convictn.1
/ˈkɒnvɪkt/, U.S. /ˈkɑnˌvɪk(t)/ 1. One convicted in a judicial investigation of a punishable offence. archaic.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > conviction or judicial condemnation > [noun] > one who is convicted
convict1530
condemned1543
1530–1 Act 22 Hen. VIII c. 15 All wilfull escapes, as well of conuictes as of other persones.
1590 H. Barrow & J. Greenwood Coll. Sclaunderous Articles A ij b Who..might delyuer them, as conuicts of heresie vnto the secular powers.
1740 Propos. Prov. Poor 13 Convicts of Theft and Robberies..may be committed.
1773 Gentleman's Mag. 43 44 The following convicts were executed at Tyburn pursuant to their sentence.
1858 J. Martineau Stud. Christianity 83 That this Galilean convict shall be the world's confessed deliverer.
2. spec. A condemned criminal serving a sentence of penal servitude.
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > punishment > imprisonment > prisoner > [noun]
prisona1225
prisonerc1384
enpresonéc1425
bird1580
warder1584
canary bird1593
penitentiala1633
convict1786
chum1819
lag1819
lagger1819
new chum1819
nut-brown1835
collegian1837
canary1840
Sydney duck1873
forty1879
zebra1882
con1893
yardbird1956
zek1968
1786 Particulars Trials John Shepherd 49 The intended transportation of convicts to the new settlements at Botany Bay.
1823 S. Smith Wks. (1859) II. 15/1 Under the infamous term convict, are comprehended crimes of the most different degrees and species of guilt. One man is transported for, etc.
1841–44 R. W. Emerson Polit. in Wks. (1906) I. 242 The children of the convicts at Botany Bay.
1893 N.E.D. at Convict Mod. Escape of a convict from Dartmoor.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > disregard for truth, falsehood > lack of truth, falsity > [noun] > one who errs
convict1581
fallible?1706
1581 W. Lambarde Eirenarcha (1588) iv. xiv. 562 Even so were these conuicts ridiculously purged by them.
Compounds
attributive and in other combinations (chiefly in sense 2).
a. of or pertaining to convicts or to the system of keeping convicted criminals in penal establishments or settlements.
ΚΠ
1811 J. Bentham Wks. XI. 152 The convict population of the country.
1843 Penny Cycl. XXV. 138/1 The importation of negro slaves..soon lowered the value of convict labour.
1863 P. Barry Dockyard Econ. 145 The unwieldy convict gangs.
1887 Times 26 Aug. 7/5 Of convict life in the Australian colonies.
b. used for convicts, as convict-barge, convict-colony, convict-dress, convict-hulk, convict-prison, convict-ship, etc.
ΚΠ
1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) II. 1714/2 The Byshop sent hym to the Conuict prison.
1758 J. Blake Plan Marine Syst. 50 The infection which a few hands taken out of a..convict-ship spread amongst the..seamen.
1843 Penny Cycl. XXV. 146/2 On board the different convict-hulks a book is kept by an overseer, in which are entered the names of all convicts.
1849 E. E. Napier Excursions Southern Afr. I. p. xviii Giving the Mother Country the right to make the Cape a Convict Colony.
1886 C. H. Spurgeon Treasury of David VII. Ps. cxxxii. 18 It shall be their convict dress to all eternity.
1890 Cent. Mag. XXXVIII. 743/2 He was..incarcerated in the central convict-prison at Kharkoff.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
† convictn.2
Obsolete. Scottish.
= conviction n., verdict of guilty.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > conviction or judicial condemnation > [noun]
condemnationc1384
damnationc1384
attainting1395
conviction1491
convict1567
eviction?1575
convincement1612
convincing1615
forjudging1651
convictment1887
1567 Sc. Acts Mary (1814) 566 (Jam.) The pretendit convict, decreit, and dome gevin in the Justice court.
1567 Sc. Acts Mary (1814) 577 (Jam.) Diuerss poinctes and articles contenit in the convict foirsaid.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2021).
convictadj.
/kənˈvɪkt/ 1.
a. Proved or pronounced guilty of an offence by a tribunal. Const. of.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > conviction or judicial condemnation > [adjective] > convicted or condemned
convicta1340
damnedc1440
taint1496
convict1549
cast1587
convicted1611
condemned1712
a1340 R. Rolle Psalter vi. 1 Lord in thi dome..sett noght swilk skilles agayns me þat i be conuycte.
1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Exod. xxi. 17 Who stelith a man, and sellith hym, conuycte [a1425 L.V. conuyt] of the trespas, with deeth dye he.
