conventiclen.

/kənˈvɛntɪk(ə)l/

Forms: Also Middle English conventicule.

Etymology: < Latin conventiculum assembly, meeting, association, also place of assembly; in form diminutive of conventus assembly, meeting, but not having in classical Latin any diminutive or depreciatory sense. It was applied, apparently by the Roman Christians themselves, to their meeting-houses, or places of worship, and is so used in the edict of Galerius, a.d. 311, permitting them to be rebuilt. In medieval Latin the word began to receive a derisive or contemptuous, and hence bad sense; according to Du Cange ‘de hæreticis proprie dicitur’. The 4th Council of Carthage has ‘conventicula hereticorum non ecclesia sed conciliabula appellantur’(Du Cange), where, however, the word itself is merely = ‘assembly’, or ‘little assembly’; but assemblies of separatists, heretics, or reformers, being usually small and private, in comparison with the great public assemblies of the popular church, were naturally designated by the diminutive form, which gradually acquired from this association an unfavourable connotation. In English, the word has been used in the good or neutral sense received from ancient Latin; also, in the opprobrious sense in reference to private or clandestine meetings, first of a civil or political, and afterwards of a religious character. Although the ecclesiastical application arose directly out of the political, and was never thoroughly distinct from it in English Law, it was in common use largely affected also by the mediæval association with meetings of sectaries or heretics. Compare French conventicule, 16th cent. in Littré, ‘prohibition des conventicules [pour le protestantisme]’. In all the early verse quotations, from Shakespeare, Beaumont and Fletcher, Daniel, Crowne, Butler, Dryden, etc., it is accented ˌconvenˈticle or ˈconvenˌticle (rhyming in Hudibras iii. ii. 1388 with ‘stickle’); Bailey's folio, 1730–6, accents ˈconventicle; and Cowper, Task ii. 437, originally wrote ‘the nasal twang, At ˈconvenˌticle heard’, but altered it in ed. 3 (1787) to ‘Heard at conˈventicle’.

I. A meeting secular or religious.

†1.

a. An assembly, a meeting; esp. a regular meeting of any society, corporation, body, or order of men. Obsolete. [Latin conventus and conventiculum.]

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > association for a common purpose > meeting or assembling for common purpose > [noun] > a meeting > types of

morn-speechOE

court1154

morrow-speech1183

conventicle1382

congregation1389

plenary session1483

journeyc1500

night school1529

assession1560

general meeting1565

family meeting1638

panegyris1647

desk1691

collegea1703

annual general meeting1725

mass meeting1733

panegyre1757

plenum1772

family council1797

coterie1805

Round Table1830

GA1844

indignation meeting1848

protest meeting1852

hui1858

primary1859

Quaker meeting1861

mothers' meeting1865

sit-down1868

town hall1912

jamboree1919

protest rally1921

con1940

face-to-face1960

morning prayers1961

struggle meeting1966

be-in1967

love-in1967

plenary1969

catch-up1972

rencontre1975

schmoozefest1976

1382 J. Wyclif Psalms xv[i]. 4 I shal not gadere to gidere the conventiculis [1388 ethir litle couentis] of hem of blodis [L. conventicula eorum de sanguinibus, after Gk. συναγωγὰς].

1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Rolls) VIII. 149 Þis William..made openliche conventicles and counsailes and gadrynge of men.

a1483 Liber Niger in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (1790) 49 Item [The Deane of the Chappell] ought every Friday to kepe a conventicle with them all [chanters, etc.] and there to reherse the fautes.

1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Matt. x. f. 63 Will plucke you as yll doers into theyr counsels and conuentycles [ver. 17, ἐν ταῖς συναγωγαῖς].

1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 75 He caused a conuocation of Bishops to be holden at Westmynster... In which conuenticle, then being present all the Bishoppes and Abbottes.

1590 R. Greene Neuer too Late i. 35 He [sc. the Mayor]..called a Conuenticle of his Brethren.

1612 J. Speed Theatre of Empire of Great Brit. i. ii. 4/1 What could not be there decided, was referred to a Societie or conventicle of greater iurisdiction.

a1625 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Knight of Malta i. iii, in Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Kkkkk^v/1 To you, and all this famous Conventicle, Let me, with modesty refuse acceptance Of this high order.

1650 J. Row & J. Row Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1842) 392 Not by a..Conventicle of bishops and doctors.

†b. The action of assembling, assembly. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > association for a common purpose > meeting or assembling for common purpose > [noun]

meetingc1330

convention1490

visaginga1500

conventicle1589

conventinga1625

conjuncture1644

convening1659

congress1675

1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie i. xiii. 24 They had yet no large halles or places of conuenticle.

†2. A little assembly, a meeting of a private character. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > association for a common purpose > meeting or assembling for common purpose > [noun] > a meeting > types of > private or secret

conclave1569

conventicle1604

areopagy1646

1604 R. Cawdrey Table Alphabet. Conuenticle, a little assemblie.

1649 Bp. J. Taylor Great Exemplar Pref. ⁋34 The societies of Christians growing up from Conventicles to Assemblies..little by little turned the Common-wealth into a Church.

