criollon.adj.

Brit.

/krɪˈəʊləʊ/,

/krɪˈɒljəʊ/, U.S.

/kriˈoʊˌloʊ/,

/kriˈoʊˌljoʊ/

Forms: 1600s criolo, 1600s–1700s crollo, 1600s– criollo.

Origin: A borrowing from Spanish. Etymon: Spanish criollo.

Etymology: < Spanish criollo (1581), use as noun of criollo native to the locality (see Creole n. and adj.); in other senses after spec. uses in American Spanish of criollo , adjective (1832 or earlier in cacao criollo , compare sense A. 2; 1814 or earlier in caballo criollo , compare sense A. 3b; 1874 or earlier in vaca criolla , compare sense A. 3a). Compare earlier Creole n.

A. n.

1. A native of Spanish-speaking South or Central America, esp. one of unmixed Spanish descent.

ΚΠ

1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies iv. xxv. 278 Some Crollos [Sp. algunos Criollos] (for so they call the Spaniards borne at the Indies).

1688 P. Rycaut tr. G. de la Vega Royal Comm. Peru (new ed.) ix. xxxi. 397 The Children born in the Indies from Spaniards, are called Criollos, which signifies one born in that Countrey.

1698 tr. A. du Biscay Acct. Voy. River de la Plata 22 in Voy. & Discov. S.-Amer. ii The Spaniards, Portuguese, and their Sons (of whom those that are born upon the place are term'd Criolos, to distinguish them from the Natives of Spain)..compose a Body of above 600 Men.

1748 tr. P. Lozano True Relation Earthquake Lima iii. 240 Criollos signifies one born in the Country; a Word made by the Negroes, for so also they call their own Children born in those Parts.

1811 J. Black tr. A. von Humboldt Polit. Ess. New Spain I. 204 They are divided into whites born in Europe, and descendants of Europeans born in the Spanish colonies of America or in the Asiatic islands. The former bear the name of Chapetones or Gachupines, and the second that of Criollos.

1877 Encycl. Brit. VI. 682/2 The inhabitants of Cuba are divided into four classes..; those under servitude, constituting the fourth class, divided into the bozales,..the ladinos,..and the criollos, those born on the island.

1915 J. A. Hammerton Real Argentine xiii. 237 They are as truly republican, these criollos, as the families of the Doges of Venice.

1979 Internat. Jrnl. Sociol. of Law 7 384 This group was that of the criollos, the descendants of the early colonists.

1995 Hispanic Mar. 8/2 Mexico prevented France from establishing an empire..and saw a transfer of political power from the criollos to the mestizos.

2. A high-quality but low-yielding variety of cacao, Theobroma cacao; the cocoa or cocoa beans produced from this.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > pods, seeds, leaves, or flowers > [noun] > cocoa-bean

cacao1555

cacao nut1625

cocoa nut1683

cocoa1698

chocolate nut1701

cacao bean1785

cocoa bean1799

criollo1877

cracked cocoa1934

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > edible pods, seeds, leaves, or flowers > [noun] > cocoa-bean > cocoa plant

cacao1604

cacao tree1640

cocoa1670

chocolate1688

chocolate tree1688

cocoa tree1698

Theobroma1760

cacao bush1839

forastero1858

criollo1955

1877 P. L. Simmonds Trop. Agric. i. 8 They are of a pale crimson, approaching the Criollo.

1929 Encycl. Brit. V. 947/1 The finest type of bean the criollo, is grown in Venezuela, Ceylon, Java, Samoa, Madagascar and Nicaragua.

1955 D. H. Urquhart Cocoa xiii. 156 Criollos and allied types were the cocoas with distinctive flavour.

1997 Independent 29 Mar. (Weekend section) 20/4 Criollo is the rare, complex cocoa bean that makes up less than 10 per cent of the world crop; forastero is the more commonly used type.

