competitionn.

Brit.

/ˌkɒmpᵻˈtɪʃn/, U.S.

/ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən/

Etymology: < Latin competītiōn-em agreement, a judicial demand, rivalry, noun of action < competĕre : see compete v.¹

a. ‘The action of endeavouring to gain what another endeavours to gain at the same time’ (Johnson); the striving of two or more for the same object; rivalry. Now largely used in connection with competitive examinations.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > dissent > competition or rivalry > [noun]

rivality1528

strife1530

envy1541

emulation1552

contention1576

pinglinga1578

countermatch1581

paragon1590

competency1594

corrivality1598

rivalry1598

concurrence1603

contestation1603

competitiona1608

rivalling1607

concurrency1609

strift1612

corrivalry1614

rivalty1631

contest1648

corrivalty1649

coping1678

co-rivalry1835

rivalism1850

a1608 F. Vere Comm. (1657) 26 Though there were grudging there could be no competition.

1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 476 God..will not long defer To vindicate the glory of his name Against all competition .

1694 J. Collier Misc. v. 54 Where there is so much of..Competition, and Uncertainty, you must expect Self-interest will govern.

1859 J. S. Mill On Liberty iii. 132 Opening all objects of ambition, even the highest, to general competition.

1868 M. Pattison Suggestions Acad. Organisation 65 It is useless for real genius to enter the lists of competition without this training.

1891 N.E.D. at Competition Mod. The place will be filled by open competition..These scholarships are now thrown open to general competition.

b. Commerce. Rivalry in the market, striving for custom between those who have the same commodities to dispose of.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > trading conditions > [noun] > competition

competition1793

imperfect1837

monopolistic competition1908

1793 J. Bentham Emancipate your Colonies in Wks. (1843) IV. 412 From high profits in trade comes influx of traders—from influx of traders, competition among traders—from competition among traders, reduction of prices.

1832 H. Martineau For Each & All iii. 39 Competition is more likely than co~operation to induce prudence and foresight.

1871 J. Ruskin Munera Pulveris (1880) 13 Vulgar political economy asserts..that wages are determined by competition.

1884 Pall Mall Gaz. 26 Feb. 12/1 The war of commerce which, under the name of ‘competition’, goes on unceasingly.

1891 N.E.D. at Competition Mod. Maxim. Competition is the life of trade.

Categories »

c. In Scots Law applied chiefly to those contests which arise on bankruptcy, between creditors claiming in virtue of their respective securities or diligences.

d. Const. for; formerly also †to.

ΚΠ

1624 Abp. J. Williams in S. R. Gardiner Fortescue Papers (1871) 204 In the competicion for soe unworthy and meane a remote northerne Deanerye.

a1626 F. Bacon Advice to G. Villiers in Wks. (1861) XIII. 46 Competition to the crown there is none nor can be.

1677 J. Dryden State Innocence Ep. Ded. sig. A2 There is no Competition but for the second place.

1891 N.E.D. at Competition Mod. The competition for the appointment will no doubt be severe.

e. in, into competition.

ΚΠ

1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning i. sig. L4^v The Priest-hood, which euer hath been in some competicion with Empire.

a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1958) IX. 116 Bring the Honours of this world into the Balance, into competition, into comparison with that eternall weight of Glory in heaven.

1660 R. Coke Justice Vindicated Ep. Ded. 5 No man presumes to stand in competition with you.

1728 J. Morgan Compl. Hist. Algiers I. iii. 70 They are a very small inconsiderable Tribe, in competition with those I treat of.

1786 E. Inchbald I'll tell you What ii. ii 28 You wou'd not, even in idea, put him in competition with me.

1841–8 F. Myers Catholic Thoughts II. iii. §28. 104 The highest claims of the older Law are not to be put into competition with that Dispensation.

f. Ecology. (See quots.)

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > balance of nature > relationships of organisms > [noun] > antagonism, competition, etc.

struggle for existence, for lifea1827

antibiosis1899

competition1905

predatism1920

1905 F. E. Clements Res. Methods Ecol. iv. 285 Competition is a question of the reaction of a plant upon the physical factors which encompass it, and of the effect of these modified factors upon the adjacent plants.

1905 F. E. Clements Res. Methods Ecol. iv. 316 Competition, the relation between plants occupying the same area, and dependent upon the same supply of physical factors.