1483 W. Caxton tr. J. de Voragine Golden Legende 411/3 Wherof he was conuycte and wes shorne a monke.
1551 R. Robinson tr. T. More Vtopia sig. Diiiiv Hym that is conuict of manslaughter.
1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III i. iv. 182 Who pronounst The bitter sentence of poore Clarence death, Before I be conuict by course of law? View more context for this quotation
1670 C. Cotton tr. G. Girard Hist. Life Duke of Espernon iii. xii. 636 He had been Convict of having four Wives at one and the same time.
1738 Hist. View Court of Exchequer v. 96 He shall be held as convict.
1821 Ld. Byron Marino Faliero (2nd issue) v. i. 150 Convict by many witnesses.., of the guilt Of treachery and treason.
b. With other const.
ΚΠ
a1387 J. Trevisa tr. R. Higden Polychron. (St. John's Cambr.) (1872) IV. 459 They that were convict in conspiracie aȝenst hym.
c1425 Wyntoun Cron. vii. vi. 24 Mysdoaris for þare trespas convyct.
a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 120 Þe Jewys of Norwych were conuicte before þe kyng þat þei had stole a child.
1525 W. Tyndale Prol. to N.T. Prol. We..are..convicte to eternall damnacioun.
1534 R. Whittington tr. Cicero Thre Bks. Tullyes Offyces i. sig. C.5 Suche..be as conuict in the same iniury.
a1631 J. Donne Βιαθανατος (1647) ii. iii. §2 A witch, which is convict to have eaten a man.
a1734 R. North Examen Chronol. 24 May 1681 Welmore convict for kidnapping.
2. Proved guilty of error or reprehensible action.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > dispraise or discommendation > [adjective] > dispraised > censured or condemned
convictc1384
reprobated1541
condemned1873
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) 1 Cor. xiv. 24 If alle men prophecien, forsoth if ony vnfeithful man or ydiot entre, he is conuict of alle, he is wyseli demed of alle.
c1530 A. Barclay Egloges iii. sig. Piv v He shalbe conuyct of lyuynge reprouable.
1616 B. Jonson Epigrammes lxviii, in Wks. I. 787 Play-wright conuict of publike wrongs to men.
1700 J. Dryden tr. Ovid Cinyras & Myrrha in Fables 181 For Myrrha stood convict of Ill; Her Reason vanquish'd, but unchang'd her Will.
a1845 T. Hood Ghost xiii And you, Sir..Of perjured faith convict.
3. Proved, demonstrated, made evident.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > testing > proof, demonstration > [adjective] > proved
proveda1382
convictc1475
probate?1511
comprobate1523
proven1533
persuaded1538
scientifical1588
verified1594
approved1600
approven1609
averred1641
examined1723
substanced1773
clenched1815
made-out1820
open-and-shut1841
c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 3 He is conuict not to be His vicar.
4. Brought to internal conviction.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > belief > belief, trust, confidence > act of convincing, conviction > [adjective] > persuaded, convinced
surea1400
probate?1511
strong1526
satisfied1533
persuaded1538
convict1558
dogmatic1678
well-wrought1684
convinced1685
1558 J. Knox First Blast against Monstruous Regiment Women f. 38 Cain no doubte was conuict in conscience.
1613 T. Jackson Eternall Truth Script. i. 96 The later Græcians, hauing their consciences conuict with the euidence.
5. Overcome, vanquished, subdued.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > defeat > [adjective]
matec1225
conquestc1400
convictc1430
triumphate1471
devict?a1475
vanquishedc1485
discomfecta1529
overcome1530
profligate1535
discomfited1538
defeatc1540
discomfishedc1540
suppriseda1547
beaten1550
conquered1552
ydaunted1581
overmastereda1586
expugned1598
profligated1599
tattered1599
triumphed1605
overcomed1607
fight-rac't?1611
convicteda1616
worsted1641
foiled1810
lost1822
defeateda1859
outfought1891
the world > action or operation > failure or lack of success > defeat or overthrow > [adjective]
cravena1225
matec1225
to yield oneself creanta1250
confounded1362
checkmate?c1370
convictc1430
superatec1460
beaten1550
frustrate1588
convicteda1616
skinned1897
c1430 J. Capgrave Life St. Katherine 147 Oure faderis here-beforn..were neuere in bataill, neyther conuycte ne lorn.
1545 T. Raynald tr. E. Roesslin Byrth of Mankynde iii. sig. U.v Which [food] for the copye and superfluite therof can not be conuicte ne ouercume of nature.
