communistn.adj.

Brit.

/ˈkɒmjᵿnɪst/, U.S.

/ˈkɑmjənəst/

Origin: A borrowing from French; partly modelled on a German lexical item. Etymon: French communiste.

Etymology: < French communiste, adjective and noun (1840 in sense ‘advocate or adherent of the theory of communism’ (see sense A. 1); 1870 in sense ‘supporter of the Paris Commune of 1871’ (see sense A. 3): see below) < commun common adj. + -iste -ist suffix. In senses B. 2 and A. 2 after German Kommunist (1845 in Marx and Engels in the passages translated in quot. 1850 at sense B. 2 and quot. 1850 at sense A. 2; 1840 in sense A. 1; < French communiste ; probably via English). Compare Russian kommunističeskij , adjective (1865 as †komunističeskij , in sense B. 1; 1900 (in a translation of the source cited in quot. 1850 at sense B. 2) or earlier in sense B. 2), kommunist , noun (1865 as †komunist″ , in sense A. 1; 1900 (in a translation of the source cited in quot. 1850 at sense B. 2) or earlier in sense A. 2). Compare communism n. Compare also socialist n., socialist adj.French communiste was used earlier (1769) with reference to participants in the collective possession of land (mortmain). The French term was also used for other kinds of collective ownership in the late 18th cent., e.g. with reference to the right of pasturing animals on common land (1789). It was also used from at least the 1830s to refer to adherents of François-Noël Babeuf (1760–97), militant French revolutionary. Coinage of the term in the sense ‘advocate or adherent of the theory of communism’ has been variously attributed to Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (1809–65), French editor, politician, and social theorist ( P.-J. Proudhon Qu'est-ce que la propriété? (1840) 326) and Étienne Cabet (1788–1856), French philosopher ( É. Cabet Comment je suis communiste (1840)). Both seem to have arrived at the term independently in 1840. For a full discussion of the origins and development of French communiste (and related terms) see Geschichtliche Grundbegriffe III. at Kommunismus. Compare also discussion at communism n. Compare also post-classical Latin communistae (16th cent. in an unrelated use denoting members of a religious community who practise a communal form of living).

A. n.

1. Also with capital initial. An advocate or adherent of the theory of communism (communism n. 1). Also in extended use.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > socialism > [noun] > non-Marxist or Leninist communism > adherent of

communist1840

1840 Morning Chron. 13 July 2/7 The Communists have their meetings, and the Radical Reformers, who do not go the length of an agrarian law, dine together in numbers.

1843 J. G. Barmby in New Age & Concordium Gaz. 1 Dec. 132 The Communist..gives it [sc. the Communion Table] a higher signification, by holding it as a type of that holy millenial communitive life.

a1849 E. Elliott More Verse & Prose (1850) I. 72 What is a communist? One who hath yearnings For equal division of unequal earnings: Idler, or bungler, or both, he is willing To fork out his penny, and pocket your shilling.

1871 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues IV. 112 The citizens, if not actually communists, are..in spirit communistic.

1886 P. Robinson Valley Teetotum Trees 84 The sparrow is accused as being ‘a bird of bad habits and of infamous character..a communist and a polygamist’.

1927 Enemy No. 2. 52 For he [sc. D.H. Lawrence] is the natural communist , as it were, as distinguished from the indoctrinated or theoretic one.

1957 S. Bellow in Holiday Sept. 103/1 Into these came a band of French Communists, the Icarians, led by Étienne Cabet.

1980 Blair & Ketchum's Country Jrnl. Oct. 67/1 It includes..neo-Jeffersonians, back-to-the-landers, whole-earthers, communists, and neopioneers seeking to revive old country ways.

1999 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 7 Oct. 4/4 There were scriptural communists with secular dreams prompted by mystical origins.

2. spec. Frequently with capital initial. An adherent or supporter of Communism (communism n. 2).Used in a more general derogatory sense by some speakers and writers, esp. in the context of the Cold War, to denote any person regarded as opposing or antagonistic to the prevailing capitalist system; esp. a supporter of revolutionary or left-wing policies. Cf. McCarthyism n.Crypto-, parlour, Young Communist, etc.: see first element.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > communism > [noun] > adherent of

communist1850

red flagger1886

redshirt1889

red ragger1909

commie1928

red1928

Commo1941

1850 H. Macfarlane tr. Marx & Engels's Manifesto of German Communist Party in Red Republican 23 Nov. 181/3 The Communists might resume their whole Theory in that single expression—The abolition of private property.

