complementationn.

/ˌkɒmplɪmɛnˈteɪʃən/

Etymology: < complement v. + -ation suffix.

Linguistics.

Complementary distribution (see complementary adj. 1e).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > [noun] > complementary distribution

complementary distribution1934

complementation1937

1937 M. Swadesh in Language XIII. 7 Complementation is one of the characteristics of positional variants.

1948 E. A. Nida in Language 24 422 The forms I and me generally occur in complementation: I occurs in preverbal subject position, me in postverbal object position and after prepositions.

1965 R. D. Stevick in Eng. Studies Feb. 35 Neither of the potential patterns in which relatives þe and þat stood in normal complementation were ever realized.

Draft additions 1997

a. Completion by the addition of a complement or of complementary matter; also, the fact or condition of constituting such completion, complementarity (esp. in in complementation).

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > [noun] > completion or complement

complement1398

teleiosis1833

complementation1931

the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > completely [phrase] > by addition of complementary matter

in complementation1958

1931 Economist 30 May 1151/1 The Commonwealth and State Savings Banks have already announced a 1 per cent reduction in their interest rates, conditional upon the complementation of the scheme.

1958 Southern Reporter (U.S.) 102 508/2 Such documentary evidence may be received in complementation of the pleadings to determine in limine whether plaintiff's cause of action is well founded.

Draft additions 1997

a. The combining of complementary colours (see complementary adj. 1c). rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > [noun] > complementary colour > combining of

complementation1934

1934 in N. Webster Dict.

b. Genetics. The phenomenon by which a phenotypic character affected by two or more different mutations is displayed normally in a hybrid or heterokaryon containing both of them (taken as indicating that the mutations are on different, non-allelic, genes).

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic constitution > [noun] > phenotype > phenotypic effects

potency1916

pleiotropism1927

position effect1930

penetrance1934

pleiotropy1938

complementation1958

1958 Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 23 137/1 Two cases have been described recently..in which mutants, each lacking a particular function, show partial manifestation of the function when combined in a heterocaryon... Each set of mutants is divisible into three groups, A, B, and C, on the basis of heterocaryon complementation.

1964 D. Michie in G. H. Haggis et al. Introd. Molecular Biol. x. 269 The result of mixed infection is italicized in the table to emphasize that complementation does not here occur.

1984 M. J. Taussig Processes in Pathol. & Microbiol. (ed. 2) vi. 733 The approach is to look for gene complementation, i.e. a situation in which fusion of two cancer cells produces a non-malignant hybrid.

1990 EMBO Jrnl. 9 3876/1 By genetic complementation analysis, we had previously shown that four genes..are necessary for normal production of the toxin.

c. The complementary action of two or more commercial enterprises, spec. an accord between a company and two or more governments to lower or eliminate duties mutually on items produced by that manufacturer in one or more of the signatory states, thus inducing further local investment by the company.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > importing and exporting > [noun] > other import or export issues

stoppage in transitu, in transit1810

complementation1979

1979 Facts on File 23 Feb. 133/2 Under the government's new ‘complementation scheme’, vehicle manufacturers would be allowed..to use export credits to meet 5% of the local content requirement.

1979 Financial Rev. (Austral.) 1 May 34 The recently announced government plans to permit import complementation by Australian car manufacturers.

1990 Automotive News 23 Apr. (Insight section) 11 i/5 Renault has 10-liter engines we can use for our lower-horsepower ratings... This is where complementation between Renault and Mack starts to take effect.

Draft additions 1997

3. Mathematics and Computing. [Probably < French complémentation (A. Tarski 1931, in Fundamenta Mathematicae 17 225).] The operation of finding the complement of a set, number, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > mathematics > [noun] > mathematical enquiry > process of calculating

accountinga1387

workingc1400

work1557

approximation1695

calculating1710

composition1827

figuring1859

extension1861

complementation1946

1946 A. W. Burks in Moore School Lect. (1985) 92 By contrast, complementation in the nines system is easy, since every digit (except the sign digit) is treated the same, and since no carry-overs can occur.

1968 E. T. Copson Metric Spaces i. 9 Let A, B, C be subsets of a given set E. Then the operations of union, intersection and complementation have the following properties: (a) A ∪ A' = E, A ∩ A' = ϕ.[Etc.].

1982 W. S. Hatcher Logical Found. Math. iii. 81 These are the usual laws governing the operations of union, intersection, and complementation.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1972; most recently modified version published online March 2019).