1916 F. E. Clements Plant Succession iv. 72 Competition occurs whenever two or more plants make demands in excess of the supply... In its essential nature, competition is a decrease in the amount of water and light available for each individual.

1925 R. H. Yapp in Festschrift C. Schröter 691 The term ‘competition’..is, properly speaking, confined to those cases in the general struggle for existence in which living organisms compete or strive with one another for a limited supply of the necessaries of life—water, light, salts, insect visitors and so on.

g. The person or persons competing with one in business, etc.; the opposition in a race or contest. Frequently with the.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > dissent > competition or rivalry > [noun] > competitor or rival > the opposition in a contest

competition1961

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > non-manual worker > businessman > [noun] > person(s) competing in business

rival1812

competition1961

1922 J. Joyce Ulysses iii. xvi. [Eumaeus] 590 The idea..was to do good and net a profit, there being no competition to speak of.]

1961 R. A. Futterman Future of our Cities iii. 65 Fear of the competition — always a great motivating force in the American economy.

1965 Automotive Body Engineering Aug. 9 (advt.) Get the edge on the competition by fitting Bostik flange finishers.

1972 Newsweek 10 Jan. 43/1 When Josephine the Lady Plumber was introduced to U.S. television audiences years ago, she seemed as improbable a figure as her competition Mr. Clean—and she was decidedly more comical.

1977 Custom Car Nov. 14/2 Custom Car—sponsored George Polley (306)..made the competition look like amateurs, as he soared to victory in the Southern Championship at Arlington Raceway.

1983 Times 20 Oct. 17/8 The package sets down a marker for the competition.

1986 Observer 23 Nov. 40/5 The competition cannot assure that they can sell the securities they need to raise the money. We can.

2. A contest for the acquisition of something; a match to determine relative excellence; a trial of ability in order to decide the superiority or comparative fitness of a number of candidates.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > dissent > competition or rivalry > [noun] > a contest or competition

match1531

goala1555

vie1568

skirmish1576

rencounter1594

drop-vie1598

duellism1602

duello1606

bout1609

duel1613

competition1618

matcha1637

tournament1638

contest1648

rencontre1667

pingle?1719

sprawla1813

go1823

bet1843

bucklea1849

comp1929

cook-off1936

title race1948

1618 Sir H. Carey in S. R. Gardiner Fortescue Papers (1871) 56 Manifould desires and competitions to succeed him.

1632 P. Massinger Maid of Honour i. ii. sig. C4 Of such a competition, you alone Should weare the ghirlond.

1782 W. Cowper Conversation in Poems 220 Few competitions but engender spite, And those the most, where neither has a right.

1891 N.E.D. at Competition Mod. For the next lot put up to auction there was a keen competition. When does the rifle competition come off?

Compounds

C1. attributive and in other combinations, as competition price, competition rent, competition scholarship, one decided by competition.

ΚΠ

1875 H. J. S. Maine Lect. Early Hist. Inst. vi. 175 Though the Irish expression translated ‘rack-rent’ cannot..denote an extreme competition rent.

1886 Pall Mall Gaz. 28 Oct. 6/2 In an architect's office..competition sets of plans.

1887 Pall Mall Gaz. 14 Oct. 2/1 Legislation on the principle of the competition-curbing Acts.

C2.

competition-wallah n. Anglo-Indian colloquial [Urdu -wālā = Latin -ārius, English -er] = competitioner n.¹; applied to members of the Indian Civil Service admitted on the competitive system, when first introduced in 1856.

ΚΠ

1863 All Year Round X. 203 (heading) Competition Wallahs.

1864 Trevelyan (title) Letters of a Competition-wallah.

1864 Trevelyan Letters of Competition-wallah 9 The stories against the competition-wallahs, which are told and fondly believed by the Haileybury men.

