convergentadj.n.

/kənˈvəːdʒənt/

Etymology: < Latin convergent-em, present participle of convergĕre to converge v.: so in modern French.

A. adj.

a. Inclining toward each other, or toward a common point of meeting; tending to meet in a point or focus; = converging adj. 1.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > inclination > state or quality of being convergent > [adjective]

concentrated1652

convergent1728

converging1776

corradial1825

synclinal1880

1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Converging, or Convergent Lines, in Geometry, are those which continually approximate, or whose distance becomes continually less and less.

1791 T. Martyn tr. J. J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. (ed. 3) xvi. 198 The filaments and anthers are convergent or bend towards each other.

1849 R. Browning Paracelsus v, in Poems I. 145 Some point where all those scattered rays should meet Convergent in the faculties of man.

1869 J. Tyndall Notes 9 Lect. on Light §79 Light moves in straight lines, which receive the name of rays. Such rays may be either divergent, parallel, or convergent.

Thesaurus »

b. of things immaterial, operations, etc. convergent breeding: ‘similarity in external characters concealing fundamental differences of structure in different animals’ ( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon 1882).

c. Composed of or formed by converging lines. convergent squint: strabismus in which the axes of the eyes converge.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > inclination > state or quality of being convergent > [adjective] > composed of or formed by things converging

focal1755

convergent1831

1831 D. Brewster Treat. Optics iv. §39. 34 The convergent point of converging rays.

1862 Sat. Rev. 8 Feb. 140 If General M'Clellan..meditates a convergent attack on all parts of the South.

1870 T. Holmes Syst. Surg. (ed. 2) III. 248 Strabismus may be either convergent or divergent.

d. Biology. Due to or characterized by convergence (see convergence n. 5); of similar structure but of different origin.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > biology > biological processes > evolution > [adjective] > processes or types of evolution

high?1548

recapitulative1836

retrogressive1853

transmutational1861

ontogenetic1869

convergent1871

phylogenetic1876

correlative1877

ontogenic1878

phylogenetical1879

phytogenetic1882

monotypic1888

phytogenetical1888

polytypic1888

ontogenal1890

phylogenal1890

recapitulatory1890

tachygenetic1893

ontogenetical1894

anagenetic1896

orthogenic1896

orthogenetic1899

macroevolutionary1937

microevolutionary1937

proterogenetic1938

speciational1944

parapatric1953

cladogenetic1957

allochronic1960

stasigenetic1965

stasipatric1967

speciating1970

punctuational1976

tachygenic-

1871 C. Darwin Descent of Man I. vii. 231 When man selects..the offspring of two distinct species, he sometimes induces..a considerable amount of convergence. This is the case..with the improved breeds of pigs, which are descended from two distinct species... In the case of the convergent pigs above referred to, evidence of their descent from two primitive stocks is..retained.

1897 T. J. Parker & W. A. Haswell Text-bk. Zool. II. 416 A convergent or polyphyletic group, owing its distinctive characters..to the independent acquisition of similar characters under the influence of like surroundings.

1911 A. Willing Convergence in Evol. i. 11 The distinction between convergent and normal morphogeny has long pervaded biological literature.

1953 G. Sarton Hist. Sci. I. i. 17 The theory of convergent evolution, or convergence (as the anthropologists call it), does not deny the frequent occurrence of borrowings and imitation between one people and another.

1963 E. Mayr Animal Species & Evol. xiii. 388 It would be a great mistake to conclude from the convergent similarity of these populations that they are necessarily derived from each other.

1968 R. D. Martin tr. W. Wickler Mimicry in Plants & Animals vii. 84 It could be required that Müllerian mimetic species should have developed their resemblances independently, that is by convergent evolution.

e. Psychology. Of thinking, reasoning, etc.: of a kind that tends towards only one answer to a problem: opposed to divergent adj. 2b.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > testing > resolving of problem, solution > [adjective] > by single answer

convergent1956

1956 J. P. Guilford in Psychol. Bull. 53 iv. 274 Production factors fall into two groups—convergent-thinking factors and divergent-thinking factors. Such a distinction seems not to have been emphasized in prior literature on thinking.