6. Accused.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > general proceedings > accusation, allegation, or indictment > [adjective] > accused or indicted
indictedc1440
accusedc1450
denounced1552
convict1569
criminatea1591
delatedc1598
panelled1618
impleaded1742
impeached1751
incriminated1858
1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 132 No fault could be found against any of the Personnes that were conuict before the king. By reason wherof, diuerse..were..restored to their offices.
II. Adjectival uses.† 8. Proved, manifest. Obsolete.
7. = convicted adj.
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > conviction or judicial condemnation > [adjective] > convicted or condemned
convicta1340
damnedc1440
taint1496
convict1549
cast1587
convicted1611
condemned1712
1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. Jas. ii. f. xxxv A conuicte transgressour of the lawe.
a1625 in J. Rushworth Hist. Coll. (1659) 343 His wife being a convict popish Recusant.
a1695 A. Wood Life (1848) 313 note A convict libeller.
1712 R. Steele Spectator No. 528. ⁋1 By fineing Batchelors as Papists convict.
1865 F. M. Nichols tr. Britton II. 2 Unless he died as a felon convict.
ΚΠ
1741 W. Warburton Divine Legation Moses II. 481 To argue against convict impertinencies.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
convictv.
/kənˈvɪkt/ 1. † b. with other const. Obsolete.
a. transitive. To prove (a person) guilty of an offence which makes him liable to legal punishment; spec. to find or declare guilty, after trial before a legal tribunal, by the verdict of a jury or the decision of a judge. Const. of. (= convince v. 4.)
ΘΚΠ
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > conviction or judicial condemnation > convict or condemn [verb (transitive)]
fordeemc1000
attain1330
filec1330
condemna1340
shape1340
dem1377
convictc1380
reprovea1382
damnc1384
overtakea1393
attainta1400
taintc1400
commita1425
vanquish1502
convincea1535
cast1536
convanquish1540
deprehend1598
forejudge1603
do1819
c1380 J. Wyclif Wks. (1880) 75 God techiþ..þat o trewe man, as danyel dede, schal conuycte two false prestis.
1516 Lyfe St. Birgette in Kalendre Newe Legende Eng. (Pynson) f. cxxxi To haue conuyctyd hym of heresye.
1584 H. Llwyd & D. Powel Hist. Cambria 387 No englishman should be conuicted except by English Judges.
a1610 J. Healey tr. Theophrastus Characters (1636) 25 Being convicted of theft, he shall be drawn and halled by head and shoulders.
1759 W. Robertson Hist. Scotl. I. v. 332 If we believe some historians, they were convicted by sufficient evidence.
1818 W. Cruise Digest Laws Eng. Real Prop. (ed. 2) III. 196 Lawrence Earl Ferrers..was convicted and executed for murder, in the year 1760.
1839 C. Thirlwall Hist. Greece VI. 323 The attempts..made by the accusers of Socrates to convict him of treason against the Athenian commonwealth.
ΚΠ
1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. xviii. iii. 108 His wife..by good proofe was convicted to have written the same.
1665 T. Manley tr. H. Grotius De Rebus Belgicis 468 The Spaniard..was afterwards convicted, that he would by treachery have invaded his Castles upon the Sound.
c. absol.
ΚΠ
1841 R. W. Emerson Compensation in Ess. 1st Ser. (London ed.) 100 If you make the criminal code sanguinary, juries will not convict.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. I. 177 A single justice of the peace might convict without a jury.
2.
a. To prove or declare guilty of reprehensible conduct, error, etc.; now taken as transferred from 1. Const. of (†for). (= convince v. 4.)
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > dispraise or discommendation > dispraise or discommend [verb (transitive)] > censure or condemn
bidemea1200
convictc1366
reprovea1382
damnc1386
condemna1400
deema1400
saya1400
judgec1400
reprehendc1400
reproacha1475
reprobate?a1475
arguec1475
controlc1525
twit1543
perstringe1549
tax1569
traduce1581
carp1591
censure1605
convince?1606
syndic1609
syndicate1610
to check at1642
reprimand1660
impeach1813
to stroke over1822
c1366 G. Chaucer A.B.C. 86 That he hath in hise lystes of mischaunce Conuict þat ye boþe haue bouht so deere.
c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Dan. xiii. 61 Danyel hadde conuicte [a1425 L.V. conuyctid] hem of her mouth, for to haue saide fals witnessyng.
a1464 J. Capgrave Abbreuiacion of Cron. (Cambr. Gg.4.12) (1983) 66 Augustin..mad many bokes, conuicte many herisies.
1646 F. Hawkins tr. Youths Behaviour (ed. 4) 10 That..will convict thee of a desire, to have executed it thy selfe.
?1708 (title) Squire Bickerstaff detected; or the astrological impostor convicted.
