constitutionn.

/kɒnstɪˈtjuːʃən/

Forms: Also Middle English -cioun, Middle English–1500s -cion, 1500s -tioun, etc.

Etymology: < French constitution, -cion (12th cent. in Littré), learned < Latin constitūtiōn-em , noun of action fromconstituĕre to constitute v.

a. The action of constituting, making, establishing, etc.: see the verb.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > causation > initiating or causing to begin > [noun] > institution or founding

fasteningeOE

stablishinga1300

groundingc1380

stablingc1380

ordinancec1384

establishingc1400

foundationc1400

fundament1440

stablishment1444

institutionc1460

upsetting1470

erection1508

instituting1534

foundingc1540

erecting1553

constitution1582

establishment1596

plantation1605

instauration1614

institute1641

bottoming1642

ordaining1643

settlement1646

planting1702

incardination1897

1582 Bible (Rheims) Eph. i. 4 Before the constitution of the world.

1592 W. West Symbolæogr.: 1st Pt. ii. A iij The constitution or making of an Obligation.

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xviii. 91 Before constitution of Soveraign Power..all men had right to all things.

1782 A. Monro Ess. Compar. Anat. (ed. 3) 41 in Monro's Anat. Human Bones (new ed.) Both ventricles going equally far down to the constitution of the apex.

1861 G. Ross W. Bell's Dict. Law Scotl. (rev. ed.) (at cited word) Every decree by which the extent of a debt or obligation is ascertained, is a decree of constitution.

†b. Appointment. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > office > appointment to office > [noun]

ordainmenta1325

instituingc1380

establishingc1400

assignment1447

prefermentc1465

appointing1520

anointment1561

ordination1650

appointment1658

constitution1665

makinga1715

1665 S. Pepys Diary 20 Mar. (1972) VI. 62 I received their constitution under all their hands presently, so that I am already confirmed their Treasurer.

†2. The action of decreeing or ordaining. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > command > command or bidding > [noun] > ordinance, prescription, or appointment

besight1258

ordainmenta1325

constitution1393

assignationa1400

signmentc1425

appointmentc1440

steveningc1440

pointingc1449

ordinationc1450

instituting1534

prescription1542

prescribement1563

assignment1597

nomination1597

designation1609

consignation1650

reassignment1650

reassignation1655

consignmenta1668

appunctuation1768

destination1868

allocation1876

1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 75 The worldes constitucion Hath set the name of gentilesse Upon the fortune of richesse.

c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xiii. 58 After þe constitucioun and þe ordinaunce of þe rewmes whare þai dwell.

1555 R. Eden tr. Coppie of Bull in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 173 This letter of owre..donation, graunt, assignation, constitution, deputation, decree, commaundement.

1654 J. Bramhall Just Vindic. Church of Eng. v. 88 By the constitution of the Apostles, and by the solemn sentence of the Catholique Church.

a. A decree, ordinance, law, regulation; usually, one made by a superior authority, civil or ecclesiastical; spec. in Roman Law, an enactment made by the emperor. Also figurative. (Now historical.) Apostolical Constitutions (in Church History): a collection of ecclesiastical regulations, purporting to have been made by the apostles, but known to be of much later date. Constitutions of Clarendon (in English History): a body of propositions drawn up at the Council of Clarendon in the reign of Henry II (1164), defining the limits of civil and ecclesiastical jurisdiction in England.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > [noun] > edict, decree, ordinance, or institute

doomc825

i-setnessec900

setnessc950

edict1297

statutec1300

purveyancea1325

assize1330

ordinancec1330

decreetc1374

constitutionc1380

decree?a1400

sizea1400

stablementc1400

edictionc1470

stablishment1473

ordinationc1499

estatutea1514

placarda1530

prescript1532

golden bull1537

rescript1545

institute1546

institution1551

constitutec1561

sanction1570

decretal1588

ordain1596

decretum1602

invention1639

scite1656

dispositive1677

bull1696

ordonnance1702

subnotation1839

senatus consultum1875

fatwa1989

c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 89 Þei studien faste & techen here owene constitucions.

a1450 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 444 Constitucions and ordenaunce mad withinne the forseide Cite.

a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 128 The statutys of kyngys also be over many, even as the constytutyons of the emperorys were.