1964 Language 40 253 Such convergent–divergent differences are somehow replicated by cognitive differences in the speakers.

1971 Nature 29 Jan. 350/1 Several studies suggest that science students perform well with reasoning or numerical problems which require convergent thinking towards a single correct solution.

2. Mathematics. = converging adj. 2, as in convergent series. convergent fractions n. see B.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > numerical arrangement > [adjective] > of sets > of sequences > series

intermediate1648

converging1728

convergent1816

zeroth1850

tactical1864

oscillatory1893

termwise1903

sociable1964

1816 R. Jameson Treat. External Characters Minerals (ed. 2) 203 Convergent,..when in the preceding case [of a crystal] the series converges rapidly, as 15, 9, 3.

1858 I. Todhunter Algebra for Schools xl. §554 An infinite series is said to be convergent when the sum of the first n terms cannot numerically exceed some finite quantity, however great n may be.

1867 Wolstenholme Math. Problems 53 (heading) Convergent Fractions.

1885 H. W. Watson & S. H. Burbury Math. Theory Electr. & Magn. I. 32 Hence the series P₁ + P₂ +…is a convergent series.

3. convergent-nerved adj. (Bot.), (of leaves) having convergent nerves, ribs, or veins.

ΚΠ

1882 in New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon

B. n.

= convergent fractions n. at sense A. 2 or converging fractions at converging adj. 2.

ΚΠ

1858 I. Todhunter Algebra for Schools (1875) xliv. 369 The fractions formed by taking one, two, three..of the quotients of the continued fraction a + ¹/ _{b +}¹/ _{c +} &c. are called converging fractions or convergents..The convergents taken in order are alternately less and greater than the continued fraction.

1858 I. Todhunter Algebra for Schools (1875) xliv. 371 Every convergent is nearer to the continued fraction than any of the preceding convergents.

1893 N.E.D. at Convergent Mod. The first four convergents of π (3.14159..) are 31, 227, 333106, 355113 .

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online September 2020).