1919 I. Ferguson tr. K. G. Rakovsky et al. Manifesto Communist Internat. in Sedition: Hearing before Comm. Judiciary (House of Representatives: 66th Congr., 2nd Session) 64 We Communists, representatives of the revolutionary proletariat.

1955 H. Hodgkinson Doubletalk 32 A Communist, in Soviet eyes, is a person who unreservedly accepts the leadership of the Soviet Communist Party.

1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 17 Feb. 29/4 I also knew we would be called Communists because that is the final insult which can be used by people on this continent who would try to destroy an organization.

1992 New Republic 4 May 35/3 Though a staunch Marxist, Thompson felt driven to target his most piercing polemics against fellow Communists.

2007 Daily News (S. Afr.) (Nexis) 23 July (News) 8 It is not theory or association with the party that makes a leader a communist or more left wing, but practical actions.

†3. With capital initial. A supporter of the Paris Commune of 1871 (commune n.¹ 1b(b)); a Communard. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > French politics > [noun] > principles or policies > supporters of

federate1650

clubbist1793

Jacobin1793

communist1870

communalist1871

Communard1871

Sillonist1910

1870 Daily News 7 Oct. 5/4 The Communists mistake the times, they are not now in 1792. To-day Paris needs France, and cannot do without her.

1871 Daily News 26 May 5/6 Today they [sc. the Parisians] rubbed their hands with livid currish joy to have it in their power to denounce a Communist and reveal his hiding place.

1890 Times 14 Aug. 5/3 In France the exiled Communists had been allowed to return to their homes.

B. adj.

1. Also with capital initial. Of or relating to communism (communism n. 1); organized according to principles of collective ownership and communal living; conforming to or advocating these principles. Also in extended use.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > socialism > [adjective] > non-Marxist or Leninist communism

communist1840

communistic1848

1840 J. G. Barmby in New Moral World 1 Aug. 75/1 A social banquet of the adherents of the Communist, or Communitarian school is expected to take place.

1840 N.-Y. Spectator 22 Aug. 2/1 If you attempt a Communist demonstration at the funeral ceremony, we will kill you on the spot.

1860 National Rev. Oct. 323 Cabet in particular, by the uprightness of his character and his benevolence, as well as by the simplicity of his communist theories, came to exercise great influence.

1919 D. M. Steele Papers & Ess. for Churchmen 147 We hear of profit-sharing enterprises and co-operative schemes, of communist communities and economic dreams, the whole aim and object of which are to make men equal in achievement as they are in opportunity.

1939 V. F. Calverton Awakening of Amer. i. ix. 187 [He]..attempted to establish a communist colony somewhere in England and Ireland during the days of Cromwell's Commonwealth.

1952 E. Rogers Christian Comm. on Communism 23 The ‘communist experiments’ of the Christian Church.

1992 R. H. Popkin Third Force 17th-cent. Thought xxii. 361 They set up a communist community, where everyone's life was dominated by the immediate action of the Holy Spirit upon them.

2005 D. Cruickshank Around World in 80 Treasures 234 For four years the Bauhaus..developed a bias towards communal art that was, essentially, an expression of communist philosophy.

2. Frequently with capital initial. Of or relating to Communism (communism n. 2); advocating or supporting Communism, esp. Soviet Communism.Communist International: see final element.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > communism > [adjective]

communist1850

red1920

commie1945

1850 H. Macfarlane tr. Marx & Engels's Manifesto of German Communist Party in Red Republican 30 Nov. 190/3 Let the ruling classes tremble at a Communist Revolution.

1871 G. M. Hopkins Let. 2 Aug. (1935) 27 I feel inclined to begin by asking whether you are secretary to the International... I am always thinking about the Communist future.

1886 tr. Marx & Engels's Manifesto of German Communist Party iii. 28 In proportion as the class-war is evolved and assumes a definite form, so does this imaginary elevation over it..lose all practical worth.

1919 Times 13 Mar. 10/1 The Soviet Government, eager to concentrate efforts on a plan for world-wide communist revolution.