1612 T. Taylor Αρχὴν Ἁπάντων: Comm. Epist. Paul to Titus i. 6 How basely do they deeme of Apostolicall Constitutions.

1654 J. Bramhall Just Vindic. Church of Eng. iv. 59 All this while our Kings and Bishops called Councells..made Ecclesiastical lawes and constitutions in their Synods and Parliaments.

1737 W. Whiston tr. Josephus Antiq. Jews xi. v, in tr. Josephus Genuine Wks. 342 The people..willingly hearkened to the constitutions of Nehemiah.

1837 H. Hallam Introd. Lit. Europe I. iii. 238 It was enacted, in 1408, by a constitution of archbishop Arundel in convocation, that no one should thereafter ‘translate any text of Holy Scripture into English’.

1872 E. A. Freeman Growth Eng. Constit. ii. 110 The Constitutions of Clarendon..forbad the ordination of villains.

1885 W. E. Addis & T. Arnold Catholic Dict. (ed. 3) Apostolical Constitutions..The first Greek printed text was edited by Turrianus, and published in 1563. The spurious character of the book was soon evident to Catholic scholars..Pearson assigns the work, as it stands, to the middle of the fifth century.

b. figurative and gen. An ordinance, settled arrangement, institution.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > customs, values, or beliefs of a society or group > [noun] > an established custom or law

institute1546

institution1551

constitution1668

1668 J. Howe Blessedness of Righteous Disc. (1825) 295 Wouldst thou overturn the laws of nature, and subvert the most sacred divine constitutions.

1710 H. Prideaux Orig. & Right Tithes 208 The payment of Tithes was grown to be a Veteran and thorough settled Constitution of this Kingdom.

1833 I. Taylor Fanaticism ii. 41 So jealous is Nature of her constitutions.

1833 S. Hoole Disc. ix. 115 All these wise constitutions and appointments the Psalmist refers..to, etc.

a. The way in which anything is constituted or made up; the arrangement or combination of its parts or elements, as determining its nature and character; make, frame, composition. constitution of nature, constitution of the world, constitution of the universe, constitution of things (the actual existing order); so constitution of society, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > [noun]

shapec1050

composition1382

temperc1400

confectionc1420

temperament1471

frame?1520

compage1550

architecture1590

compacture1590

structure?1591

fabricaturec1600

constitution1601

membrature1606

composture1614

compositure1625

contexturea1639

composure1639

economy1644

fabric1644

conformation1646

composier1648

constructurea1652

compages1660

mechanism1662

compound1671

construction1707

componency1750

formation1774

make-up1821

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 529 Vnlesse the constitution of the tract and qualitie of a country require the contrary.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) i. iii. 127 By the excellent constitution of thy legge.

1722 W. Wollaston Relig. of Nature ii. 38 That an inferior being may in opposition to His will break through the constitution of things.

1736 Bp. J. Butler (title) The analogy of religion..to the constitution and course of nature.

1832 H. Martineau Life in Wilds ix. 118 That..is the fault of the constitution of society.

1839 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece (new ed.) I. x. 377 The constitution, functions, and authority of the council.

1850 R. W. Emerson Plato in Representative Men ii. 51 Philosophy is the account which the human mind gives to itself of the constitution of the world.

1868 M. Pattison Suggestions Acad. Organisation 6 Before any further change is made in the constitution of the University.

b. Composition in reference to elements.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > [noun] > composition in reference to elements

constitution1659

1659 O. Walker Περιαμμα Ἐπιδήμιον 26 The tenement of clay shall crumble into its primitive constitution.

1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 315. ¶1 Heaven, Earth and Hell; enter into the Constitution of his [sc. Milton's] Poem.

1831 D. Brewster Treat. Optics vii. 73 This view of the constitution of the solar spectrum.

1880 T. H. Huxley Crayfish 19 The exoskeleton is not of the same constitution throughout these regions.

†c. Consistency. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > constitution of matter > [noun] > consistency

compage1550

concretion1606

consistence1626

compages1660

consistencya1661

constitution1668

consisture1776

1668 N. Culpeper & A. Cole tr. T. Bartholin Anat. (new ed.) i. ii. 3 Of a midling constitution between hardness and softness.

5. spec.

a. Physical nature or character of the body in regard to healthiness, strength, vitality, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > bodily constitution > [noun]

naturec1275

kindc1300

complexion1398

habitudec1400

disposition1477

constitution1553

corporature1555

habit1576

composition1578

temper1601

composure1628

schesis1684

stamina1701

habitus1886

1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique 63 b The temperature of the mynde folowes the constitucion of the bodie.