1844 E. B. Barrett Drama of Exile in Poems I. 27 I..look away from Earth which doth convict me.
1872 J. Morley Voltaire iii. 127 One could hardly be convicted now of want of sensibility, if, [etc.].
b. transferred.
ΚΠ
1845 M. Pattison in Christian Remembrancer Jan. 72 That boundless plain of Languedoc, convicted of all guide-books of being arid, brown, and wholly uninteresting.
1849 J. Ruskin Seven Lamps Archit. iv. 99 I have just convicted the Greek fret of ugliness.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > testing > proof, demonstration > prove, demonstrate [verb (transitive)]
i-sothea925
soothec950
fanda1000
kitheOE
betell1048
showc1175
prove?c1225
treousec1275
stablisha1325
approve1340
verifyc1386
justifya1393
tryc1412
answer?a1425
appreve?c1450
to make gooda1470
convictc1475
averifyc1503
arguea1513
find1512
pree1515
comprobate1531
demonstrate1538
conclude1549
convince1555
argument1558
evict1571
avoucha1593
evidencea1601
remonstrate1601
clear1605
attaint1609
monstrate1609
evince1610
evince1611
improve1613
remonstrance1621
to make out1653
ascertain1670
to bring off1674
to make (something) to through1675
render1678
substantiatea1691
establisha1704
to bring out1727
realize1763
validate1775
c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 3 If he be conuicted not to luf, ne to do þe office of Crist.
1558 Q. Kennedy Compendius Tractiue vi. sig. Cvi Thir twa argumentis..conuictis, the generale counsalis, to be the membir of the congregatioun representand the vniuersale kirk.
1563 2nd Tome Homelyes Rebellion ii, in J. Griffiths Two Bks. Homilies (1859) ii. 565 Convicting such subjects..to be neither good subjects nor good men.
1593 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie iii. xi. 168 Imagining that these proofs will conuict a testament to haue that in it which other men can no where by reading find.
1656 J. Smith Compl. Pract. Physick 137 Cold water may be allowed to those are used to it, on the state and the matter being convicted.
4. To bring conviction or acknowledgement of error home to (a person); to impress with the sense of sinfulness. Cf. conviction n. 8.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > sin > [verb] > convince of
convict1526
convince1647
society > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > reform, amendment, or correction > repentance or contrition > repent (sin, wrongdoing, etc.) [verb (transitive)] > affect with remorse > bring to acknowledgement of error
convict1526
convince1647
1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection i. sig. Biiiv Nat withstandynge that their owne reason conuicte them.
1611 Bible (King James) John viii. 9 They..being conuicted by their owne conscience, went out one by one. View more context for this quotation
a1625 J. Fletcher Wife for Moneth iv. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Hhhhhhv/2 You are too late convicted to be good yet.
1862 F. J. Furnivall in R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne Pref. 18 You yet speak to us, and convict us of sin as we read your words.
1871 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues III. 323 He is supposed to have a mission to convict men of self-conceit.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > mental capacity > belief > belief, trust, confidence > act of convincing, conviction > bring to belief, convince [verb (transitive)]
persuadec1450
ensurec1500
satisfyc1520
convict1583
forcea1586
move1590
possess1591
secure1602
confirm1607
convince1609
convince1632
induce1655
prepossessa1676
coax1676
1583 A. Golding tr. J. Calvin Serm. on Deuteronomie vii. 39 The people were conuicted of Gods mighty working in their behalfe.
1598 R. Grenewey tr. Tacitus Annales i. iv. 7 [He would] by his owne confession conuict him, that the Common-wealth was but one bodie.
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica i. i. 3 He did not indubitably believe, untill he was after convicted in the visible example of Abel. View more context for this quotation
1659 M. Casaubon in J. Dee True & Faithful Relation Spirits Pref. sig. D1v If by that time he be not convicted, he shall have my good will to give it over.
6. † b. To detect and expose (an error, etc.). Obsolete.
a. To prove (a doctrine (obsolete) or its holders) to be wrong, erroneous, or false; = convince v. 6. archaic.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > testing > refutation, disproof > refute, disprove [verb (transitive)] > an argument, statement, etc.
assoilc1370
disprovec1380
soilc1380
conclude1388
unprovea1425
denyc1425
oppugn?1435
deprevea1450
refelc1450
disapprove1481
impreve1488
confute1529
deprove1530
convince?1531
refute1533
save1591
convict1593
elide1593
redargue1613
to wrestle off1639
1593 R. Hooker Of Lawes Eccl. Politie iii. viii. 143 To conuict Heretiques..to vse the principall instrument of their conuiction, the light of reason.