1931 Morning Post 6 Aug. 12/4 The Viennese police have discovered a Communist ‘cell’ in..a district of the city.

1954 J. Plamenatz Marxism & Communism xi. 280 Since Stalin published the second of his two famous books, nothing really important has been added to the body of Communist doctrine.

1967 Listener 2 Feb. 171/2 Throughout the tragic history of American intervention in Vietnam, there runs the belief that if you are a pacifist or a neutralist, you can only be communist.

1976 Survey Winter 18 One can imagine the Japanese reaction to the reunification of Korea under communist leadership.

1990 European 11 May 13/5 Obdurate little Albania may be the last domino to topple in communist Europe.

2002 Weekend Austral. (Brisbane) 6 July 16/1 Like many disenchanted East Germans he looks back on those communist years with surprising and growing fondness.

Compounds

C1. Instrumental (in sense A. 2).

communist-controlled adj.

ΚΠ

1921 Times 28 June 11/5 He professes to hope that, by means of a Communist-controlled capitalism, he will be able ultimately to attain his ideal.

1955 A. Koestler Trail of Dinosaur 205 Communist-controlled trade unions in France and Italy.

2008 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 20 Jan. (BR) 12 The Kremlin had set up the Cominform in the early years of the cold war to coordinate the activities of scores of Communist-controlled professional, artistic and intellectual groups.

communist-directed adj.

ΚΠ

1928 R. N. Baldwin Liberty under Soviets 24 State control of economic development in Russia, which ties the trade unions and cooperatives into the scheme of Communist-directed national economy.

1945 W. S. Churchill Victory (1946) 7 I have been told that I made a mistake in under-rating the power of the Communist-directed E.L.A.S.

2007 National Rev. (Nexis) 5 June (Obituary) He was kicked out of Poland by Gomulka during the Cold War because he filed dispatch after dispatch on Communist-directed censorship and oppression.

communist-dominated adj.

ΚΠ

1926 Times 17 Aug. 7/1 The Red International of Moscow is a purely Communist dominated body.

1957 M. Swan Brit. Guiana 141 Affiliations with the Communist-dominated World Federation of Trade Unions.

2003 New Yorker 1 Sept. 30/2 It was also a way for the C. G. T., the old French Communist-dominated union, to keep a stranglehold on film and theatre.

communist-inspired adj.

ΚΠ

1925 Times 20 Apr. 15/2 Vienna..is rapidly acquiring the reputation of being the most dangerous centre of Communist or Communist-inspired intrigue outside Soviet Russia.

1940 W. Lewis Let. 24 Apr. (1963) 271 The young communist-inspired ‘Social Realists’.

2008 Investor's Business Daily (Nexis) 14 Jan. 5 This is true whether the philosophy is Confucianism or communist-inspired ‘Legalism’ which extols following the law.

communist-led adj.

ΚΠ

1921 Times 14 Oct. 10/1 Communist led march.

1938 Ann. Reg. 1937 241 The Communist-led elements among the workers.

2007 Monterey County (Calif.) Herald (Nexis) 21 Nov. (World) China has ruled Tibet with a heavy hand since its Communist-led forces invaded in 1951.

C2.

communist bloc n. (also with capital initial in the first element) (a) an alliance of individuals, groups, or political parties supporting a shared communist cause (now rare); (b) Communist countries considered collectively, esp. during the existence of the Soviet Union; cf. Soviet block n. at Soviet n. and adj. Additions.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > named regions of earth > groups of countries > [noun] > communist or Soviet bloc

Soviet block1919

communist bloc1922

Eastern bloc1922

Soviet bloc1924

Eastern block1938

communist block1941

Second World1974

society > authority > rule or government > politics > international politics or relations > international agreements > [noun] > alliance or confederacy > an alliance > specific alliances

auld alliance1566

the League1589

armed neutrality1780

German Confederation1786

Germanic Confederation1815

Holy Alliance1823

the Concert of Europe1841

Sonderbund1847

Triplice1896

Soviet block1919

communist bloc1922

Eastern bloc1922

Soviet bloc1924

axis1936

Rome–Berlin Axis1936

Eastern block1938

communist block1941

Western European Union1944

Arab League1945

Western Union1948

Atlantic Pact1949

NATO1949

North Atlantic Treaty Organization1949

Seato1954

W.E.U.1954

Warsaw Pact1955

Atlantic Alliance1958

ASEAN1967

G201972

1922 Times 18 Nov. 9/4 [The Soviet authorities] hope to create a strong Communist bloc in the Grand National Assembly.

1932 Forum & Cent. Nov. 267/2 If..a Communist state be formed, included in or allied with the U.S.S.R., an attempt to win back Manchuria to Chinese sovereignty, or to include it in the same Communist bloc, would probably follow within a short time.