1583 G. Babington Very Fruitfull Expos. Commaundem. vii. 354 We dare solace our selues in soft beddes too long for our constitutions.

1611 C. Tourneur Atheist's Trag. (new ed.) v. sig. K3 The true state and constitution of their bodies.

1625 K. Long tr. J. Barclay Argenis i. xviii. 49 Men..of sickly constitutions.

1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 25. ¶3 Imaginary Sick Persons that break their Constitutions by Physick.

1769 W. Buchan Domest. Med. i. 33 Certainly our first object in the management of children ought to be a good constitution.

1803 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 9 279 The peculiarities of the female constitution.

1855 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Philip II of Spain I. i. ii. 62 His constitution was far from robust.

b. Nature, character, or condition of mind; mind, disposition, temperament, temper.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > disposition or character > [noun]

heartOE

erda1000

moodOE

i-mindOE

i-cundeOE

costc1175

lundc1175

evena1200

kinda1225

custc1275

couragec1300

the manner ofc1300

qualityc1300

talentc1330

attemperancec1374

complexionc1386

dispositiona1387

propertyc1390

naturea1393

assay1393

inclinationa1398

gentlenessa1400

proprietya1400

habitudec1400

makingc1400

conditionc1405

habitc1405

conceitc1425

affecta1460

ingeny1477

engine1488

stomach?1510

mind?a1513

ingine1533

affection1534

vein1536

humour?1563

natural1564

facultyc1565

concept1566

frame1567

temperature1583

geniusa1586

bent1587

constitution1589

composition1597

character1600

tune1600

qualification1602

infusion1604

spirits1604

dispose1609

selfness1611

disposure1613

composurea1616

racea1616

tempera1616

crasisc1616

directiona1639

grain1641

turn1647

complexure1648

genie1653

make1674

personality1710

tonea1751

bearing1795

liver1800

make-up1821

temperament1821

naturalness1850

selfhood1854

Wesen1854

naturel1856

sit1857

fibre1864

character structure1873

mentality1895

mindset1909

psyche1910

where it's (he's, she's) at1967

1589 R. Greene Menaphon sig. C The frowning constitution of Mars.

1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iii. ii. 244 Else nothing in the world could turne so much the constitution of any constant man.

1618 G. Wither Wither's Motto (1633) 526 I have no Constitution, to accord To ought dishonest, sooner for a Lord Then for his meanest Groome.

1703 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion II. vi. 100 Imparting himself equally to all Men of several constitutions.

1741 C. Middleton Hist. Life Cicero II. xii. 516 His failings were..such as flowed from his constitution, not his will.

1855 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Philip II of Spain I. i. ii. 74 His temperament and his constitution of mind peculiarly fitted him for the reception of these influences.

6. The mode in which a state is constituted or organized; especially, as to the location of the sovereign power, as a monarchical, oligarchical, or democratic constitution.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > [noun] > with reference to location of sovereign power

constitution1610

1610 Bp. J. Hall Common Apol. against Brownists 21 The Constitution of the Common-wealth of Israel.

1681 H. Neville Plato Redivivus 139 Sweden remains in point of Constitution and Property exactly as it did anciently.

1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. i. 7 Who exactly knew the Frame, and Constitution of the Kingdom.

1705 J. Addison Remarks Italy Pref. sig. A1 No other Country in the World has such a Variety of Governments, that are so different in their Constitutions.

1827 H. Hallam Constit. Hist. Eng. II. xiii. 358 The original constitution of England was highly aristocratical.

1862 J. Ruskin Munera Pulveris (1880) 38 Whatever may be the constitution of the State.

7. The system or body of fundamental principles according to which a nation, state, or body politic is constituted and governed.This may be embodied in successive concessions on the part of the sovereign power, implied in long accepted statutes, or established gradually by precedent, as in the British Constitution; or it may be formally set forth in a document framed and adopted on a particular occasion by the various orders or members of the commonwealth, or their representatives, as in the Constitution of the United States, the various Constitutions of France after 1790, and those of other nations, framed in imitation of these. In the case of a written Constitution, the name is sometimes applied to the document embodying it. In either case it is assumed or specifically provided that the constitution is more fundamental than any particular law, and contains the principles with which all legislation must be in harmony.This sense gradually arose out of the preceding between 1689 and 1789: see the early quots.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > [noun]

ordinance?a1400

governance1402

policy?a1439

regimentc1475

frame1529

statea1538

government1553

estate1559

platform1587

polity1590

governail1598

regimen1663

constitution1735

regime1792

system1806

party government1834

society > law > system of laws > [noun] > system by which a state is governed

constitution1735

1689 Declar. Estates of Scotl. 11 Apr. Whereas King James the Seventh..did by the advice of wicked and evil counsellers invade the fundamental constitution of the kingdom, and altered it from a legal limited monarchy, to an arbitrary despotick power.]