1878 Sat. Rev. 15 June 750 The Competition-Wallah, at home on leave or retirement, dins perpetually into our ears the greatness of India.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

单词	competition
释义	competitionn. Brit. /ˌkɒmpᵻˈtɪʃn/, U.S. /ˌkɑmpəˈtɪʃən/ Etymology: < Latin competītiōn-em agreement, a judicial demand, rivalry, noun of action < competĕre : see compete v.¹ 1. a. ‘The action of endeavouring to gain what another endeavours to gain at the same time’ (Johnson); the striving of two or more for the same object; rivalry. Now largely used in connection with competitive examinations. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > dissent > competition or rivalry > [noun] rivality1528 strife1530 envy1541 emulation1552 contention1576 pinglinga1578 countermatch1581 paragon1590 competency1594 corrivality1598 rivalry1598 concurrence1603 contestation1603 competitiona1608 rivalling1607 concurrency1609 strift1612 corrivalry1614 rivalty1631 contest1648 corrivalty1649 coping1678 co-rivalry1835 rivalism1850 a1608 F. Vere Comm. (1657) 26 Though there were grudging there could be no competition. 1671 J. Milton Samson Agonistes 476 God..will not long defer To vindicate the glory of his name Against all competition . View more context for this quotation 1694 J. Collier Misc. v. 54 Where there is so much of..Competition, and Uncertainty, you must expect Self-interest will govern. 1859 J. S. Mill On Liberty iii. 132 Opening all objects of ambition, even the highest, to general competition. 1868 M. Pattison Suggestions Acad. Organisation 65 It is useless for real genius to enter the lists of competition without this training. 1891 N.E.D. at Competition Mod. The place will be filled by open competition..These scholarships are now thrown open to general competition. b. Commerce. Rivalry in the market, striving for custom between those who have the same commodities to dispose of. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > trading conditions > [noun] > competition competition1793 imperfect1837 monopolistic competition1908 1793 J. Bentham Emancipate your Colonies in Wks. (1843) IV. 412 From high profits in trade comes influx of traders—from influx of traders, competition among traders—from competition among traders, reduction of prices. 1832 H. Martineau For Each & All iii. 39 Competition is more likely than co~operation to induce prudence and foresight. 1871 J. Ruskin Munera Pulveris (1880) 13 Vulgar political economy asserts..that wages are determined by competition. 1884 Pall Mall Gaz. 26 Feb. 12/1 The war of commerce which, under the name of ‘competition’, goes on unceasingly. 1891 N.E.D. at Competition Mod. Maxim. Competition is the life of trade. Categories » c. In Scots Law applied chiefly to those contests which arise on bankruptcy, between creditors claiming in virtue of their respective securities or diligences. d. Const. for; formerly also †to. ΚΠ 1624 Abp. J. Williams in S. R. Gardiner Fortescue Papers (1871) 204 In the competicion for soe unworthy and meane a remote northerne Deanerye. a1626 F. Bacon Advice to G. Villiers in Wks. (1861) XIII. 46 Competition to the crown there is none nor can be. 1677 J. Dryden State Innocence Ep. Ded. sig. A2 There is no Competition but for the second place. 1891 N.E.D. at Competition Mod. The competition for the appointment will no doubt be severe. e. in, into competition. ΚΠ 1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning i. sig. L4^v The Priest-hood, which euer hath been in some competicion with Empire. a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1958) IX. 116 Bring the Honours of this world into the Balance, into competition, into comparison with that eternall weight of Glory in heaven. 1660 R. Coke Justice Vindicated Ep. Ded. 5 No man presumes to stand in competition with you. 1728 J. Morgan Compl. Hist. Algiers I. iii. 70 They are a very small inconsiderable Tribe, in competition with those I treat of. 1786 E. Inchbald I'll tell you What ii. ii 28 You wou'd not, even in idea, put him in competition with me. 1841–8 F. Myers Catholic Thoughts II. iii. §28. 104 The highest claims of the older Law are not to be put into competition with that Dispensation. f. Ecology. (See quots.) ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > balance of nature > relationships of organisms > [noun] > antagonism, competition, etc. struggle for existence, for lifea1827 antibiosis1899 competition1905 predatism1920 1905 F. E. Clements Res. Methods Ecol. iv. 285 Competition is a question of the reaction of a plant upon the physical factors which encompass it, and of the effect of these modified factors upon the adjacent plants. 1905 F. E. Clements Res. Methods Ecol. iv. 316 Competition, the relation between plants occupying the same area, and dependent upon the same supply of physical factors. 