1950 L. Moore in L. D. Clay This is Germany ii. 33 Italy and France, where Communist blocs were so strong that the incumbent democratic governments were very apt to be overthrown.

1966 Punch 21 Dec. 911/3 Jeopardising our chance of permanentising the Sino-Soviet détente, and welding the Communist bloc more dangerously together.

1982 Science 23 July 332/1 A French cosmonaut, the first from outside the Communist bloc nations.

2007 Toronto Sun (Nexis) 23 Dec. 29 Eight EU states from the former communist bloc, including Hungary, last week joined the Schengen zone.

communist block n. (also with capital initial in the first element) = communist bloc n.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > named regions of earth > groups of countries > [noun] > communist or Soviet bloc

Soviet block1919

communist bloc1922

Eastern bloc1922

Soviet bloc1924

Eastern block1938

communist block1941

Second World1974

society > authority > rule or government > politics > international politics or relations > international agreements > [noun] > alliance or confederacy > an alliance > specific alliances

auld alliance1566

the League1589

armed neutrality1780

German Confederation1786

Germanic Confederation1815

Holy Alliance1823

the Concert of Europe1841

Sonderbund1847

Triplice1896

Soviet block1919

communist bloc1922

Eastern bloc1922

Soviet bloc1924

axis1936

Rome–Berlin Axis1936

Eastern block1938

communist block1941

Western European Union1944

Arab League1945

Western Union1948

Atlantic Pact1949

NATO1949

North Atlantic Treaty Organization1949

Seato1954

W.E.U.1954

Warsaw Pact1955

Atlantic Alliance1958

ASEAN1967

G201972

1941 Times Recorder (Zanesville, Ohio) 27 Dec. 4/3 His known enmity for the Communist block in the C.I.O. [= Committee of Industrial Organizations]. The leftists turned on Lewis when Hitler attacked Stalin.

1950 N.Y. Times 4 Sept. 5/1 He said the ‘Russo-Asiatic Communist block showed every evidence of waging an aggressive war’.

1961 J. Baar & W. E. Howard Combat Missileman viii. 69 The Russians and the Communist block were the ‘bad guys’.

2004 Devel. in Pract. 14 723 By the late 1990s most of the countries in the former Communist block..had made a transition to formal liberal democracy.

Communist Party n. (also with capital initials) a political party advocating Communism or representing communist values and policies.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > party politics > a party > [noun] > Communist Party

Communist Party1850

party1919

1850 H. Macfarlane tr. K. Marx & F. Engels in Red Republican 9 Nov. 161 (title) Manifesto of the German Communist Party.

1919 tr. Trotsky's Hist. Russ. Revol. 146 At the Congress of the Communist Party, just as at the fourth Congress of the Soviets, those in favour of peace were in a majority.

1920 Times 3 Dec. 14/2 The Communist Party of Great Britain has appointed Mr. Robert Williams..to attend, as fraternal delegate, the conference of the German Communists.

1939 M. Mitchell Let. 17 Apr. in Gone with the Wind Lett. (1986) 273 The Radical press tried to use ‘Gone With the Wind’ as a whip to drive Southern Negroes into the Communist Party.