1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. ix. 102 No disgrace is imported in the notation of the word Conventicle, sounding nothing else but a small Convention... However Custome (the sole mint-master of currant words) hath took of Conventicles from signifying a small number, to denote the meeting of such (how many soever) in a clandestine way, contrary to the commands of the present lawfull Authority.

1656 T. Blount Glossographia Conventicle, a little or private Assembly.

†3. A meeting or assembly of a clandestine, irregular, or illegal character, or considered to have sinister purpose or tendency. Obsolete.In many of the quotations conventicle is associated with other terms, as congregation, gathering, assembly, the unfavourable sense being conveyed by the context; but it is evident that the term came to be considered as specially fitted to express disapprobation. (Cf. sense 2.)[Cf. Edict John I. of France (1316) III. Ordin. p. 63 (Du Cange) Colligationes aut conventiculas factas aut initas in castro.]

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > association for a common purpose > meeting or assembling for common purpose > [noun] > a meeting > types of > for the purposes of sedition or intrigue

conventicle1383

consultc1634

1383 in H. T. Riley Mem. London 480 That no man make none congregaciouns, conventicules, ne assembles of poeple.

1422 Act 1 Hen. VI c. 3 Pur tant qe diverses homicides murdres rapes roberies & autres felonies riotes conventicles & malefaitz jatarde ount estez faitz en diverses countees dEngleterre par gentz neez en Irlande.]

c1438 King Henry VI in J. O. Halliwell Lett. Kings Eng. (1846) I. 118 Not suffering privy gatherings, or conventicles to be had or made by night or by day thereabout.

c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 50 Foul spechis..or conuenticlis purposing iuel, as þeft or manslawt, or swilk oþer.

1512 Act 4 Hen. VIII c. 14 Preamb. Confederycies, riotys, routys, conventicles, unlawfull lyeng in wayte.

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. xxxiiii Dyuers Conuenticulis and gaderynges were made of the Cytezeyns & other, that Robbyd in dyuers places of the Cytie and dyd moche harme.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. clxxv^v The erles of Marche and Warwicke..had knowledge of all these doynges, and secrete conuenticles.

1581 W. Lambarde Eirenarcha i. xix. 173 Unlawful Conuenticles bee not al of one sort: for sometimes those are called Conuenticles, wherein many do impart with others their meaning to kill a man, or to take one an others part in al things, or such like.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) iii. i. 166 I, all of you haue lay'd your heads together, My selfe had notice of your Conuenticles, And all to make away my guiltlesse Life.

1616 J. Bullokar Eng. Expositor Conuenticle, a little assembly, most commonly for an ill purpose.

1643 W. Prynne Soveraigne Power Parl. App. 26 The Commons..drew them to Conventicles and Companies.

a1718 W. Penn Wks. (1726) I. 465 Conventicle is a diminutive private Assembly, designing and contriving Evil to particular Persons, or the Government in general.

a. A religious meeting or assembly of a private, clandestine, or illegal kind; a meeting for the exercise of religion otherwise than as sanctioned by the law.In the statutes of Henry IV and V, not distinct from sense 3; the special sense begins under Henry VIII.

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > worship > observance, ritual > meeting for observance > [noun] > clandestine

conventiclea1530

conventicling1626

house conventicle1670

1400–1 Act 2 Hen. IV c. 15 De hujusmodi secta nefandisque doctrinis & opinionibus conventiculas & confederationes illicitas faciunt scolas tenent & exercent.

1414 Act 2 Hen. V Stat. i. c. 7 Denquerer de toutz yceux qi teignent ascuns errours ou heresies come lollardes..si bien de lour sermons come de lour escoles conventicles congregations & confederacies.]

a1530 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfeccyon (1531) iii. f. CCxxiii^v He sente a flode after her, by the whiche is vnderstanded the conuentycle of heretykes.

1550 Ridley in E. Cardwell Documentary Ann. Church Eng. (1844) I. 91 Whether any of the Anabaptists' sect, or other, use notoriously any unlawful or private conventicles..separating themselves from the rest of the parish?

1579 W. Fulke Confut. Treat. N. Sander in D. Heskins Ouerthrowne 586 The Nouatians kept conuenticles from the Catholiks.

1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 11 When some Men seeke Christ, in the Conuenticles of Heretikes, and others, in an Outward Face of a Church.

1638 W. Chillingworth Relig. Protestants i. vii. §27. 401 Yet are not to be sought for in the Conventicle of Papists.

1676 W. Hubbard Happiness of People 40 The Conventicles or meetings of the Arrians.

a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1656 (1955) III. 181 To Lond, to receive the B: Sacrament, & was the first time that ever the Church of England was reduced to a Chamber & Conventicle, so sharp was the Persecution.

