cruden.
/kruːd/, U.S. /krud/ 1. Crude oil (see crude adj. 1b).
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > hydrocarbon minerals > [noun] > oil
crude oil1865
crude1904
black gold1910
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > mineral material > mineral oil > [noun]
petroleum1526
oil of petre1528
petrol1540
oil of saltpetre1685
earth-oil1732
white oil1763
mineral oil1771
coal oil1784
petroleum oil1799
crude oil1865
petroleum spirit1868
petroleum coke1881
crude1904
black gold1910
marker crude1974
benchmark crude1975
1904 Encycl. Americana XII, at Petroleum Industry The crude..might be found in paying quantities if artesian wells were sunk.
1916 T. J. Hoover Concentrating Ores by Flotation (ed. 3) 123 Russian crude.
1921 J. E. Pogue Econ. Petroleum 79 The details of a complete refinery differ according to the type of crude employed.
1921 J. E. Pogue Econ. Petroleum 82 Asphaltic crudes such as those of the Gold Coast.
1922 D. T. Day Petrol. Industry II. 12 A high-priced, stock-producing crude.
1960 Times 11 Apr. 15/5 In 1959 French bottoms carried almost 90 per cent. of the crude reaching France from all sources.
1970 R. Johnston Black Camels v. 86 We might be thankful for that crude to feed the refinery.
Categories »
2. plural. Crude or unconcentrated ore. Australian.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1972; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
crudeadj.
/kruːd/, U.S. /krud/ 1.
a. In the natural or raw state; ‘not changed by any process or preparation’ (Johnson); not manufactured, refined, tempered, etc.; of bricks, unbaked.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > [adjective]
rough1364
rudec1384
crudec1386
rawa1398
unwroughtc1400
unwerkedc1430
uncured1622
unmanufactured1644
unworked1730
c1386 G. Chaucer Canon's Yeoman's Prol. & Tale 219 In amalgamynge, and calcenynge Of quyksilver, y-clept mercury crude.
1555 R. Eden tr. G. F. de Oviedo y Valdés Summarie Gen. Hist. W. Indies in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 179 Gold..is so muche the baser, fouler, and more crude.
1666 R. Boyle Origine Formes & Qualities 134 All these Vitriols, especially that of crude Lead.
?1750 J. Wesley Primitive Physick (ed. 2) 118 Dissolve a Dram of crude Sal Armoniac.
1822 T. Webster Imison's Elem. Sci. & Art (new ed.) II. 115 An ore called crude Antimony, which is a Sulphuret of antimony.
1862 G. Rawlinson Five Great Monarchies I. v. 92 Sometimes the crude and the burnt brick were used in alternate layers.
1883 Eng. Illustr. Mag. Nov. 89/1 Spelter in the crude form of calamine stone.
b. crude oil, natural mineral oil. So crude petroleum.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > minerals > types of mineral > hydrocarbon minerals > [noun] > oil
crude oil1865
crude1904
black gold1910
society > occupation and work > materials > raw material > mineral material > mineral oil > [noun]
petroleum1526
oil of petre1528
petrol1540
oil of saltpetre1685
earth-oil1732
white oil1763
mineral oil1771
coal oil1784
petroleum oil1799
crude oil1865
petroleum spirit1868
petroleum coke1881
crude1904
black gold1910
marker crude1974
benchmark crude1975
1865 Atlantic Monthly 15 389 Wagons laden with crude oil for the refinery.
1896 B. Redwood Treat. Petroleum I. 215 The crude oil of Upper Burma.
1896 B. Redwood Treat. Petroleum I. 215 The solid hydrocarbons present in crude petroleum.
1911 Encycl. Brit. XXI. 317/2 Paraffins are found in all crude oils.
1931 Discovery Nov. 350/1 Crude-oil rail traction is the successor to steam rail traction.
1970 Times 16 Apr. 14/5 The tar lumps are residues of crude oil.
c. crude fibre n. the insoluble residue left when vegetable matter is boiled alternately in dilute acids and alkalis, corresponding roughly to its indigestible part.
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society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > vegetable extracts or preparations > [noun] > mass left after preparation of extracts
extract1801
extractive1807
crude fibre1895
1895 C. F. Cross et al. Cellulose 165 ‘Crude Fibre’.— ‘Rohfaser’.
1901 C. F. Cross & E. J. Bevan Researches on Cellulose 16 The product of this treatment, viz. ‘crude fibre’, is a mixture, containing furfuroids and lignone compounds.
1910 Encycl. Brit. V. 606/2 In the analysis of fodder plants.. the residue obtained after successive acid and alkaline hydrolysis is the ‘crude fibre’ of the agricultural chemist.
1927 R. G. Linton Anim. Nutrition & Vet. Dietetics i. 9 As obtained by ordinary analysis, crude fibre is a mixture of cellulose, lignin, cutin, pentosans, etc.
1965 Brit. Poultry Sci. VI. 23/2 There is little detailed information concerning crude fibre digestion by poultry.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > cooking > [adjective] > cooked > not cooked or raw
raweOE
unsoddenc1000
greenOE
unsoda1250
crude1542
undecocted1542
unleepeda1568
uncoqued1617
incocted1645
rough1793
uncooked1846
raw food1904
cookless1907
1542 A. Borde Compend. Regyment Helth ix. sig. E.iiv Of eatynge of crude meate.
1584 T. Cogan Hauen of Health ccxiii. 198 He neuer eate anie crud or raw thing, as fruits, herbes.
a1682 Sir T. Browne Certain Misc. Tracts (1683) i. 23 Meal of crude and unparched Corn.