1951 Pacific Affairs 24 257 The transformation of the Chinese Communist Party into a peasant-based party.

1973 Current Hist. May 204/1 He had..risen meteorically in the Croatian Communist party.

1996 Independent (Nexis) 16 Mar. 12 Russia's parliament, where the resurgent Communist Party is the dominant faction.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	communist
释义	communistn.adj. Brit. /ˈkɒmjᵿnɪst/, U.S. /ˈkɑmjənəst/ Origin: A borrowing from French; partly modelled on a German lexical item. Etymon: French communiste. Etymology: < French communiste, adjective and noun (1840 in sense ‘advocate or adherent of the theory of communism’ (see sense A. 1); 1870 in sense ‘supporter of the Paris Commune of 1871’ (see sense A. 3): see below) < commun common adj. + -iste -ist suffix. In senses B. 2 and A. 2 after German Kommunist (1845 in Marx and Engels in the passages translated in quot. 1850 at sense B. 2 and quot. 1850 at sense A. 2; 1840 in sense A. 1; < French communiste ; probably via English). Compare Russian kommunističeskij , adjective (1865 as †komunističeskij , in sense B. 1; 1900 (in a translation of the source cited in quot. 1850 at sense B. 2) or earlier in sense B. 2), kommunist , noun (1865 as †komunist″ , in sense A. 1; 1900 (in a translation of the source cited in quot. 1850 at sense B. 2) or earlier in sense A. 2). Compare communism n. Compare also socialist n., socialist adj.French communiste was used earlier (1769) with reference to participants in the collective possession of land (mortmain). The French term was also used for other kinds of collective ownership in the late 18th cent., e.g. with reference to the right of pasturing animals on common land (1789). It was also used from at least the 1830s to refer to adherents of François-Noël Babeuf (1760–97), militant French revolutionary. Coinage of the term in the sense ‘advocate or adherent of the theory of communism’ has been variously attributed to Pierre-Joseph Proudhon (1809–65), French editor, politician, and social theorist ( P.-J. Proudhon Qu'est-ce que la propriété? (1840) 326) and Étienne Cabet (1788–1856), French philosopher ( É. Cabet Comment je suis communiste (1840)). Both seem to have arrived at the term independently in 1840. For a full discussion of the origins and development of French communiste (and related terms) see Geschichtliche Grundbegriffe III. at Kommunismus. Compare also discussion at communism n. Compare also post-classical Latin communistae (16th cent. in an unrelated use denoting members of a religious community who practise a communal form of living). A. n. 1. Also with capital initial. An advocate or adherent of the theory of communism (communism n. 1). Also in extended use. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > socialism > [noun] > non-Marxist or Leninist communism > adherent of communist1840 1840 Morning Chron. 13 July 2/7 The Communists have their meetings, and the Radical Reformers, who do not go the length of an agrarian law, dine together in numbers. 1843 J. G. Barmby in New Age & Concordium Gaz. 1 Dec. 132 The Communist..gives it [sc. the Communion Table] a higher signification, by holding it as a type of that holy millenial communitive life. a1849 E. Elliott More Verse & Prose (1850) I. 72 What is a communist? One who hath yearnings For equal division of unequal earnings: Idler, or bungler, or both, he is willing To fork out his penny, and pocket your shilling. 1871 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues IV. 112 The citizens, if not actually communists, are..in spirit communistic. 1886 P. Robinson Valley Teetotum Trees 84 The sparrow is accused as being ‘a bird of bad habits and of infamous character..a communist and a polygamist’. 1927 Enemy No. 2. 52 For he [sc. D.H. Lawrence] is the natural communist , as it were, as distinguished from the indoctrinated or theoretic one. 1957 S. Bellow in Holiday Sept. 103/1 Into these came a band of French Communists, the Icarians, led by Étienne Cabet. 1980 Blair & Ketchum's Country Jrnl. Oct. 67/1 It includes..neo-Jeffersonians, back-to-the-landers, whole-earthers, communists, and neopioneers seeking to revive old country ways. 1999 N.Y. Rev. Bks. 7 Oct. 4/4 There were scriptural communists with secular dreams prompted by mystical origins. 