1750 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 30 Apr. (1932) (modernized text) IV. 1532 You..preferred the established Italian assemblies, to the English conventicles set up against them by dissenting English ladies.

1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall III. 25 The rigorous prohibition of conventicles..in which the [Arian] heretics could assemble with the intention of worshipping.

1827 H. Hallam Constit. Hist. Eng. II. xi. 177 [Under Cromwell] episcopalian conventicles were openly kept in London.

1872 C. H. Spurgeon Treasury of David III. Ps. lxxiv. 8 One object of persecutors has always been to put an end to all conventicles, as they have called them.

b. spec. in English History. A meeting of (Protestant) Nonconformists or Dissenters from the Church of England for religious worship, during the period when such meetings were prohibited by the law.This specific application gradually became distinct after 1593, and may be said to have been recognized by the ‘Conventicle Act’ of 1664; for although the word there occurs in constant conjunction with assembly and meeting, and always with qualification, it was entitled ‘An Act to prevent and suppress seditious conventicles’, by which title it is cited in the Act of Toleration of 1689. The application to Nonconformist worship after its legalization or ‘establishment’ in 1689, and esp. after the repeal of the Conventicle Act in 1812, comes, according to circumstances, from a historical survival of the idea of illegality or from a living idea of schism or heresy.

ΚΠ

1593 Act 35 Eliz. c. 1 To..be present at any unlawful Assemblies, Conventicles or Meetings, under Colour or Pretence of any Exercise of Religion.

1631 in S. R. Gardiner Rep. Cases Star Chamber & High Comm. (1886) 200 Mr. Viccars preacheth at Stamford and blesseth some and curseth others that doe not frequent his conventicles.

1663 S. Pepys Diary 27 May (1971) IV. 159 The first [bill]..is, he [sc. Roger Pepys] says, too devilish a severe act against conventicles.

1664 Act 16 Chas. II c. 4 (Conventicle Act) Any Assembly Conventicle or Meeting under colour or pretence of any Exercise of Religion in other manner than is allowed by the Liturgy or practise of the Church of England.

1664 S. Pepys Diary 7 Aug. (1971) V. 235 Came by several poor creatures, carried by by Constables for being at a conventicle.

1678 S. Butler Hudibras: Third Pt. iii. ii. 173 Take All Religions in, and Stickle, From Conclave down to Conventicle.

1682 J. Dryden Medall 17 A Conventicle of gloomy sullen Saints.

1711 Act 10 Anne c. 6 (Occasional Conformity Act) Present at any Conventicle Assembly or Meeting..for the Exercise of Religion in other Manner than according to the Liturgy and Practice of the Church of England..at which Conventicle Assembly or Meeting there shall be Ten Persons or more assembled together over and besides those of the same Houshold.

1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 127. ¶7 I wish it may not drive many ordinary Women into Meetings and Conventicles.

1827 H. Hallam Constit. Hist. Eng. I. iv. 199 When..even those who voluntarily renounced the temporal advantages of the establishment were hunted from their private conventicles.

1878 W. E. H. Lecky Hist. Eng. 18th Cent. II. v. 39 It was made a capital offence to preach in any conventicle.

c. In Scottish History more especially associated with the field preaching (field-conventicles) of the Presbyterian ministers during the reigns of Charles II and James II, which was often attended by large numbers of armed men ( armed conventicles).

ΚΠ

1667 in R. Wodrow Hist. Sufferings Church of Scotl. (1721) I. ii. v. 319 Upon Notice of any numerous Conventicle..you shall do your utmost endeavour to seize the Minister.

1678 Let. 6 Aug. in J. Dodds Sc. Covenanters vii On Sunday last there was a conventicle in the west country in Carrick that the like hath not been seen in Scotland, for there were, as is said, above 600 well-appointed men in arms, and above 7000 common people.

a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 292 House Conventicles, crouded without the doors, or at the windows, were to be reckoned, and punished, as Field Conventicles.

1828 W. Scott Tales of Grandfather (1841) 2nd Ser. l. 223 The custom of holding field conventicles was adopted.

1828 W. Scott Tales of Grandfather (1841) 2nd Ser. l. 223 The number of armed conventicles increased.

1888 M. Morris Claverhouse vi. 106 News..of an unusually large and well-armed conventicle to be held at Blacklock [in 1684].

in extended use.1686 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Staffs. i. 10 Wizards and Witches have sometimes their field Conventicles.

†5. Applied controversially or opprobriously, to any assembly of which the public or regular character is denied: a ‘hole-and-corner’ meeting.

ΚΠ

1626 R. Bernard Isle of Man ii. 283 We haue long desired a Free General Councell, but not a gathering together like the lewd Conuenticle of Trent.

1635 E. Pagitt Christianographie (1636) i. iii. 130 Against this assembly Francis the French King protested and helde it but for a private Conventicle.

1682 G. Topham Rome's Trad. 216 Things look now with another face than they did before the Conventicle of Trent.

II. A place of meeting or assembling.

6. gen. Also figurative. rare.