3. Usually in form Criollo.

a. Any of a group of hardy cattle breeds developed in Central and South America from cattle of Spanish ancestry; an animal of such a breed; such cattle collectively.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > breeds of ox > [noun] > miscellaneous types of

black cattle1610

horned cattle1725

Suffolk1831

blue-grey1876

criollo1888

Simmental1906

Sahiwal1916

Belgian Blue1917

morucho1932

1888 Cattle & Dairy Farming II. U.S. Consular Rep. 633 The Criollo is a mixed breed between Spanish, Hertford, and Durham.

1895 Hayward (Calif.) Rev. 19 Apr. 4/6 Up to 1880 the Argentine produced no bullocks good enough to ship to England, the native cattle, called criollos, being rough, light animals, wild and unmanageable.

1951 Animal Breeding Abstr. 19 440 The Criollo in Argentina is now divisible into 3 types.

2007 Silver City (New Mexico) Sun-News (Nexis) 2 Dec. Tarahumara Indians still raised a breed of cattle that had nearly disappeared from New Mexico and Chihuahua—the Criollo.

b. A small sturdy breed of horse developed in South America, esp. Argentina, from wild horses of Spanish ancestry; a horse of this breed.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > equus caballus or horse > [noun] > defined by size > small

hobbyc1400

tit1548

Galloway1598

hobby-horse1598

bidet1631

pony1659

runt1725

criollo1894

cuddyc1930

1894 E. G. Vincent China to Peru iv. 75 The mestizzo, or cross between a native and an English horse, is an improvement on the criollo.

1949 Observer's Bk. Horses & Ponies 84 The Criollo is a cross between pure-bred horses and original Arab and Barb strains brought to South America through Spain at the time of the Conquest.

1973 J. Campbell Champions xiii. 104 Criollos are working cattle horses second to none.

2005 Vet. Jrnl. 169 311/2 The Criollo is the oldest registered horse breed in the Americas.

B. adj.

1. Of, relating to, or characteristic of the criollos (see sense A. 1); designating a criollo.

ΚΠ

1831 R. L. Vowell Campaigns & Cruises II. i. xiii. 142 He betook himself to his long Criollo cigars.

1891 Harper's Mag. July 239/2 The Metis, the Guarani, and the other Indian races that form the actual population [of Paraguay], together with a small criollo class, cannot be induced to work except under the hand of a despot.

1916 A. Coester Literary Hist. Spanish Amer. 330 This is a criollo novel of the purest type, unexcelled in form and substance.

1942 Amer. Observer 2 Feb. 2/3 It is only in Argentina and Uruguay, the two criollo countries, that people pride themselves on being criollos.

1992 R. Wright Stolen Continents (1993) vi. 160 Indians silently contemplated their ancestors' work, mestizos dreamed of revolution, and criollo intellectuals saw with new eyes the Mexican past.

2. Of or relating to criollo (sense A. 2); (also) designating cocoa or chocolate made from the beans of this variety.

ΘΚΠ

the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > edible pods, seeds, leaves, or flowers > [adjective] > of or relating to cocoa

cacao1757

criollo1877

1877 P. L. Simmonds Trop. Agric. i. 8 The best quality irrespective of treatment is produced by the Criollo cocoa of the Spanish inhabitants.

1908 H. H. Smith Cacao Planting 39 Strong growing forastero or calabicillo, bearing the finest criollo beans.

1955 D. H. Urquhart Cocoa ii. 15 Cross-fertilization took place with the Criollo trees and when seedlings were raised from them they were no longer pure Criollo.

2000 A. Dalby Dangerous Tastes 147 Criollo chocolate, still available in small quantities from Nicaragua, is now a rare luxury, and the only remaining trace of the original spice.