2. spec. Frequently with capital initial. An adherent or supporter of Communism (communism n. 2).Used in a more general derogatory sense by some speakers and writers, esp. in the context of the Cold War, to denote any person regarded as opposing or antagonistic to the prevailing capitalist system; esp. a supporter of revolutionary or left-wing policies. Cf. McCarthyism n.Crypto-, parlour, Young Communist, etc.: see first element. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > communism > [noun] > adherent of communist1850 red flagger1886 redshirt1889 red ragger1909 commie1928 red1928 Commo1941 1850 H. Macfarlane tr. Marx & Engels's Manifesto of German Communist Party in Red Republican 23 Nov. 181/3 The Communists might resume their whole Theory in that single expression—The abolition of private property. 1919 I. Ferguson tr. K. G. Rakovsky et al. Manifesto Communist Internat. in Sedition: Hearing before Comm. Judiciary (House of Representatives: 66th Congr., 2nd Session) 64 We Communists, representatives of the revolutionary proletariat. 1955 H. Hodgkinson Doubletalk 32 A Communist, in Soviet eyes, is a person who unreservedly accepts the leadership of the Soviet Communist Party. 1968 Globe & Mail (Toronto) 17 Feb. 29/4 I also knew we would be called Communists because that is the final insult which can be used by people on this continent who would try to destroy an organization. 1992 New Republic 4 May 35/3 Though a staunch Marxist, Thompson felt driven to target his most piercing polemics against fellow Communists. 2007 Daily News (S. Afr.) (Nexis) 23 July (News) 8 It is not theory or association with the party that makes a leader a communist or more left wing, but practical actions. †3. With capital initial. A supporter of the Paris Commune of 1871 (commune n.¹ 1b(b)); a Communard. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > French politics > [noun] > principles or policies > supporters of federate1650 clubbist1793 Jacobin1793 communist1870 communalist1871 Communard1871 Sillonist1910 1870 Daily News 7 Oct. 5/4 The Communists mistake the times, they are not now in 1792. To-day Paris needs France, and cannot do without her. 1871 Daily News 26 May 5/6 Today they [sc. the Parisians] rubbed their hands with livid currish joy to have it in their power to denounce a Communist and reveal his hiding place. 1890 Times 14 Aug. 5/3 In France the exiled Communists had been allowed to return to their homes. B. adj. 1. Also with capital initial. Of or relating to communism (communism n. 1); organized according to principles of collective ownership and communal living; conforming to or advocating these principles. Also in extended use. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > socialism > [adjective] > non-Marxist or Leninist communism communist1840 communistic1848 1840 J. G. Barmby in New Moral World 1 Aug. 75/1 A social banquet of the adherents of the Communist, or Communitarian school is expected to take place. 1840 N.-Y. Spectator 22 Aug. 2/1 If you attempt a Communist demonstration at the funeral ceremony, we will kill you on the spot. 1860 National Rev. Oct. 323 Cabet in particular, by the uprightness of his character and his benevolence, as well as by the simplicity of his communist theories, came to exercise great influence. 1919 D. M. Steele Papers & Ess. for Churchmen 147 We hear of profit-sharing enterprises and co-operative schemes, of communist communities and economic dreams, the whole aim and object of which are to make men equal in achievement as they are in opportunity. 1939 V. F. Calverton Awakening of Amer. i. ix. 187 [He]..attempted to establish a communist colony somewhere in England and Ireland during the days of Cromwell's Commonwealth. 1952 E. Rogers Christian Comm. on Communism 23 The ‘communist experiments’ of the Christian Church. 1992 R. H. Popkin Third Force 17th-cent. Thought xxii. 361 They set up a communist community, where everyone's life was dominated by the immediate action of the Holy Spirit upon them. 2005 D. Cruickshank Around World in 80 Treasures 234 For four years the Bauhaus..developed a bias towards communal art that was, essentially, an expression of communist philosophy. 2. Frequently with capital initial. Of or relating to Communism (communism n. 2); advocating or supporting Communism, esp. Soviet Communism.Communist International: see final element. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > political philosophy > communism > [adjective] communist1850 red1920 commie1945 1850 H. Macfarlane tr. Marx & Engels's Manifesto of German Communist Party in Red Republican 30 Nov. 190/3 Let the ruling classes tremble at a Communist Revolution. 