1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica iii. viii. 122 Which conceit being already convicted, not only by Scaliger, Riolanus and others, but daily confutable almost every where out of England. View more context for this quotation
1681 W. Robertson Phraseologia generalis (1693) 387 To convict, or prove the contrary, refutare.
1705 E. Howard (title) Copernicans of all Sorts Convicted.
1865 G. Grote Plato I. xi. 371 No man shall be able to convict you in dialogue.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > testing > refutation, disproof > refute, disprove [verb (transitive)] > by proving error or weakness
reprovea1398
falsifyc1449
enervate1565
convince1583
disprove1584
imposture1622
distest1647
disauthenticate1658
convict1717
negative1790
unsubstantiate1799
to show up1893
society > communication > manifestation > disclosure or revelation > disclose or reveal [verb (transitive)] > the true character or identity of
utter1526
wray1576
convince1583
strip1619
dispersonate1624
convict1717
to show up1821
out1990
1717 J. Fox Wanderer (1718) 139 Arguments..sufficient to convict the Fallacy of a desponding Principle.
ΘΚΠ
society > armed hostility > victory > make victorious [verb (transitive)] > conquer or overcome
overcomeeOE
shendc893
awinc1000
overwinOE
overheaveOE
to lay downa1225
mate?c1225
discomfitc1230
win1297
dauntc1300
cumber1303
scomfit1303
fenkc1320
to bear downc1330
confoundc1330
confusec1330
to do, put arrear1330
oversetc1330
vanquishc1330
conquerc1374
overthrowc1375
oppressc1380
outfighta1382
to put downa1382
discomfortc1384
threshc1384
vencuea1400
depressc1400
venque?1402
ding?a1425
cumrayc1425
to put to (also at, unto) the (also one's) worsec1425
to bring or put to (or unto) utterance1430
distrussc1430
supprisec1440
ascomfita1450
to do stress?c1450
victorya1470
to make (win) a conquest1477
convanquish1483
conquest1485
defeat1485
oversailc1485
conques1488
discomfish1488
fulyie1488
distress1489
overpress1489
cravent1490
utter?1533
to give (a person) the overthrow1536
debel1542
convince1548
foil1548
out-war1548
profligate1548
proflige?c1550
expugnate1568
expugn1570
victor1576
dismay1596
damnify1598
triumph1605
convict1607
overman1609
thrash1609
beat1611
debellate1611
import1624
to cut to (or in) pieces1632
maitrise1636
worst1636
forcea1641
outfight1650
outgeneral1767
to cut up1803
smash1813
slosh1890
ream1918
hammer1948
the world > action or operation > prosperity > success > mastery or superiority > have or gain mastery or superiority over [verb (transitive)] > overcome or defeat
shendc893
overwinOE
overheaveOE
mate?c1225
to say checkmatea1346
vanquishc1366
stightlea1375
outrayc1390
to put undera1393
forbeat1393
to shave (a person's) beardc1412
to put to (also at, unto) the (also one's) worsec1425
adawc1440
supprisec1440
to knock downc1450
to put to the worsta1475
waurc1475
convanquish1483
to put out1485
trima1529
convince1548
foil1548
whip1571
evict1596
superate1598
reduce1605
convict1607
defail1608
cast1610
banga1616
evince1620
worst1646
conquer1655
cuffa1657
trounce1657
to ride down1670
outdo1677
routa1704
lurcha1716
fling1790
bowl1793
lick1800
beat1801
mill1810
to row (someone) up Salt River1828
defeat1830
sack1830
skunk1832
whop1836
pip1838
throw1850
to clean out1858
take1864
wallop1865
to sock it to1877
whack1877
to clean up1888
to beat out1893
to see off1919
to lower the boom on1920
tonk1926
clobber1944
ace1950
to run into the ground1955
1607 Pilgr. Princes 11 [Hippolita] being convicted by Theseus, for her singular stoutnes and courage, was married to him.
a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) iii. iv. 2 A whole Armado of conuicted saile Is scattered and dis-ioyn'd from fellowship. View more context for this quotation
Derivatives
conˈvicting n. and adj.
ΘΚΠ
society > faith > aspects of faith > spirituality > sin > [adjective] > impressing with sense of
convicting1865
society > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > reform, amendment, or correction > repentance or contrition > [adjective] > impressing with sense of sin or error
convicting1865
society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > judging > conviction or judicial condemnation > [adjective] > convicting or condemning
convicting1868
1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Eviction, an eviction, convincement, or convicting.
1865 C. J. Vaughan Plain Words (1866) xi. 211 These accusing and convicting consciences.
1868 Daily News 13 Aug. The belief of the convicting magistrates.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online December 2021).
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adj.a1340v.c1366