3. Usually in form Criollo.

a. Of or relating to a Criollo (sense A. 3b); (also) designating a horse of this breed.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by breed > [adjective] > of or like particular breeds

Arabian1588

Arab1718

garronly1740

Shetland1770

Clydesdale1786

Belgian1821

Conestoga1828

Gypsy1856

Anglo-Arab1860

Anglo-Arabian1860

cobby1871

Akhal-Teke1882

criollo1884

saddlebred1891

Lipizzan1948

1884 Red Dragon 6 320 We mounted our horses..—they were the true ‘Criollo’ stamp, plucky beasts, about fourteen two.

1919 T. Murray Story Irish Argentina xv. 272 The horses were of a race now nearly extinct, save in remote districts of the country, they were all of the criollo strain, or old native breed.

1986 Horse & Hound 18 Apr. 16/2 The present Argentinian ‘Criollo’ ponies are the result of largely unselective breeding.

2005 Vet. Jrnl. 169 311/2 The Chilean Criollo horse is virtually unknown outside of Meridional South America.

b. Of or relating to a Criollo (sense A. 3a); (also) designating cattle of such a breed.

ΘΚΠ

the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > breeds of ox > [adjective] > of miscellaneous breeds of ox

belted1582

West Highland1761

Dunlop1793

middle-horned1796

East Friesian1856

Podolian1879

criollo1893

Simmental1906

beef-dairy1960

1893 C. E. Akers Argentine, Patagonian & Chilian Sketches x. 112 In most cases the estancieros of the Rio Negro are content to go on with the Criollo cattle, the native breed of the country.

1943 Science 15 Jan. 56/2 The native Criollo cattle of Venezuela and central and northern Brazil.

1983 J. J. Parsons in D. H. Janzen Costa Rican Nat. Hist. vi. 77/1 The original criollo breed has been substantially upgraded by Zebu, Charolais, shorthorn, Hereford, and other bloods.