1871 G. M. Hopkins Let. 2 Aug. (1935) 27 I feel inclined to begin by asking whether you are secretary to the International... I am always thinking about the Communist future. 1886 tr. Marx & Engels's Manifesto of German Communist Party iii. 28 In proportion as the class-war is evolved and assumes a definite form, so does this imaginary elevation over it..lose all practical worth. 1919 Times 13 Mar. 10/1 The Soviet Government, eager to concentrate efforts on a plan for world-wide communist revolution. 1931 Morning Post 6 Aug. 12/4 The Viennese police have discovered a Communist ‘cell’ in..a district of the city. 1954 J. Plamenatz Marxism & Communism xi. 280 Since Stalin published the second of his two famous books, nothing really important has been added to the body of Communist doctrine. 1967 Listener 2 Feb. 171/2 Throughout the tragic history of American intervention in Vietnam, there runs the belief that if you are a pacifist or a neutralist, you can only be communist. 1976 Survey Winter 18 One can imagine the Japanese reaction to the reunification of Korea under communist leadership. 1990 European 11 May 13/5 Obdurate little Albania may be the last domino to topple in communist Europe. 2002 Weekend Austral. (Brisbane) 6 July 16/1 Like many disenchanted East Germans he looks back on those communist years with surprising and growing fondness. Compounds C1. Instrumental (in sense A. 2). communist-controlled adj. ΚΠ 1921 Times 28 June 11/5 He professes to hope that, by means of a Communist-controlled capitalism, he will be able ultimately to attain his ideal. 1955 A. Koestler Trail of Dinosaur 205 Communist-controlled trade unions in France and Italy. 2008 N.Y. Times (Nexis) 20 Jan. (BR) 12 The Kremlin had set up the Cominform in the early years of the cold war to coordinate the activities of scores of Communist-controlled professional, artistic and intellectual groups. communist-directed adj. ΚΠ 1928 R. N. Baldwin Liberty under Soviets 24 State control of economic development in Russia, which ties the trade unions and cooperatives into the scheme of Communist-directed national economy. 1945 W. S. Churchill Victory (1946) 7 I have been told that I made a mistake in under-rating the power of the Communist-directed E.L.A.S. 2007 National Rev. (Nexis) 5 June (Obituary) He was kicked out of Poland by Gomulka during the Cold War because he filed dispatch after dispatch on Communist-directed censorship and oppression. communist-dominated adj. ΚΠ 1926 Times 17 Aug. 7/1 The Red International of Moscow is a purely Communist dominated body. 1957 M. Swan Brit. Guiana 141 Affiliations with the Communist-dominated World Federation of Trade Unions. 2003 New Yorker 1 Sept. 30/2 It was also a way for the C. G. T., the old French Communist-dominated union, to keep a stranglehold on film and theatre. communist-inspired adj. ΚΠ 1925 Times 20 Apr. 15/2 Vienna..is rapidly acquiring the reputation of being the most dangerous centre of Communist or Communist-inspired intrigue outside Soviet Russia. 1940 W. Lewis Let. 24 Apr. (1963) 271 The young communist-inspired ‘Social Realists’. 2008 Investor's Business Daily (Nexis) 14 Jan. 5 This is true whether the philosophy is Confucianism or communist-inspired ‘Legalism’ which extols following the law. communist-led adj. ΚΠ 1921 Times 14 Oct. 10/1 Communist led march. 1938 Ann. Reg. 1937 241 The Communist-led elements among the workers. 2007 Monterey County (Calif.) Herald (Nexis) 21 Nov. (World) China has ruled Tibet with a heavy hand since its Communist-led forces invaded in 1951. C2. communist bloc n. (also with capital initial in the first element) (a) an alliance of individuals, groups, or political parties supporting a shared communist cause (now rare); (b) Communist countries considered collectively, esp. during the existence of the Soviet Union; cf. Soviet block n. at Soviet n. and adj. Additions. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > named regions of earth > groups of countries > [noun] > communist or Soviet bloc Soviet block1919 communist bloc1922 Eastern bloc1922 Soviet bloc1924 Eastern block1938 communist block1941 Second World1974 society > authority > rule or government > politics > international politics or relations > international agreements > [noun] > alliance or confederacy > an alliance > specific alliances auld alliance1566 the League1589 armed neutrality1780 German Confederation1786 Germanic Confederation1815 Holy Alliance1823 the Concert of Europe1841 Sonderbund1847 Triplice1896 Soviet block1919 communist bloc1922 Eastern bloc1922 Soviet bloc1924 axis1936 Rome–Berlin Axis1936 Eastern block1938 communist block1941 Western European Union1944 Arab League1945 Western Union1948 Atlantic Pact1949 NATO1949 North Atlantic Treaty Organization1949 Seato1954 W.E.U.1954 Warsaw Pact1955 Atlantic Alliance1958 ASEAN1967 G201972 1922 Times 18 Nov. 9/4 [The Soviet authorities] hope to create a strong Communist bloc in the Grand National Assembly. 