ΚΠ

1596 Raigne of Edward III sig. B4^v In the sommer arber sit by me, Make it our counsel house, or cabynet: Since greene our thoughts, greene be the conuenticle.

1865 D. Masson Recent Brit. Philos. ii. 33 On this ground of Consciousness..as the repository, storehouse, or conventicle of all knowledge.

†7. Used to render Latin conventiculum applied to the early Christian places of worship in Rome. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

311 Edict of Galerius in Lactantius De Morte Persec. xxxiv Promptissimam in his quoque indulgentiam nostram credidimus porrigendam, ut denuo sint christiani, et conventicula sua componant. See also v. 11. 10, xxxvi. §3.]

1563 2nd Tome Homelyes Idolatry iii, in J. Griffiths Two Bks. Homilies (1859) ii. 255 In Maximinian and Constantius the Emperors' proclamation the places where Christians resorted to public prayer were called ‘Conventicles’.

8. A nonconformist or dissenting meeting-house. Hence put for nonconformity as a system or practice. (Now rhetorical or opprobrious.)

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > artefacts > sanctuary or holy place > chapel > [noun] > nonconformist

conventicle?1550

meeting-place1589

meeting1593

meeting house1632

chapel1662

pantile1714

tabernacle1768

gospel-shop?1782

schism-shop1801

bethel1840

schism-house1843

Ebenezer1849

Bethesda1857

Salem1857

praise house1862

?1550 J. Bale Apol. agaynste Papyst 118 Every where appoynted they howses of prayer..called conventycles or places of assembly for sober honest men and not for prestes and nunnes.

1682 J. Dryden Medall Epist. Whigs sig. a1 I hear the Conventicle is shut up.

1688–9 Luzancy in S. Pepys Diary & Corr. (1879) VI. 164 A conventicle set up here since this unhappy Liberty of Conscience.

1793 Copper-Plate Mag. No. 22 Though five only of the parishes have churches, there are six conventicles, or meeting-houses.

1830 I. D'Israeli Comm. Life Charles I III. xi. 229 These new levellers would have converted a cathedral into a conventicle.

1845 Parl. Deb. 3rd Ser. 79 823 Not through the portals of the cathedrals and the parish churches, but from the conventicles.

1891 Anti-Jacobin 21 Mar. 182/2 His intellectual faculties, when not engaged in the mill or the counting-house, have free course in the conventicle.

†9. A small convent. Obsolete. [Compare conventicula monachorum, a.d. 962 in Du Cange.]

ΘΚΠ

society > faith > church government > monasticism > [noun] > religious foundation > small dependent

celllOE

conventicle1550

1550 in Acts Privy Council (1891) III. 73 All monasteries and religiouse houses, and all conventicles and conventes of monkes, freeres, nonnes..and other persons called religiouse.

1603 Contin. Adv. Don Sebastian in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) II. 406 A gentleman of Venice..came to the town to the conventicles of St. Francis..where the King lay concealed.

Compounds

C1. attributive and in other combinations, as conventicle preacher, etc.

ΚΠ

a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1962) X. 84 All true purification is in the light; corner purity, clandestine purity, conventicle purity is not purity.

1837 Hist. Eng. (Lardner) VII. x. 360 That the conventicle preacher should be hunted down.

C2.

Conventicle Acts n. the acts 16 Chas. II, c. 4 and 22 Chas. II, c. 1 ‘to prevent and suppress seditious Conventicles’.

ΚΠ

1820 R. Southey Life Wesley II. 536 His friends advised that an application should be made to Parliament for the repeal of the Conventicle Act.

1837 Hist. Eng. (Lardner) VII. ii. 39 (note) The English protestantism which inspired the conventicle act has little right to reproach French popery with intolerance and persecution.