1996 Amer. Jrnl. Agric. Econ. 78 1330/1 Unimproved (criollo) animals have been part of the production system for years.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	criollo
释义	criollon.adj. Brit. /krɪˈəʊləʊ/, /krɪˈɒljəʊ/, U.S. /kriˈoʊˌloʊ/, /kriˈoʊˌljoʊ/ Forms: 1600s criolo, 1600s–1700s crollo, 1600s– criollo. Origin: A borrowing from Spanish. Etymon: Spanish criollo. Etymology: < Spanish criollo (1581), use as noun of criollo native to the locality (see Creole n. and adj.); in other senses after spec. uses in American Spanish of criollo , adjective (1832 or earlier in cacao criollo , compare sense A. 2; 1814 or earlier in caballo criollo , compare sense A. 3b; 1874 or earlier in vaca criolla , compare sense A. 3a). Compare earlier Creole n. A. n. 1. A native of Spanish-speaking South or Central America, esp. one of unmixed Spanish descent. ΚΠ 1604 E. Grimeston tr. J. de Acosta Nat. & Morall Hist. Indies iv. xxv. 278 Some Crollos [Sp. algunos Criollos] (for so they call the Spaniards borne at the Indies). 1688 P. Rycaut tr. G. de la Vega Royal Comm. Peru (new ed.) ix. xxxi. 397 The Children born in the Indies from Spaniards, are called Criollos, which signifies one born in that Countrey. 1698 tr. A. du Biscay Acct. Voy. River de la Plata 22 in Voy. & Discov. S.-Amer. ii The Spaniards, Portuguese, and their Sons (of whom those that are born upon the place are term'd Criolos, to distinguish them from the Natives of Spain)..compose a Body of above 600 Men. 1748 tr. P. Lozano True Relation Earthquake Lima iii. 240 Criollos signifies one born in the Country; a Word made by the Negroes, for so also they call their own Children born in those Parts. 1811 J. Black tr. A. von Humboldt Polit. Ess. New Spain I. 204 They are divided into whites born in Europe, and descendants of Europeans born in the Spanish colonies of America or in the Asiatic islands. The former bear the name of Chapetones or Gachupines, and the second that of Criollos. 1877 Encycl. Brit. VI. 682/2 The inhabitants of Cuba are divided into four classes..; those under servitude, constituting the fourth class, divided into the bozales,..the ladinos,..and the criollos, those born on the island. 1915 J. A. Hammerton Real Argentine xiii. 237 They are as truly republican, these criollos, as the families of the Doges of Venice. 1979 Internat. Jrnl. Sociol. of Law 7 384 This group was that of the criollos, the descendants of the early colonists. 1995 Hispanic Mar. 8/2 Mexico prevented France from establishing an empire..and saw a transfer of political power from the criollos to the mestizos. 2. A high-quality but low-yielding variety of cacao, Theobroma cacao; the cocoa or cocoa beans produced from this. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > pods, seeds, leaves, or flowers > [noun] > cocoa-bean cacao1555 cacao nut1625 cocoa nut1683 cocoa1698 chocolate nut1701 cacao bean1785 cocoa bean1799 criollo1877 cracked cocoa1934 the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > edible pods, seeds, leaves, or flowers > [noun] > cocoa-bean > cocoa plant cacao1604 cacao tree1640 cocoa1670 chocolate1688 chocolate tree1688 cocoa tree1698 Theobroma1760 cacao bush1839 forastero1858 criollo1955 1877 P. L. Simmonds Trop. Agric. i. 8 They are of a pale crimson, approaching the Criollo. 1929 Encycl. Brit. V. 947/1 The finest type of bean the criollo, is grown in Venezuela, Ceylon, Java, Samoa, Madagascar and Nicaragua. 1955 D. H. Urquhart Cocoa xiii. 156 Criollos and allied types were the cocoas with distinctive flavour. 1997 Independent 29 Mar. (Weekend section) 20/4 Criollo is the rare, complex cocoa bean that makes up less than 10 per cent of the world crop; forastero is the more commonly used type. 3. Usually in form Criollo. a. Any of a group of hardy cattle breeds developed in Central and South America from cattle of Spanish ancestry; an animal of such a breed; such cattle collectively. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > breeds of ox > [noun] > miscellaneous types of black cattle1610 horned cattle1725 Suffolk1831 blue-grey1876 criollo1888 Simmental1906 Sahiwal1916 Belgian Blue1917 morucho1932 1888 Cattle & Dairy Farming II. U.S. Consular Rep. 633 The Criollo is a mixed breed between Spanish, Hertford, and Durham. 1895 Hayward (Calif.) Rev. 19 Apr. 4/6 Up to 1880 the Argentine produced no bullocks good enough to ship to England, the native cattle, called criollos, being rough, light animals, wild and unmanageable. 1951 Animal Breeding Abstr. 19 440 The Criollo in Argentina is now divisible into 3 types. 2007 Silver City (New Mexico) Sun-News (Nexis) 2 Dec. Tarahumara Indians still raised a breed of cattle that had nearly disappeared from New Mexico and Chihuahua—the Criollo. b. A small sturdy breed of horse developed in South America, esp. Argentina, from wild horses of Spanish ancestry; a horse of this breed. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > equus caballus or horse > [noun] > defined by size > small hobbyc1400 tit1548 Galloway1598 hobby-horse1598 bidet1631 pony1659 runt1725 criollo1894 cuddyc1930 1894 E. G. Vincent China to Peru iv. 75 The mestizzo, or cross between a native and an English horse, is an improvement on the criollo. 1949 Observer's Bk. Horses & Ponies 84 The Criollo is a cross between pure-bred horses and original Arab and Barb strains brought to South America through Spain at the time of the Conquest. 1973 J. Campbell Champions xiii. 104 Criollos are working cattle horses second to none. 2005 Vet. Jrnl. 169 311/2 The Criollo is the oldest registered horse breed in the Americas. B. adj. 1. Of, relating to, or characteristic of the criollos (see sense A. 1); designating a criollo. ΚΠ 1831 R. L. Vowell Campaigns & Cruises II. i. xiii. 142 He betook himself to his long Criollo cigars. 1891 Harper's Mag. July 239/2 The Metis, the Guarani, and the other Indian races that form the actual population [of Paraguay], together with a small criollo class, cannot be induced to work except under the hand of a despot. 1916 A. Coester Literary Hist. Spanish Amer. 330 This is a criollo novel of the purest type, unexcelled in form and substance. 1942 Amer. Observer 2 Feb. 2/3 It is only in Argentina and Uruguay, the two criollo countries, that people pride themselves on being criollos. 1992 R. Wright Stolen Continents (1993) vi. 160 Indians silently contemplated their ancestors' work, mestizos dreamed of revolution, and criollo intellectuals saw with new eyes the Mexican past. 2. Of or relating to criollo (sense A. 2); (also) designating cocoa or chocolate made from the beans of this variety. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > edible pods, seeds, leaves, or flowers > [adjective] > of or relating to cocoa cacao1757 criollo1877 1877 P. L. Simmonds Trop. Agric. i. 8 The best quality irrespective of treatment is produced by the Criollo cocoa of the Spanish inhabitants. 1908 H. H. Smith Cacao Planting 39 Strong growing forastero or calabicillo, bearing the finest criollo beans. 1955 D. H. Urquhart Cocoa ii. 15 Cross-fertilization took place with the Criollo trees and when seedlings were raised from them they were no longer pure Criollo. 2000 A. Dalby Dangerous Tastes 147 Criollo chocolate, still available in small quantities from Nicaragua, is now a rare luxury, and the only remaining trace of the original spice. 3. Usually in form Criollo. a. Of or relating to a Criollo (sense A. 3b); (also) designating a horse of this breed. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > family Equidae (general equines) > horse defined by breed > [adjective] > of or like particular breeds Arabian1588 Arab1718 garronly1740 Shetland1770 Clydesdale1786 Belgian1821 Conestoga1828 Gypsy1856 Anglo-Arab1860 Anglo-Arabian1860 cobby1871 Akhal-Teke1882 criollo1884 saddlebred1891 Lipizzan1948 1884 Red Dragon 6 320 We mounted our horses..—they were the true ‘Criollo’ stamp, plucky beasts, about fourteen two. 1919 T. Murray Story Irish Argentina xv. 272 The horses were of a race now nearly extinct, save in remote districts of the country, they were all of the criollo strain, or old native breed. 1986 Horse & Hound 18 Apr. 16/2 The present Argentinian ‘Criollo’ ponies are the result of largely unselective breeding. 2005 Vet. Jrnl. 169 311/2 The Chilean Criollo horse is virtually unknown outside of Meridional South America. b. Of or relating to a Criollo (sense A. 3a); (also) designating cattle of such a breed. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Ungulata (hoofed) > group Ruminantia (sheep, goats, cows, etc.) > breeds of ox > [adjective] > of miscellaneous breeds of ox belted1582 West Highland1761 Dunlop1793 middle-horned1796 East Friesian1856 Podolian1879 criollo1893 Simmental1906 beef-dairy1960 1893 C. E. Akers Argentine, Patagonian & Chilian Sketches x. 112 In most cases the estancieros of the Rio Negro are content to go on with the Criollo cattle, the native breed of the country. 1943 Science 15 Jan. 56/2 The native Criollo cattle of Venezuela and central and northern Brazil. 1983 J. J. Parsons in D. H. Janzen Costa Rican Nat. Hist. vi. 77/1 The original criollo breed has been substantially upgraded by Zebu, Charolais, shorthorn, Hereford, and other bloods. 1996 Amer. Jrnl. Agric. Econ. 78 1330/1 Unimproved (criollo) animals have been part of the production system for years. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, November 2010; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.adj.1604
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