1735 Visct. Bolingbroke Diss. upon Parties (ed. 2) 108 By Constitution We mean, whenever We speak with Propriety and Exactness, that Assemblage of Laws, Institutions and Customs, derived from certain fix'd Principles of Reason..that compose the general System, according to which the Community hath agreed to be governed.

1750 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 29 Mar. (1932) (modernized text) IV. 1521 England is now the only monarchy in the world that can properly be said to have a constitution.

1789 Constit. U.S. Preamb. We..do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America.

1789 A. Young Jrnl. 27 June in Trav. France (1792) i. 124 There is an idea..that this union of the orders is only for the verification of their powers, and for making the constitution, which is a new term they have adopted; and which they use as if a constitution was a pudding to be made by a receipt.

1791 T. Paine Rights of Man i. 89 The American constitutions were to liberty, what a grammar is to language: they define its parts of speech, and practically construct them into syntax.

1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. II. v. ii. 287 The Twelve Eldest are sent solemnly to fetch the Constitution itself, the printed Book of the Law.

1855 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Philip II of Spain I. i. ii. 36 Philip, with all the forms prescribed by the constitution, received the homage of the representatives.

1863 M. Howitt tr. F. Bremer Greece & Greeks I. viii. 264 The new constitution of Greece is formed very much upon that of France.

1864 Sat. Rev. 18 449/2 By the English constitution we understand a few great traditional principles of government, any fundamental breach of which would involve either tyranny or anarchy.

1872 E. A. Freeman Growth Eng. Constit. ii. 54 Our English constitution was never made, in the sense in which the constitutions of many other countries have been made.

Compounds

C1. attributive as (in sense 5b) †constitution evil, †constitution sin; Constitution Church n. that established in France by the Constituent Assembly on 12 July, 1790.

C2. (in sense 7) constitution-builder, constitution-building, constitution-maker, constitution-making, constitution-monger, constitution-mongering; also constitution-build vb. nonce-word.

ΚΠ

1665 T. Mall Offer of Farther Help 92 Your proper sin, or constitution-evil.

1675 T. Brooks Golden Key 8 His constitution sins, his most prevalent sins.

1795 W. Windham Speeches Parl. 27 May (1812) I. 270 The Honourable Gentleman is a sort of constitution-monger..he declared..that he would give to France the same constitution as that of America.

1816 S. T. Coleridge Statesman's Man. 41 Planners and constitution-makers.

1820 Deb. Congress 1st Sess. I. 945 Nineteen out of twenty of our agricultural citizens know better the art of constitution-making than the best methods of raising cabbages.

1833 J. S. Mill Let. 9 Mar. (1910) I. 39 Our Utilitarian Radicals..will no longer rely upon the infallibility of Constitution-mongering.

1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. III. vii. vii. 438 Arrange it, Constitution-build it, sift it through Ballot-Boxes as thou wilt.

1841 T. Carlyle On Heroes vi. 316 No ballot-box, parliamentary eloquence, voting, constitution-building.

1841 T. Carlyle On Heroes vi. 372 Theoretical constitution-builders.

1849 J. S. Mill in Westm. & Foreign Q. Rev. 51 42 The presence of such checks, not their absence, would have been the novelty in constitution-making.

1875 A. Helps Organiz. Daily Life 124 The failure of constitution-mongers like the Abbé Sièyes, who are sublimely indifferent to the state of facts around them.