单词	convergent
释义	convergentadj.n. /kənˈvəːdʒənt/ Etymology: < Latin convergent-em, present participle of convergĕre to converge v.: so in modern French. A. adj. 1. a. Inclining toward each other, or toward a common point of meeting; tending to meet in a point or focus; = converging adj. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > inclination > state or quality of being convergent > [adjective] concentrated1652 convergent1728 converging1776 corradial1825 synclinal1880 1728 E. Chambers Cycl. Converging, or Convergent Lines, in Geometry, are those which continually approximate, or whose distance becomes continually less and less. 1791 T. Martyn tr. J. J. Rousseau Lett. Elements Bot. (ed. 3) xvi. 198 The filaments and anthers are convergent or bend towards each other. 1849 R. Browning Paracelsus v, in Poems I. 145 Some point where all those scattered rays should meet Convergent in the faculties of man. 1869 J. Tyndall Notes 9 Lect. on Light §79 Light moves in straight lines, which receive the name of rays. Such rays may be either divergent, parallel, or convergent. Thesaurus » b. of things immaterial, operations, etc. convergent breeding: ‘similarity in external characters concealing fundamental differences of structure in different animals’ ( New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon 1882). c. Composed of or formed by converging lines. convergent squint: strabismus in which the axes of the eyes converge. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > inclination > state or quality of being convergent > [adjective] > composed of or formed by things converging focal1755 convergent1831 1831 D. Brewster Treat. Optics iv. §39. 34 The convergent point of converging rays. 1862 Sat. Rev. 8 Feb. 140 If General M'Clellan..meditates a convergent attack on all parts of the South. 1870 T. Holmes Syst. Surg. (ed. 2) III. 248 Strabismus may be either convergent or divergent. d. Biology. Due to or characterized by convergence (see convergence n. 5); of similar structure but of different origin. ΘΚΠ the world > life > biology > biological processes > evolution > [adjective] > processes or types of evolution high?1548 recapitulative1836 retrogressive1853 transmutational1861 ontogenetic1869 convergent1871 phylogenetic1876 correlative1877 ontogenic1878 phylogenetical1879 phytogenetic1882 monotypic1888 phytogenetical1888 polytypic1888 ontogenal1890 phylogenal1890 recapitulatory1890 tachygenetic1893 ontogenetical1894 anagenetic1896 orthogenic1896 orthogenetic1899 macroevolutionary1937 microevolutionary1937 proterogenetic1938 speciational1944 parapatric1953 cladogenetic1957 allochronic1960 stasigenetic1965 stasipatric1967 speciating1970 punctuational1976 tachygenic- 1871 C. Darwin Descent of Man I. vii. 231 When man selects..the offspring of two distinct species, he sometimes induces..a considerable amount of convergence. This is the case..with the improved breeds of pigs, which are descended from two distinct species... In the case of the convergent pigs above referred to, evidence of their descent from two primitive stocks is..retained. 1897 T. J. Parker & W. A. Haswell Text-bk. Zool. II. 416 A convergent or polyphyletic group, owing its distinctive characters..to the independent acquisition of similar characters under the influence of like surroundings. 1911 A. Willing Convergence in Evol. i. 11 The distinction between convergent and normal morphogeny has long pervaded biological literature. 1953 G. Sarton Hist. Sci. I. i. 17 The theory of convergent evolution, or convergence (as the anthropologists call it), does not deny the frequent occurrence of borrowings and imitation between one people and another. 1963 E. Mayr Animal Species & Evol. xiii. 388 It would be a great mistake to conclude from the convergent similarity of these populations that they are necessarily derived from each other. 1968 R. D. Martin tr. W. Wickler Mimicry in Plants & Animals vii. 84 It could be required that Müllerian mimetic species should have developed their resemblances independently, that is by convergent evolution. e. Psychology. Of thinking, reasoning, etc.: of a kind that tends towards only one answer to a problem: opposed to divergent adj. 2b. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > testing > resolving of problem, solution > [adjective] > by single answer convergent1956 1956 J. P. Guilford in Psychol. Bull. 53 iv. 274 Production factors fall into two groups—convergent-thinking factors and divergent-thinking factors. Such a distinction seems not to have been emphasized in prior literature on thinking. 1964 Language 40 253 Such convergent–divergent differences are somehow replicated by cognitive differences in the speakers. 1971 Nature 29 Jan. 350/1 Several studies suggest that science students perform well with reasoning or numerical problems which require convergent thinking towards a single correct solution. 2. Mathematics. = converging adj. 2, as in convergent series. convergent fractions n. see B. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > number > mathematical number or quantity > numerical arrangement > [adjective] > of sets > of sequences > series intermediate1648 converging1728 convergent1816 zeroth1850 tactical1864 oscillatory1893 termwise1903 sociable1964 1816 R. Jameson Treat. External Characters Minerals (ed. 2) 203 Convergent,..when in the preceding case [of a crystal] the series converges rapidly, as 15, 9, 3. 1858 I. Todhunter Algebra for Schools xl. §554 An infinite series is said to be convergent when the sum of the first n terms cannot numerically exceed some finite quantity, however great n may be. 1867 Wolstenholme Math. Problems 53 (heading) Convergent Fractions. 1885 H. W. Watson & S. H. Burbury Math. Theory Electr. & Magn. I. 32 Hence the series P₁ + P₂ +…is a convergent series. 3. convergent-nerved adj. (Bot.), (of leaves) having convergent nerves, ribs, or veins. ΚΠ 1882 in New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon B. n. = convergent fractions n. at sense A. 2 or converging fractions at converging adj. 2. ΚΠ 1858 I. Todhunter Algebra for Schools (1875) xliv. 369 The fractions formed by taking one, two, three..of the quotients of the continued fraction a + ¹/ _{b +}¹/ _{c +} &c. are called converging fractions or convergents..The convergents taken in order are alternately less and greater than the continued fraction. 1858 I. Todhunter Algebra for Schools (1875) xliv. 371 Every convergent is nearer to the continued fraction than any of the preceding convergents. 1893 N.E.D. at Convergent Mod. The first four convergents of π (3.14159..) are 31, 227, 333106, 355113 . This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online September 2020). < adj.n.1728
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