1884 Statutes (ed. 9) Index 234 Conventicles Act (repealed by 52 Geo. 3. c. 155. s. 1).

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

单词	conventicle
释义	conventiclen. /kənˈvɛntɪk(ə)l/ Forms: Also Middle English conventicule. Etymology: < Latin conventiculum assembly, meeting, association, also place of assembly; in form diminutive of conventus assembly, meeting, but not having in classical Latin any diminutive or depreciatory sense. It was applied, apparently by the Roman Christians themselves, to their meeting-houses, or places of worship, and is so used in the edict of Galerius, a.d. 311, permitting them to be rebuilt. In medieval Latin the word began to receive a derisive or contemptuous, and hence bad sense; according to Du Cange ‘de hæreticis proprie dicitur’. The 4th Council of Carthage has ‘conventicula hereticorum non ecclesia sed conciliabula appellantur’(Du Cange), where, however, the word itself is merely = ‘assembly’, or ‘little assembly’; but assemblies of separatists, heretics, or reformers, being usually small and private, in comparison with the great public assemblies of the popular church, were naturally designated by the diminutive form, which gradually acquired from this association an unfavourable connotation. In English, the word has been used in the good or neutral sense received from ancient Latin; also, in the opprobrious sense in reference to private or clandestine meetings, first of a civil or political, and afterwards of a religious character. Although the ecclesiastical application arose directly out of the political, and was never thoroughly distinct from it in English Law, it was in common use largely affected also by the mediæval association with meetings of sectaries or heretics. Compare French conventicule, 16th cent. in Littré, ‘prohibition des conventicules [pour le protestantisme]’. In all the early verse quotations, from Shakespeare, Beaumont and Fletcher, Daniel, Crowne, Butler, Dryden, etc., it is accented ˌconvenˈticle or ˈconvenˌticle (rhyming in Hudibras iii. ii. 1388 with ‘stickle’); Bailey's folio, 1730–6, accents ˈconventicle; and Cowper, Task ii. 437, originally wrote ‘the nasal twang, At ˈconvenˌticle heard’, but altered it in ed. 3 (1787) to ‘Heard at conˈventicle’. I. A meeting secular or religious. †1. a. An assembly, a meeting; esp. a regular meeting of any society, corporation, body, or order of men. Obsolete. [Latin conventus and conventiculum.] ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > association for a common purpose > meeting or assembling for common purpose > [noun] > a meeting > types of morn-speechOE court1154 morrow-speech1183 conventicle1382 congregation1389 plenary session1483 journeyc1500 night school1529 assession1560 general meeting1565 family meeting1638 panegyris1647 desk1691 collegea1703 annual general meeting1725 mass meeting1733 panegyre1757 plenum1772 family council1797 coterie1805 Round Table1830 GA1844 indignation meeting1848 protest meeting1852 hui1858 primary1859 Quaker meeting1861 mothers' meeting1865 sit-down1868 town hall1912 jamboree1919 protest rally1921 con1940 face-to-face1960 morning prayers1961 struggle meeting1966 be-in1967 love-in1967 plenary1969 catch-up1972 rencontre1975 schmoozefest1976 1382 J. Wyclif Psalms xv[i]. 4 I shal not gadere to gidere the conventiculis [1388 ethir litle couentis] of hem of blodis [L. conventicula eorum de sanguinibus, after Gk. συναγωγὰς]. 1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (Rolls) VIII. 149 Þis William..made openliche conventicles and counsailes and gadrynge of men. a1483 Liber Niger in Coll. Ordinances Royal Househ. (1790) 49 Item [The Deane of the Chappell] ought every Friday to kepe a conventicle with them all [chanters, etc.] and there to reherse the fautes. 1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Matt. x. f. 63 Will plucke you as yll doers into theyr counsels and conuentycles [ver. 17, ἐν ταῖς συναγωγαῖς]. 1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 75 He caused a conuocation of Bishops to be holden at Westmynster... In which conuenticle, then being present all the Bishoppes and Abbottes. 1590 R. Greene Neuer too Late i. 35 He [sc. the Mayor]..called a Conuenticle of his Brethren. 1612 J. Speed Theatre of Empire of Great Brit. i. ii. 4/1 What could not be there decided, was referred to a Societie or conventicle of greater iurisdiction. a1625 F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Knight of Malta i. iii, in Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Kkkkk^v/1 To you, and all this famous Conventicle, Let me, with modesty refuse acceptance Of this high order. 1650 J. Row & J. Row Hist. Kirk Scotl. (1842) 392 Not by a..Conventicle of bishops and doctors. †b. The action of assembling, assembly. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > association for a common purpose > meeting or assembling for common purpose > [noun] meetingc1330 convention1490 visaginga1500 conventicle1589 conventinga1625 conjuncture1644 convening1659 congress1675 1589 G. Puttenham Arte Eng. Poesie i. xiii. 24 They had yet no large halles or places of conuenticle. †2. A little assembly, a meeting of a private character. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > association for a common purpose > meeting or assembling for common purpose > [noun] > a meeting > types of > private or secret conclave1569 conventicle1604 areopagy1646 1604 R. Cawdrey Table Alphabet. Conuenticle, a little assemblie. 