1949 I. Deutscher Stalin 185 However, the time for real Constitution-making had not yet come.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

单词	constitution
释义	constitutionn. /kɒnstɪˈtjuːʃən/ Forms: Also Middle English -cioun, Middle English–1500s -cion, 1500s -tioun, etc. Etymology: < French constitution, -cion (12th cent. in Littré), learned < Latin constitūtiōn-em , noun of action fromconstituĕre to constitute v. 1. a. The action of constituting, making, establishing, etc.: see the verb. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > causation > initiating or causing to begin > [noun] > institution or founding fasteningeOE stablishinga1300 groundingc1380 stablingc1380 ordinancec1384 establishingc1400 foundationc1400 fundament1440 stablishment1444 institutionc1460 upsetting1470 erection1508 instituting1534 foundingc1540 erecting1553 constitution1582 establishment1596 plantation1605 instauration1614 institute1641 bottoming1642 ordaining1643 settlement1646 planting1702 incardination1897 1582 Bible (Rheims) Eph. i. 4 Before the constitution of the world. 1592 W. West Symbolæogr.: 1st Pt. ii. A iij The constitution or making of an Obligation. 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xviii. 91 Before constitution of Soveraign Power..all men had right to all things. 1782 A. Monro Ess. Compar. Anat. (ed. 3) 41 in Monro's Anat. Human Bones (new ed.) Both ventricles going equally far down to the constitution of the apex. 1861 G. Ross W. Bell's Dict. Law Scotl. (rev. ed.) (at cited word) Every decree by which the extent of a debt or obligation is ascertained, is a decree of constitution. †b. Appointment. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > office > appointment to office > [noun] ordainmenta1325 instituingc1380 establishingc1400 assignment1447 prefermentc1465 appointing1520 anointment1561 ordination1650 appointment1658 constitution1665 makinga1715 1665 S. Pepys Diary 20 Mar. (1972) VI. 62 I received their constitution under all their hands presently, so that I am already confirmed their Treasurer. †2. The action of decreeing or ordaining. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > command > command or bidding > [noun] > ordinance, prescription, or appointment besight1258 ordainmenta1325 constitution1393 assignationa1400 signmentc1425 appointmentc1440 steveningc1440 pointingc1449 ordinationc1450 instituting1534 prescription1542 prescribement1563 assignment1597 nomination1597 designation1609 consignation1650 reassignment1650 reassignation1655 consignmenta1668 appunctuation1768 destination1868 allocation1876 1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis II. 75 The worldes constitucion Hath set the name of gentilesse Upon the fortune of richesse. c1400 Mandeville's Trav. (Roxb.) xiii. 58 After þe constitucioun and þe ordinaunce of þe rewmes whare þai dwell. 1555 R. Eden tr. Coppie of Bull in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 173 This letter of owre..donation, graunt, assignation, constitution, deputation, decree, commaundement. 1654 J. Bramhall Just Vindic. Church of Eng. v. 88 By the constitution of the Apostles, and by the solemn sentence of the Catholique Church. 3. a. A decree, ordinance, law, regulation; usually, one made by a superior authority, civil or ecclesiastical; spec. in Roman Law, an enactment made by the emperor. Also figurative. (Now historical.) Apostolical Constitutions (in Church History): a collection of ecclesiastical regulations, purporting to have been made by the apostles, but known to be of much later date. Constitutions of Clarendon (in English History): a body of propositions drawn up at the Council of Clarendon in the reign of Henry II (1164), defining the limits of civil and ecclesiastical jurisdiction in England. ΘΚΠ society > law > [noun] > edict, decree, ordinance, or institute doomc825 i-setnessec900 setnessc950 edict1297 statutec1300 purveyancea1325 assize1330 ordinancec1330 decreetc1374 constitutionc1380 decree?a1400 sizea1400 stablementc1400 edictionc1470 stablishment1473 ordinationc1499 estatutea1514 placarda1530 prescript1532 golden bull1537 rescript1545 institute1546 institution1551 constitutec1561 sanction1570 decretal1588 ordain1596 decretum1602 invention1639 scite1656 dispositive1677 bull1696 ordonnance1702 subnotation1839 senatus consultum1875 fatwa1989 c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 89 Þei studien faste & techen here owene constitucions. a1450 in Eng. Gilds (1870) 444 Constitucions and ordenaunce mad withinne the forseide Cite. a1538 T. Starkey Dial. Pole & Lupset (1989) 128 The statutys of kyngys also be over many, even as the constytutyons of the emperorys were. 1612 T. Taylor Αρχὴν Ἁπάντων: Comm. Epist. Paul to Titus i. 6 How basely do they deeme of Apostolicall Constitutions. 