1932 Forum & Cent. Nov. 267/2 If..a Communist state be formed, included in or allied with the U.S.S.R., an attempt to win back Manchuria to Chinese sovereignty, or to include it in the same Communist bloc, would probably follow within a short time. 1950 L. Moore in L. D. Clay This is Germany ii. 33 Italy and France, where Communist blocs were so strong that the incumbent democratic governments were very apt to be overthrown. 1966 Punch 21 Dec. 911/3 Jeopardising our chance of permanentising the Sino-Soviet détente, and welding the Communist bloc more dangerously together. 1982 Science 23 July 332/1 A French cosmonaut, the first from outside the Communist bloc nations. 2007 Toronto Sun (Nexis) 23 Dec. 29 Eight EU states from the former communist bloc, including Hungary, last week joined the Schengen zone. communist block n. (also with capital initial in the first element) = communist bloc n. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > named regions of earth > groups of countries > [noun] > communist or Soviet bloc Soviet block1919 communist bloc1922 Eastern bloc1922 Soviet bloc1924 Eastern block1938 communist block1941 Second World1974 society > authority > rule or government > politics > international politics or relations > international agreements > [noun] > alliance or confederacy > an alliance > specific alliances auld alliance1566 the League1589 armed neutrality1780 German Confederation1786 Germanic Confederation1815 Holy Alliance1823 the Concert of Europe1841 Sonderbund1847 Triplice1896 Soviet block1919 communist bloc1922 Eastern bloc1922 Soviet bloc1924 axis1936 Rome–Berlin Axis1936 Eastern block1938 communist block1941 Western European Union1944 Arab League1945 Western Union1948 Atlantic Pact1949 NATO1949 North Atlantic Treaty Organization1949 Seato1954 W.E.U.1954 Warsaw Pact1955 Atlantic Alliance1958 ASEAN1967 G201972 1941 Times Recorder (Zanesville, Ohio) 27 Dec. 4/3 His known enmity for the Communist block in the C.I.O. [= Committee of Industrial Organizations]. The leftists turned on Lewis when Hitler attacked Stalin. 1950 N.Y. Times 4 Sept. 5/1 He said the ‘Russo-Asiatic Communist block showed every evidence of waging an aggressive war’. 1961 J. Baar & W. E. Howard Combat Missileman viii. 69 The Russians and the Communist block were the ‘bad guys’. 2004 Devel. in Pract. 14 723 By the late 1990s most of the countries in the former Communist block..had made a transition to formal liberal democracy. Communist Party n. (also with capital initials) a political party advocating Communism or representing communist values and policies. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > party politics > a party > [noun] > Communist Party Communist Party1850 party1919 1850 H. Macfarlane tr. K. Marx & F. Engels in Red Republican 9 Nov. 161 (title) Manifesto of the German Communist Party. 1919 tr. Trotsky's Hist. Russ. Revol. 146 At the Congress of the Communist Party, just as at the fourth Congress of the Soviets, those in favour of peace were in a majority. 1920 Times 3 Dec. 14/2 The Communist Party of Great Britain has appointed Mr. Robert Williams..to attend, as fraternal delegate, the conference of the German Communists. 1939 M. Mitchell Let. 17 Apr. in Gone with the Wind Lett. (1986) 273 The Radical press tried to use ‘Gone With the Wind’ as a whip to drive Southern Negroes into the Communist Party. 1951 Pacific Affairs 24 257 The transformation of the Chinese Communist Party into a peasant-based party. 1973 Current Hist. May 204/1 He had..risen meteorically in the Croatian Communist party. 1996 Independent (Nexis) 16 Mar. 12 Russia's parliament, where the resurgent Communist Party is the dominant faction. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2009; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1840
随便看	θ179663 θ1857 θ18570 θ185700 θ185701 θ185702 θ185703 θ185704 θ185705 θ185706 θ185707 θ185708 θ185709 θ18571 θ185710 θ185711 θ185712 θ185713 θ185714 θ185715 θ185716 θ185717 θ185718 θ185719 θ18572