单词	complementation
释义	complementationn. /ˌkɒmplɪmɛnˈteɪʃən/ Etymology: < complement v. + -ation suffix. Linguistics. Complementary distribution (see complementary adj. 1e). ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of speech sound > speech sound > [noun] > complementary distribution complementary distribution1934 complementation1937 1937 M. Swadesh in Language XIII. 7 Complementation is one of the characteristics of positional variants. 1948 E. A. Nida in Language 24 422 The forms I and me generally occur in complementation: I occurs in preverbal subject position, me in postverbal object position and after prepositions. 1965 R. D. Stevick in Eng. Studies Feb. 35 Neither of the potential patterns in which relatives þe and þat stood in normal complementation were ever realized. Draft additions 1997 a. Completion by the addition of a complement or of complementary matter; also, the fact or condition of constituting such completion, complementarity (esp. in in complementation). ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > [noun] > completion or complement complement1398 teleiosis1833 complementation1931 the world > relative properties > wholeness > completeness > completely [phrase] > by addition of complementary matter in complementation1958 1931 Economist 30 May 1151/1 The Commonwealth and State Savings Banks have already announced a 1 per cent reduction in their interest rates, conditional upon the complementation of the scheme. 1958 Southern Reporter (U.S.) 102 508/2 Such documentary evidence may be received in complementation of the pleadings to determine in limine whether plaintiff's cause of action is well founded. Draft additions 1997 2. a. The combining of complementary colours (see complementary adj. 1c). rare. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > [noun] > complementary colour > combining of complementation1934 1934 in N. Webster Dict. b. Genetics. The phenomenon by which a phenotypic character affected by two or more different mutations is displayed normally in a hybrid or heterokaryon containing both of them (taken as indicating that the mutations are on different, non-allelic, genes). ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > genetic activity > genetic constitution > [noun] > phenotype > phenotypic effects potency1916 pleiotropism1927 position effect1930 penetrance1934 pleiotropy1938 complementation1958 1958 Cold Spring Harbor Symp. Quant. Biol. 23 137/1 Two cases have been described recently..in which mutants, each lacking a particular function, show partial manifestation of the function when combined in a heterocaryon... Each set of mutants is divisible into three groups, A, B, and C, on the basis of heterocaryon complementation. 1964 D. Michie in G. H. Haggis et al. Introd. Molecular Biol. x. 269 The result of mixed infection is italicized in the table to emphasize that complementation does not here occur. 1984 M. J. Taussig Processes in Pathol. & Microbiol. (ed. 2) vi. 733 The approach is to look for gene complementation, i.e. a situation in which fusion of two cancer cells produces a non-malignant hybrid. 1990 EMBO Jrnl. 9 3876/1 By genetic complementation analysis, we had previously shown that four genes..are necessary for normal production of the toxin. c. The complementary action of two or more commercial enterprises, spec. an accord between a company and two or more governments to lower or eliminate duties mutually on items produced by that manufacturer in one or more of the signatory states, thus inducing further local investment by the company. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > importing and exporting > [noun] > other import or export issues stoppage in transitu, in transit1810 complementation1979 1979 Facts on File 23 Feb. 133/2 Under the government's new ‘complementation scheme’, vehicle manufacturers would be allowed..to use export credits to meet 5% of the local content requirement. 1979 Financial Rev. (Austral.) 1 May 34 The recently announced government plans to permit import complementation by Australian car manufacturers. 1990 Automotive News 23 Apr. (Insight section) 11 i/5 Renault has 10-liter engines we can use for our lower-horsepower ratings... This is where complementation between Renault and Mack starts to take effect. Draft additions 1997 3. Mathematics and Computing. [Probably < French complémentation (A. Tarski 1931, in Fundamenta Mathematicae 17 225).] The operation of finding the complement of a set, number, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > mathematics > [noun] > mathematical enquiry > process of calculating accountinga1387 workingc1400 work1557 approximation1695 calculating1710 composition1827 figuring1859 extension1861 complementation1946 1946 A. W. Burks in Moore School Lect. (1985) 92 By contrast, complementation in the nines system is easy, since every digit (except the sign digit) is treated the same, and since no carry-overs can occur. 1968 E. T. Copson Metric Spaces i. 9 Let A, B, C be subsets of a given set E. Then the operations of union, intersection and complementation have the following properties: (a) A ∪ A' = E, A ∩ A' = ϕ.[Etc.]. 1982 W. S. Hatcher Logical Found. Math. iii. 81 These are the usual laws governing the operations of union, intersection, and complementation. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1972; most recently modified version published online March 2019). < n.1931
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