1916 F. E. Clements Plant Succession iv. 72 Competition occurs whenever two or more plants make demands in excess of the supply... In its essential nature, competition is a decrease in the amount of water and light available for each individual. 1925 R. H. Yapp in Festschrift C. Schröter 691 The term ‘competition’..is, properly speaking, confined to those cases in the general struggle for existence in which living organisms compete or strive with one another for a limited supply of the necessaries of life—water, light, salts, insect visitors and so on. g. The person or persons competing with one in business, etc.; the opposition in a race or contest. Frequently with the. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > dissent > competition or rivalry > [noun] > competitor or rival > the opposition in a contest competition1961 society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > non-manual worker > businessman > [noun] > person(s) competing in business rival1812 competition1961 1922 J. Joyce Ulysses iii. xvi. [Eumaeus] 590 The idea..was to do good and net a profit, there being no competition to speak of.] 1961 R. A. Futterman Future of our Cities iii. 65 Fear of the competition — always a great motivating force in the American economy. 1965 Automotive Body Engineering Aug. 9 (advt.) Get the edge on the competition by fitting Bostik flange finishers. 1972 Newsweek 10 Jan. 43/1 When Josephine the Lady Plumber was introduced to U.S. television audiences years ago, she seemed as improbable a figure as her competition Mr. Clean—and she was decidedly more comical. 1977 Custom Car Nov. 14/2 Custom Car—sponsored George Polley (306)..made the competition look like amateurs, as he soared to victory in the Southern Championship at Arlington Raceway. 1983 Times 20 Oct. 17/8 The package sets down a marker for the competition. 1986 Observer 23 Nov. 40/5 The competition cannot assure that they can sell the securities they need to raise the money. We can. 2. A contest for the acquisition of something; a match to determine relative excellence; a trial of ability in order to decide the superiority or comparative fitness of a number of candidates. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > dissent > competition or rivalry > [noun] > a contest or competition match1531 goala1555 vie1568 skirmish1576 rencounter1594 drop-vie1598 duellism1602 duello1606 bout1609 duel1613 competition1618 matcha1637 tournament1638 contest1648 rencontre1667 pingle?1719 sprawla1813 go1823 bet1843 bucklea1849 comp1929 cook-off1936 title race1948 1618 Sir H. Carey in S. R. Gardiner Fortescue Papers (1871) 56 Manifould desires and competitions to succeed him. 1632 P. Massinger Maid of Honour i. ii. sig. C4 Of such a competition, you alone Should weare the ghirlond. 1782 W. Cowper Conversation in Poems 220 Few competitions but engender spite, And those the most, where neither has a right. 1891 N.E.D. at Competition Mod. For the next lot put up to auction there was a keen competition. When does the rifle competition come off? Compounds C1. attributive and in other combinations, as competition price, competition rent, competition scholarship, one decided by competition. ΚΠ 1875 H. J. S. Maine Lect. Early Hist. Inst. vi. 175 Though the Irish expression translated ‘rack-rent’ cannot..denote an extreme competition rent. 1886 Pall Mall Gaz. 28 Oct. 6/2 In an architect's office..competition sets of plans. 1887 Pall Mall Gaz. 14 Oct. 2/1 Legislation on the principle of the competition-curbing Acts. C2. competition-wallah n. Anglo-Indian colloquial [Urdu -wālā = Latin -ārius, English -er] = competitioner n.¹; applied to members of the Indian Civil Service admitted on the competitive system, when first introduced in 1856. ΚΠ 1863 All Year Round X. 203 (heading) Competition Wallahs. 1864 Trevelyan (title) Letters of a Competition-wallah. 1864 Trevelyan Letters of Competition-wallah 9 The stories against the competition-wallahs, which are told and fondly believed by the Haileybury men. 1878 Sat. Rev. 15 June 750 The Competition-Wallah, at home on leave or retirement, dins perpetually into our ears the greatness of India. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2021). † competitionv. Etymology: < competition n. Obsolete. rare. To compete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > relationship > equality or equivalence > be or become equal [verb (intransitive)] > rival or vie with strive?c1225 countervailc1525 to hold handc1600 compete1620 to keep upa1633 competition1650 tie1680 to fall over one another1888 the world > relative properties > order > disorder > disharmony or incongruity > be unharmonious or incongruous with [verb (transitive)] > be inconsistent with competition1650 militate1756 1650 J. Cardell Morbus Epidemicus 25 If..any thing of their own..shall providentially competition with the publique good. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < n.1605v.1650
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competitionn.

Compounds

† competitionv.