1654 J. Bramhall Just Vindic. Church of Eng. iv. 59 All this while our Kings and Bishops called Councells..made Ecclesiastical lawes and constitutions in their Synods and Parliaments. 1737 W. Whiston tr. Josephus Antiq. Jews xi. v, in tr. Josephus Genuine Wks. 342 The people..willingly hearkened to the constitutions of Nehemiah. 1837 H. Hallam Introd. Lit. Europe I. iii. 238 It was enacted, in 1408, by a constitution of archbishop Arundel in convocation, that no one should thereafter ‘translate any text of Holy Scripture into English’. 1872 E. A. Freeman Growth Eng. Constit. ii. 110 The Constitutions of Clarendon..forbad the ordination of villains. 1885 W. E. Addis & T. Arnold Catholic Dict. (ed. 3) Apostolical Constitutions..The first Greek printed text was edited by Turrianus, and published in 1563. The spurious character of the book was soon evident to Catholic scholars..Pearson assigns the work, as it stands, to the middle of the fifth century. b. figurative and gen. An ordinance, settled arrangement, institution. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > customs, values, or beliefs of a society or group > [noun] > an established custom or law institute1546 institution1551 constitution1668 1668 J. Howe Blessedness of Righteous Disc. (1825) 295 Wouldst thou overturn the laws of nature, and subvert the most sacred divine constitutions. 1710 H. Prideaux Orig. & Right Tithes 208 The payment of Tithes was grown to be a Veteran and thorough settled Constitution of this Kingdom. 1833 I. Taylor Fanaticism ii. 41 So jealous is Nature of her constitutions. 1833 S. Hoole Disc. ix. 115 All these wise constitutions and appointments the Psalmist refers..to, etc. 4. a. The way in which anything is constituted or made up; the arrangement or combination of its parts or elements, as determining its nature and character; make, frame, composition. constitution of nature, constitution of the world, constitution of the universe, constitution of things (the actual existing order); so constitution of society, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > [noun] shapec1050 composition1382 temperc1400 confectionc1420 temperament1471 frame?1520 compage1550 architecture1590 compacture1590 structure?1591 fabricaturec1600 constitution1601 membrature1606 composture1614 compositure1625 contexturea1639 composure1639 economy1644 fabric1644 conformation1646 composier1648 constructurea1652 compages1660 mechanism1662 compound1671 construction1707 componency1750 formation1774 make-up1821 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World I. 529 Vnlesse the constitution of the tract and qualitie of a country require the contrary. a1616 W. Shakespeare Twelfth Night (1623) i. iii. 127 By the excellent constitution of thy legge. View more context for this quotation 1722 W. Wollaston Relig. of Nature ii. 38 That an inferior being may in opposition to His will break through the constitution of things. 1736 Bp. J. Butler (title) The analogy of religion..to the constitution and course of nature. 1832 H. Martineau Life in Wilds ix. 118 That..is the fault of the constitution of society. 1839 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece (new ed.) I. x. 377 The constitution, functions, and authority of the council. 1850 R. W. Emerson Plato in Representative Men ii. 51 Philosophy is the account which the human mind gives to itself of the constitution of the world. 1868 M. Pattison Suggestions Acad. Organisation 6 Before any further change is made in the constitution of the University. b. Composition in reference to elements. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > wholeness > mutual relation of parts to whole > [noun] > composition in reference to elements constitution1659 1659 O. Walker Περιαμμα Ἐπιδήμιον 26 The tenement of clay shall crumble into its primitive constitution. 1712 J. Addison Spectator No. 315. ¶1 Heaven, Earth and Hell; enter into the Constitution of his [sc. Milton's] Poem. 1831 D. Brewster Treat. Optics vii. 73 This view of the constitution of the solar spectrum. 1880 T. H. Huxley Crayfish 19 The exoskeleton is not of the same constitution throughout these regions. †c. Consistency. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > [noun] > consistency compage1550 concretion1606 consistence1626 compages1660 consistencya1661 constitution1668 consisture1776 1668 N. Culpeper & A. Cole tr. T. Bartholin Anat. (new ed.) i. ii. 3 Of a midling constitution between hardness and softness. 5. spec. a. Physical nature or character of the body in regard to healthiness, strength, vitality, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > bodily constitution > [noun] naturec1275 kindc1300 complexion1398 habitudec1400 disposition1477 constitution1553 corporature1555 habit1576 composition1578 temper1601 composure1628 schesis1684 stamina1701 habitus1886 1553 T. Wilson Arte of Rhetorique 63 b The temperature of the mynde folowes the constitucion of the bodie. 