1649 Bp. J. Taylor Great Exemplar Pref. ⁋34 The societies of Christians growing up from Conventicles to Assemblies..little by little turned the Common-wealth into a Church. 1655 T. Fuller Church-hist. Brit. ix. 102 No disgrace is imported in the notation of the word Conventicle, sounding nothing else but a small Convention... However Custome (the sole mint-master of currant words) hath took of Conventicles from signifying a small number, to denote the meeting of such (how many soever) in a clandestine way, contrary to the commands of the present lawfull Authority. 1656 T. Blount Glossographia Conventicle, a little or private Assembly. †3. A meeting or assembly of a clandestine, irregular, or illegal character, or considered to have sinister purpose or tendency. Obsolete.In many of the quotations conventicle is associated with other terms, as congregation, gathering, assembly, the unfavourable sense being conveyed by the context; but it is evident that the term came to be considered as specially fitted to express disapprobation. (Cf. sense 2.)[Cf. Edict John I. of France (1316) III. Ordin. p. 63 (Du Cange) Colligationes aut conventiculas factas aut initas in castro.] ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > association for a common purpose > meeting or assembling for common purpose > [noun] > a meeting > types of > for the purposes of sedition or intrigue conventicle1383 consultc1634 1383 in H. T. Riley Mem. London 480 That no man make none congregaciouns, conventicules, ne assembles of poeple. 1422 Act 1 Hen. VI c. 3 Pur tant qe diverses homicides murdres rapes roberies & autres felonies riotes conventicles & malefaitz jatarde ount estez faitz en diverses countees dEngleterre par gentz neez en Irlande.] c1438 King Henry VI in J. O. Halliwell Lett. Kings Eng. (1846) I. 118 Not suffering privy gatherings, or conventicles to be had or made by night or by day thereabout. c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 50 Foul spechis..or conuenticlis purposing iuel, as þeft or manslawt, or swilk oþer. 1512 Act 4 Hen. VIII c. 14 Preamb. Confederycies, riotys, routys, conventicles, unlawfull lyeng in wayte. a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. xxxiiii Dyuers Conuenticulis and gaderynges were made of the Cytezeyns & other, that Robbyd in dyuers places of the Cytie and dyd moche harme. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Henry VI f. clxxv^v The erles of Marche and Warwicke..had knowledge of all these doynges, and secrete conuenticles. 1581 W. Lambarde Eirenarcha i. xix. 173 Unlawful Conuenticles bee not al of one sort: for sometimes those are called Conuenticles, wherein many do impart with others their meaning to kill a man, or to take one an others part in al things, or such like. a1616 W. Shakespeare Henry VI, Pt. 2 (1623) iii. i. 166 I, all of you haue lay'd your heads together, My selfe had notice of your Conuenticles, And all to make away my guiltlesse Life. View more context for this quotation 1616 J. Bullokar Eng. Expositor Conuenticle, a little assembly, most commonly for an ill purpose. 1643 W. Prynne Soveraigne Power Parl. App. 26 The Commons..drew them to Conventicles and Companies. a1718 W. Penn Wks. (1726) I. 465 Conventicle is a diminutive private Assembly, designing and contriving Evil to particular Persons, or the Government in general. 4. a. A religious meeting or assembly of a private, clandestine, or illegal kind; a meeting for the exercise of religion otherwise than as sanctioned by the law.In the statutes of Henry IV and V, not distinct from sense 3; the special sense begins under Henry VIII. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > observance, ritual > meeting for observance > [noun] > clandestine conventiclea1530 conventicling1626 house conventicle1670 1400–1 Act 2 Hen. IV c. 15 De hujusmodi secta nefandisque doctrinis & opinionibus conventiculas & confederationes illicitas faciunt scolas tenent & exercent. 1414 Act 2 Hen. V Stat. i. c. 7 Denquerer de toutz yceux qi teignent ascuns errours ou heresies come lollardes..si bien de lour sermons come de lour escoles conventicles congregations & confederacies.] a1530 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfeccyon (1531) iii. f. CCxxiii^v He sente a flode after her, by the whiche is vnderstanded the conuentycle of heretykes. 1550 Ridley in E. Cardwell Documentary Ann. Church Eng. (1844) I. 91 Whether any of the Anabaptists' sect, or other, use notoriously any unlawful or private conventicles..separating themselves from the rest of the parish? 1579 W. Fulke Confut. Treat. N. Sander in D. Heskins Ouerthrowne 586 The Nouatians kept conuenticles from the Catholiks. 1625 F. Bacon Ess. (new ed.) 11 When some Men seeke Christ, in the Conuenticles of Heretikes, and others, in an Outward Face of a Church. 1638 W. Chillingworth Relig. Protestants i. vii. §27. 401 Yet are not to be sought for in the Conventicle of Papists. 1676 W. Hubbard Happiness of People 40 The Conventicles or meetings of the Arrians. a1684 J. Evelyn Diary anno 1656 (1955) III. 181 To Lond, to receive the B: Sacrament, & was the first time that ever the Church of England was reduced to a Chamber & Conventicle, so sharp was the Persecution. 