a commitment. Also: the result of this; a commitment, an undertaking. Cf. commitment n. 6a.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > [noun] > obligation or commitment
seala1300
obligationc1325
commitment1789
committal1835
1835 Tait's Edinb. Mag. New Ser. 2 378 ‘Do not put pen to paper—do not commit yourself.’ And what does this apprehension of committal imply, but that verbal asseverations are safe, because so easy of denial?
1891 ‘H. S. Merriman’ Prisoners & Captives I. ix. 182 An acceptance of the invitation was..in no degree a committal to enter into the scheme.
1905 Leather Workers' Jrnl. Dec. 209/1 A committal to the doctrine that ‘Might is right’, is also a committal to the doctrine that ‘Sight is might’.
1953 Jrnl. Royal Soc. 2 Oct. 813 The public character of this presentation, its formal, almost ritual atmosphere, and the organization involved, all show the serious committal to community purpose which marks so many of the large-scale economic enterprises of the New Guinea people.
1999 R. Hursthouse On Virtue Ethics (2002) i. iii. 82 It is surprisingly common to find virtue ethics, given its committal to the 'primacy of character', treated as though it maintained that the concepts of the virtuous and vicious agent were the only pieces of conceptual apparatus relevant to moral philosophy.

Compounds

C1.
a. General attributive (in sense 2), as committal order, committal papers, committal warrant, etc.See also committal hearing n., committal proceeding n. at Compounds 2.
ΚΠ
1848 Essex Standard 22 Sept. The defendant not appearing, a committal order was granted.
1861 Freeman's Jrnl. (Dublin) 16 Apr. The Coroner..then made out a committal warrant, under which Barker and his wife were given into custody.
1878 Liverpool Mercury 3 May 6/5 The case list contained 337 fresh cases, and 33 committal applications.
1884 Biddeford (Maine) Daily Jrnl. 15 July Mrs. Breen..will be taken to Alfred [for trial]..as soon as the city marshal can secure her committal papers.
1934 Hartford (Connecticut) Courant 12 Dec. 1/4 The committal papers had been issued by Judge Nelson J. Ayling... The State Hospital is an institution for the insane.
1963 T. Morris & P. Morris Pentonville v. 103 A prisoner-clerk in Pentonville..handles all the papers including the committal warrants.
2004 A. Reeves Give me your Money vi. 121 In some situations it may be difficult for the court bailiff to serve a committal order or to make an arrest.
b. General attributive (in sense 6), as committal ceremony, committal prayer, committal sentences, committal service, etc.
ΚΠ
1863 All Year Round 19 Sept. 94/2 Nobody can be buried in conscrated ground unless the ‘committal service’ is read by a clergyman of the Church of England.
1886 Pall Mall Gaz. 6 Oct. 9/1 The body was interred in the ante-chapel, where the committal prayers were said by the Vice-Master.
1892 Daily News 15 Nov. 3/4 The lesson was read by the Rev. A. Majendie, and the committal sentences by the Rev. Dr. Yule.
1906 Times 6 Sept. 5/1 The committal ceremony was brief, for there was no service in the churchyard.
1915 N. Amer. Rev. May 729 The rector stumbled through the committal prayers.
1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 13 Feb. 35/5 (advt.) Committal service Wednesday afternoon at 2 o'clock at Nassagaweya Church Cemetery, Campbellville.
2010 T. Jokinen Curtains ix. 108 People gather at the graveside for a committal ceremony.
C2.
committal hearing n. Law (now chiefly British and Australian) a preliminary hearing to determine whether a case should be committed to a higher court for trial.In British law, committal hearings in magistrates' courts for trial by jury at the Crown Court were abolished in all local justice areas in 2013.
ΚΠ
1898 W. A. Fraser in Morning Oregonian (Portland, Oregon) 27 Feb. 19/3 [He] was brought up before the commissioner for a committal hearing, as it were, charged with stealing the sacred ruby.
1907 Constit. (Atlanta, Ga.) 23 Nov. 8/3 He was given a committal hearing and bound over to superior court, his bond being fixed at $500.
1952 Times 1 Nov. 3/3 The Director of Public Prosecutions would be ready to go on with the committal hearing on November 5.
1968 Canberra Times 21 June 12/9 At the committal hearing, Palmer..said he was not guilty and reserved his defence.
1977 New Scientist 24 Nov. 468/1 From..the evidence heard publicly during the committal hearings.., the implications of this are deeply disturbing.
2011 J. Assange Unauthorised Autobiogr. vi. 100 By the time of the committal hearing in Melbourne Magistrates' Court, my mind was blown apart.
committal proceeding n. Law (now chiefly British and Australian) (chiefly in plural) = committal hearing n.
ΚΠ
1889 Times of India 14 Mar. 3/5 The accused..made a full confession, which he affirmed at the committal proceedings a week later.
1896 Syracuse (N.Y.) Herald 25 May 5/3 The legal representatives of the crown have..a budget of evidence for use against Dr. Jameson.., and committal proceedings will be closed in Bow Street by the middle of June.
1922 Times 9 Jan. 11/6 The committal proceedings..would assume a very different aspect from that which they wear under the grand jury system.
1957 Manch. Guardian 2 May 2/7 After the committal proceedings were over facts came to light which..did not support the view put forward in the magistrates' court.
1975 Canberra Times 22 Nov. 3/5 A magistrate would hear the case in a committal proceeding and would determine whether there was a prima facie case to answer.
2001 H. Bonner Kind of Wild Justice (2002) xi. 244 They had to pay O'Donnell's legal fees as well as their own... The total bill, even though the case had not got beyond committal proceedings, could well end up approaching £100,000 or so.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

committaladj.

Brit. /kəˈmɪtl/, U.S. /kəˈmɪdl/
Origin: Formed within English, by derivation. Etymons: commit v., -al suffix1.
Etymology: < commit v. + -al suffix1, probably after non-committal adj. Compare earlier committal n.
That commits to a course of action, policy, etc.; that gives a commitment or undertaking; given to or characterized by commitment. Also of words, actions, etc.: implying a commitment or undertaking. Cf. non-committal adj.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > speech > agreement > promise > [adjective] > binding
faithfula1500
committal1843
1843 U.S. Catholic Mag. July 448/1 One thing is certain that these ministers are not so committal as their brethren on this side of the Atlantic.
1884 Punch 9 Feb. 62 A candid opinion on this point is extremely committal.
1961 Times Lit. Suppl. 6 Jan. 6/2 Sir George believes in being suggestive without being committal.
2006 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 23 Apr. viii. 6/4 Harvick's contract is up at the end of the year, and before Friday, neither he nor Childress had been committal on their future together.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2015; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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n.1616adj.1843
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