1583 G. Babington Very Fruitfull Expos. Commaundem. vii. 354 We dare solace our selues in soft beddes too long for our constitutions. 1611 C. Tourneur Atheist's Trag. (new ed.) v. sig. K3 The true state and constitution of their bodies. 1625 K. Long tr. J. Barclay Argenis i. xviii. 49 Men..of sickly constitutions. 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 25. ¶3 Imaginary Sick Persons that break their Constitutions by Physick. 1769 W. Buchan Domest. Med. i. 33 Certainly our first object in the management of children ought to be a good constitution. 1803 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 9 279 The peculiarities of the female constitution. 1855 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Philip II of Spain I. i. ii. 62 His constitution was far from robust. b. Nature, character, or condition of mind; mind, disposition, temperament, temper. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > disposition or character > [noun] heartOE erda1000 moodOE i-mindOE i-cundeOE costc1175 lundc1175 evena1200 kinda1225 custc1275 couragec1300 the manner ofc1300 qualityc1300 talentc1330 attemperancec1374 complexionc1386 dispositiona1387 propertyc1390 naturea1393 assay1393 inclinationa1398 gentlenessa1400 proprietya1400 habitudec1400 makingc1400 conditionc1405 habitc1405 conceitc1425 affecta1460 ingeny1477 engine1488 stomach?1510 mind?a1513 ingine1533 affection1534 vein1536 humour?1563 natural1564 facultyc1565 concept1566 frame1567 temperature1583 geniusa1586 bent1587 constitution1589 composition1597 character1600 tune1600 qualification1602 infusion1604 spirits1604 dispose1609 selfness1611 disposure1613 composurea1616 racea1616 tempera1616 crasisc1616 directiona1639 grain1641 turn1647 complexure1648 genie1653 make1674 personality1710 tonea1751 bearing1795 liver1800 make-up1821 temperament1821 naturalness1850 selfhood1854 Wesen1854 naturel1856 sit1857 fibre1864 character structure1873 mentality1895 mindset1909 psyche1910 where it's (he's, she's) at1967 1589 R. Greene Menaphon sig. C The frowning constitution of Mars. 1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iii. ii. 244 Else nothing in the world could turne so much the constitution of any constant man. View more context for this quotation 1618 G. Wither Wither's Motto (1633) 526 I have no Constitution, to accord To ought dishonest, sooner for a Lord Then for his meanest Groome. 1703 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion II. vi. 100 Imparting himself equally to all Men of several constitutions. 1741 C. Middleton Hist. Life Cicero II. xii. 516 His failings were..such as flowed from his constitution, not his will. 1855 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Philip II of Spain I. i. ii. 74 His temperament and his constitution of mind peculiarly fitted him for the reception of these influences. 6. The mode in which a state is constituted or organized; especially, as to the location of the sovereign power, as a monarchical, oligarchical, or democratic constitution. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > [noun] > with reference to location of sovereign power constitution1610 1610 Bp. J. Hall Common Apol. against Brownists 21 The Constitution of the Common-wealth of Israel. 1681 H. Neville Plato Redivivus 139 Sweden remains in point of Constitution and Property exactly as it did anciently. 1702 Clarendon's Hist. Rebellion I. i. 7 Who exactly knew the Frame, and Constitution of the Kingdom. 1705 J. Addison Remarks Italy Pref. sig. A1 No other Country in the World has such a Variety of Governments, that are so different in their Constitutions. 1827 H. Hallam Constit. Hist. Eng. II. xiii. 358 The original constitution of England was highly aristocratical. 1862 J. Ruskin Munera Pulveris (1880) 38 Whatever may be the constitution of the State. 7. The system or body of fundamental principles according to which a nation, state, or body politic is constituted and governed.This may be embodied in successive concessions on the part of the sovereign power, implied in long accepted statutes, or established gradually by precedent, as in the British Constitution; or it may be formally set forth in a document framed and adopted on a particular occasion by the various orders or members of the commonwealth, or their representatives, as in the Constitution of the United States, the various Constitutions of France after 1790, and those of other nations, framed in imitation of these. In the case of a written Constitution, the name is sometimes applied to the document embodying it. In either case it is assumed or specifically provided that the constitution is more fundamental than any particular law, and contains the principles with which all legislation must be in harmony.This sense gradually arose out of the preceding between 1689 and 1789: see the early quots. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > [noun] ordinance?a1400 governance1402 policy?a1439 regimentc1475 frame1529 statea1538 government1553 estate1559 platform1587 polity1590 governail1598 regimen1663 constitution1735 regime1792 system1806 party government1834 society > law > system of laws > [noun] > system by which a state is governed constitution1735 1689 Declar. Estates of Scotl. 11 Apr. Whereas King James the Seventh..did by the advice of wicked and evil counsellers invade the fundamental constitution of the kingdom, and altered it from a legal limited monarchy, to an arbitrary despotick power.] 1735 Visct. Bolingbroke Diss. upon Parties (ed. 2) 108 By Constitution We mean, whenever We speak with Propriety and Exactness, that Assemblage of Laws, Institutions and Customs, derived from certain fix'd Principles of Reason..that compose the general System, according to which the Community hath agreed to be governed. 1750 Ld. Chesterfield Let. 29 Mar. (1932) (modernized text) IV. 1521 England is now the only monarchy in the world that can properly be said to have a constitution. 1789 Constit. U.S. Preamb. We..do ordain and establish this Constitution for the United States of America. 1789 A. Young Jrnl. 27 June in Trav. France (1792) i. 124 There is an idea..that this union of the orders is only for the verification of their powers, and for making the constitution, which is a new term they have adopted; and which they use as if a constitution was a pudding to be made by a receipt. 1791 T. Paine Rights of Man i. 89 The American constitutions were to liberty, what a grammar is to language: they define its parts of speech, and practically construct them into syntax. 1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. II. v. ii. 287 The Twelve Eldest are sent solemnly to fetch the Constitution itself, the printed Book of the Law. 1855 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Philip II of Spain I. i. ii. 36 Philip, with all the forms prescribed by the constitution, received the homage of the representatives. 1863 M. Howitt tr. F. Bremer Greece & Greeks I. viii. 264 The new constitution of Greece is formed very much upon that of France. 1864 Sat. Rev. 18 449/2 By the English constitution we understand a few great traditional principles of government, any fundamental breach of which would involve either tyranny or anarchy. 1872 E. A. Freeman Growth Eng. Constit. ii. 54 Our English constitution was never made, in the sense in which the constitutions of many other countries have been made. Compounds C1. attributive as (in sense 5b) †constitution evil, †constitution sin; Constitution Church n. that established in France by the Constituent Assembly on 12 July, 1790. C2. (in sense 7) constitution-builder, constitution-building, constitution-maker, constitution-making, constitution-monger, constitution-mongering; also constitution-build vb. nonce-word. ΚΠ 1665 T. Mall Offer of Farther Help 92 Your proper sin, or constitution-evil. 1675 T. Brooks Golden Key 8 His constitution sins, his most prevalent sins. 1795 W. Windham Speeches Parl. 27 May (1812) I. 270 The Honourable Gentleman is a sort of constitution-monger..he declared..that he would give to France the same constitution as that of America. 1816 S. T. Coleridge Statesman's Man. 41 Planners and constitution-makers. 1820 Deb. Congress 1st Sess. I. 945 Nineteen out of twenty of our agricultural citizens know better the art of constitution-making than the best methods of raising cabbages. 1833 J. S. Mill Let. 9 Mar. (1910) I. 39 Our Utilitarian Radicals..will no longer rely upon the infallibility of Constitution-mongering. 1837 T. Carlyle French Revol. III. vii. vii. 438 Arrange it, Constitution-build it, sift it through Ballot-Boxes as thou wilt. 1841 T. Carlyle On Heroes vi. 316 No ballot-box, parliamentary eloquence, voting, constitution-building. 1841 T. Carlyle On Heroes vi. 372 Theoretical constitution-builders. 1849 J. S. Mill in Westm. & Foreign Q. Rev. 51 42 The presence of such checks, not their absence, would have been the novelty in constitution-making. 1875 A. Helps Organiz. Daily Life 124 The failure of constitution-mongers like the Abbé Sièyes, who are sublimely indifferent to the state of facts around them. 1949 I. Deutscher Stalin 185 However, the time for real Constitution-making had not yet come. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < n.c1380
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