1750 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 30 Apr. (1932) (modernized text) IV. 1532 You..preferred the established Italian assemblies, to the English conventicles set up against them by dissenting English ladies. 1781 E. Gibbon Decline & Fall III. 25 The rigorous prohibition of conventicles..in which the [Arian] heretics could assemble with the intention of worshipping. 1827 H. Hallam Constit. Hist. Eng. II. xi. 177 [Under Cromwell] episcopalian conventicles were openly kept in London. 1872 C. H. Spurgeon Treasury of David III. Ps. lxxiv. 8 One object of persecutors has always been to put an end to all conventicles, as they have called them. b. spec. in English History. A meeting of (Protestant) Nonconformists or Dissenters from the Church of England for religious worship, during the period when such meetings were prohibited by the law.This specific application gradually became distinct after 1593, and may be said to have been recognized by the ‘Conventicle Act’ of 1664; for although the word there occurs in constant conjunction with assembly and meeting, and always with qualification, it was entitled ‘An Act to prevent and suppress seditious conventicles’, by which title it is cited in the Act of Toleration of 1689. The application to Nonconformist worship after its legalization or ‘establishment’ in 1689, and esp. after the repeal of the Conventicle Act in 1812, comes, according to circumstances, from a historical survival of the idea of illegality or from a living idea of schism or heresy. ΚΠ 1593 Act 35 Eliz. c. 1 To..be present at any unlawful Assemblies, Conventicles or Meetings, under Colour or Pretence of any Exercise of Religion. 1631 in S. R. Gardiner Rep. Cases Star Chamber & High Comm. (1886) 200 Mr. Viccars preacheth at Stamford and blesseth some and curseth others that doe not frequent his conventicles. 1663 S. Pepys Diary 27 May (1971) IV. 159 The first [bill]..is, he [sc. Roger Pepys] says, too devilish a severe act against conventicles. 1664 Act 16 Chas. II c. 4 (Conventicle Act) Any Assembly Conventicle or Meeting under colour or pretence of any Exercise of Religion in other manner than is allowed by the Liturgy or practise of the Church of England. 1664 S. Pepys Diary 7 Aug. (1971) V. 235 Came by several poor creatures, carried by by Constables for being at a conventicle. 1678 S. Butler Hudibras: Third Pt. iii. ii. 173 Take All Religions in, and Stickle, From Conclave down to Conventicle. 1682 J. Dryden Medall 17 A Conventicle of gloomy sullen Saints. 1711 Act 10 Anne c. 6 (Occasional Conformity Act) Present at any Conventicle Assembly or Meeting..for the Exercise of Religion in other Manner than according to the Liturgy and Practice of the Church of England..at which Conventicle Assembly or Meeting there shall be Ten Persons or more assembled together over and besides those of the same Houshold. 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 127. ¶7 I wish it may not drive many ordinary Women into Meetings and Conventicles. 1827 H. Hallam Constit. Hist. Eng. I. iv. 199 When..even those who voluntarily renounced the temporal advantages of the establishment were hunted from their private conventicles. 1878 W. E. H. Lecky Hist. Eng. 18th Cent. II. v. 39 It was made a capital offence to preach in any conventicle. c. In Scottish History more especially associated with the field preaching (field-conventicles) of the Presbyterian ministers during the reigns of Charles II and James II, which was often attended by large numbers of armed men ( armed conventicles). ΚΠ 1667 in R. Wodrow Hist. Sufferings Church of Scotl. (1721) I. ii. v. 319 Upon Notice of any numerous Conventicle..you shall do your utmost endeavour to seize the Minister. 1678 Let. 6 Aug. in J. Dodds Sc. Covenanters vii On Sunday last there was a conventicle in the west country in Carrick that the like hath not been seen in Scotland, for there were, as is said, above 600 well-appointed men in arms, and above 7000 common people. a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 292 House Conventicles, crouded without the doors, or at the windows, were to be reckoned, and punished, as Field Conventicles. 1828 W. Scott Tales of Grandfather (1841) 2nd Ser. l. 223 The custom of holding field conventicles was adopted. 1828 W. Scott Tales of Grandfather (1841) 2nd Ser. l. 223 The number of armed conventicles increased. 1888 M. Morris Claverhouse vi. 106 News..of an unusually large and well-armed conventicle to be held at Blacklock [in 1684]. in extended use.1686 R. Plot Nat. Hist. Staffs. i. 10 Wizards and Witches have sometimes their field Conventicles. †5. Applied controversially or opprobriously, to any assembly of which the public or regular character is denied: a ‘hole-and-corner’ meeting. ΚΠ 1626 R. Bernard Isle of Man ii. 283 We haue long desired a Free General Councell, but not a gathering together like the lewd Conuenticle of Trent. 1635 E. Pagitt Christianographie (1636) i. iii. 130 Against this assembly Francis the French King protested and helde it but for a private Conventicle. 1682 G. Topham Rome's Trad. 216 Things look now with another face than they did before the Conventicle of Trent. II. A place of meeting or assembling. 6. gen. Also figurative. rare. ΚΠ 1596 Raigne of Edward III sig. B4^v In the sommer arber sit by me, Make it our counsel house, or cabynet: Since greene our thoughts, greene be the conuenticle. 1865 D. Masson Recent Brit. Philos. ii. 33 On this ground of Consciousness..as the repository, storehouse, or conventicle of all knowledge. †7. Used to render Latin conventiculum applied to the early Christian places of worship in Rome. Obsolete. ΚΠ 311 Edict of Galerius in Lactantius De Morte Persec. xxxiv Promptissimam in his quoque indulgentiam nostram credidimus porrigendam, ut denuo sint christiani, et conventicula sua componant. See also v. 11. 10, xxxvi. §3.] 1563 2nd Tome Homelyes Idolatry iii, in J. Griffiths Two Bks. Homilies (1859) ii. 255 In Maximinian and Constantius the Emperors' proclamation the places where Christians resorted to public prayer were called ‘Conventicles’. 8. A nonconformist or dissenting meeting-house. Hence put for nonconformity as a system or practice. (Now rhetorical or opprobrious.) ΘΚΠ society > faith > artefacts > sanctuary or holy place > chapel > [noun] > nonconformist conventicle?1550 meeting-place1589 meeting1593 meeting house1632 chapel1662 pantile1714 tabernacle1768 gospel-shop?1782 schism-shop1801 bethel1840 schism-house1843 Ebenezer1849 Bethesda1857 Salem1857 praise house1862 ?1550 J. Bale Apol. agaynste Papyst 118 Every where appoynted they howses of prayer..called conventycles or places of assembly for sober honest men and not for prestes and nunnes. 1682 J. Dryden Medall Epist. Whigs sig. a1 I hear the Conventicle is shut up. 1688–9 Luzancy in S. Pepys Diary & Corr. (1879) VI. 164 A conventicle set up here since this unhappy Liberty of Conscience. 1793 Copper-Plate Mag. No. 22 Though five only of the parishes have churches, there are six conventicles, or meeting-houses. 1830 I. D'Israeli Comm. Life Charles I III. xi. 229 These new levellers would have converted a cathedral into a conventicle. 1845 Parl. Deb. 3rd Ser. 79 823 Not through the portals of the cathedrals and the parish churches, but from the conventicles. 1891 Anti-Jacobin 21 Mar. 182/2 His intellectual faculties, when not engaged in the mill or the counting-house, have free course in the conventicle. †9. A small convent. Obsolete. [Compare conventicula monachorum, a.d. 962 in Du Cange.] ΘΚΠ society > faith > church government > monasticism > [noun] > religious foundation > small dependent celllOE conventicle1550 1550 in Acts Privy Council (1891) III. 73 All monasteries and religiouse houses, and all conventicles and conventes of monkes, freeres, nonnes..and other persons called religiouse. 1603 Contin. Adv. Don Sebastian in Harl. Misc. (Malh.) II. 406 A gentleman of Venice..came to the town to the conventicles of St. Francis..where the King lay concealed. Compounds C1. attributive and in other combinations, as conventicle preacher, etc. ΚΠ a1631 J. Donne Serm. (1962) X. 84 All true purification is in the light; corner purity, clandestine purity, conventicle purity is not purity. 1837 Hist. Eng. (Lardner) VII. x. 360 That the conventicle preacher should be hunted down. C2. Conventicle Acts n. the acts 16 Chas. II, c. 4 and 22 Chas. II, c. 1 ‘to prevent and suppress seditious Conventicles’. ΚΠ 1820 R. Southey Life Wesley II. 536 His friends advised that an application should be made to Parliament for the repeal of the Conventicle Act. 1837 Hist. Eng. (Lardner) VII. ii. 39 (note) The English protestantism which inspired the conventicle act has little right to reproach French popery with intolerance and persecution. 1884 Statutes (ed. 9) Index 234 Conventicles Act (repealed by 52 Geo. 3. c. 155. s. 1). This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online June 2021). conventiclev. Etymology: < conventicle n. Formerly accented ˈconvenˌticle.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: conˈventicle. †1. transitive. To form (persons) into a conventicle or irregular assembly, to band together. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > arrangement or fact of being arranged > state of being gathered together > gather together [verb (transitive)] > assemble (people or animals) gathera975 samOE flockc1275 assemble1297 ensemblea1300 sanka1300 semblea1325 applyc1384 minga1400 resemble1477 suma1500 congregatea1513 amass1573 troopa1592 convene1596 to scum together1596 conventicle1597 rally1603 entroop1609 rustle1883 1597–1602 W. Riding Sessions Rolls (Yorks. Archæol. Assoc.) 76 Uprore of people..raised and conventicled within the saide towne. †2. To convert (a place) into a conventicle. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1683 O. U. Parish-churches No Conventicles 34 Their little Variations about Modes..will not be of validity to conventicle or disconventicle Parochial Churches. 3. intransitive. To meet in a conventicle; to hold or frequent conventicles. ΘΚΠ society > faith > worship > observance, ritual > meeting for observance > meet for observance [verb (intransitive)] > attend conventicles conventicle1659 1659 T. Fuller Appeal Iniured Innocence i. 50 If factious people, should, in peaceable times, against lawfull Authority conventicle in a Barn or Stable. 1670 A. Marvell Let. 10 Mar. in Poems & Lett. (1971) II. 100 That one Fox a teacher of some fanaticall people in Wiltshire did conventicle there. 1680 G. Hickes Spirit of Popery 69 They [the Scotch] began to Conventicle in..formidable numbers..in the Fields. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online June 2019). < n.1382v.1597
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conventiclen.

Compounds

conventiclev.