1796 Hull Advertiser 23 Apr. 1/4 The inside [of the potato] will be nearly in a crude state.
3. † b. transferred. Characterized by or affected with indigestion; lacking power to digest. Obsolete.
a. Of food in the stomach, secretions, ‘humours’: Not, or not fully, digested or ‘concocted’.
ΘΚΠ
the world > life > the body > digestive or excretive organs > digestive organs > [adjective] > digested > undigested
undefied1398
undigest1398
crude1533
raw1533
undecoct1542
undigested1598
hard1601
inconcocted1605
unconcoct1605
unconcocted1611
indigested1620
untempered1822
1533 T. Elyot Castel of Helthe ii. ix Rape rootes..if they be not perfectly concoct in the stomake, they do make crude or raw iuice in the veynes.
1668 N. Culpeper & A. Cole tr. T. Bartholin Anat. (new ed.) i. ix. 18 The Venter and the Reticulum..are ordained to hold the crude meat.
1790 W. Buchan Domest. Med. (ed. 11) lv. 635 Which induces a languid circulation, a crude indigested mass of humours.
1851 W. B. Carpenter Man. Physiol. 322 In the higher Plants, the ascending or crude sap is to be distinguished from the elaborated or descending sap.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > disorders of internal organs > digestive disorders > [adjective] > having indigestion
raw1540
raw stomached1591
crude1607
indigestive1632
indigested1663
undigesting1725
dyspeptic1809
dyspeptical1831
bradypeptic1879
1607 B. Jonson Volpone ii. ii. sig. E To fortifie the most indigest, and crude stomacke. View more context for this quotation
1637 J. Milton Comus 17 A perpetuall feast of nectar'd sweets Where no crude surfet raigns.
1671 J. Milton Paradise Regain'd iv. 325 Deep verst in books and shallow in himself, Crude or intoxicate, collecting toys, And trifles. View more context for this quotation
4. Of fruit: Unripe; sour or harsh to the taste.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > fruit or a fruit > [adjective] > not ripe
crude1555
immature1599
1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde f. 263 Crude thynges are in shorte tyme made rype.
1638 J. Milton Lycidas in Obsequies 20 in Justa Edouardo King I come to pluck your berries harsh and crude.
1737 R. West Ad Amicos in Let. 4 July in T. Gray Corr. (1971) I. 62 Or, ere the grapes their purple hue betray, Tear the crude cluster from the mourning spray.
1853 C. Brontë Let. in E. C. Gaskell Life C. Brontë (1857) II. xii. 293 As the..wasp attacks the sweetest and mellowest fruit, eschewing what is sour and crude.
5. Of a disease, morbid growth, etc.: In an early or undeveloped stage; not matured.
ΘΚΠ
the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > [adjective] > in early stage
crude1651
1651 R. Wittie tr. J. Primrose Pop. Errours iv. 225 In diseases that are crude, and hard to bee concocted.
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Crudity That State of the Disease, wherein the crude Matter is changed, and render'd less peccant, and laudable, is call'd Digestion, Concoction, or Maturation.
1847–9 Todd's Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. IV. i. 107/2 Tubercle having subsisted for a..time in the firm (or, as it is called, crude) state.
6. Of products of the mind: Not matured, not completely thought out or worked up; ill-digested.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > misjudgement > [adjective] > wrong (of judgement)
waywardc1384
crude1611
misreputed1643
misjudged1644
wrong-headed1735
the world > action or operation > undertaking > preparation > unpreparedness > [adjective] > unready or immature > of products of the mind
indigested1587
crude1611
undigested1655
unelaborated1850
1611 B. Jonson Catiline Ded. sig. A2v Against all noise of opinion: from whose crude, and ayry reports, I appeale, to that..singular faculty of Iudgment in your Lordship. View more context for this quotation
1645 E. Pagitt Heresiogr. 58 Being tyed to the ex tempore and crude prayers of their Ministers.
1749 G. Berkeley Let. in Wks. (1871) IV. 323 I have thrown together these few crude thoughts for you to ruminate upon.
1827 B. Disraeli Vivian Grey IV. vi. vii. 263 The crude opinions of an unpractised man.
1849 T. B. Macaulay Hist. Eng. II. 654 Hasty and crude legislation on subjects so grave could not but produce new grievances.
7.
a. Of literary or artistic work: Lacking finish, or maturity of treatment; rough, unpolished.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > the arts in general > [adjective] > qualities of works generally
wateryc1230
polite?a1500
meagre1539
over-laboured1579
bald1589
spiritless1592
light1597
meretricious1633
standing1661
effectual1662
airy1664
severe1665
correct1676
enervatea1704
free1728
classic1743
academic1752
academical1752
chaste1753
nerveless1763
epic1769
crude1786
effective1790
creative1791
soulless1794
mannered1796
manneristical1830
manneristic1837
subjective1840
inartisticala1849
abstract1857
inartistic1859
literary1900
period1905
atmospheric1908
dateless1908
atmosphered1920
non-naturalistic1925
self-indulgent1926
free-styled1933
soft-centred1935
freestyle1938
pseudish1938
decadent1942
post-human1944
kitschy1946
faux-naïf1958
spare1965
society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > inelegance > [adjective]
wanmola1325
rudea1393
lewdc1425
rustyc1425
unpolisheda1450
roidc1485
inelegant1509
gross1513
rough?1520
barbarous1526
ineloquent1532
inconcinnate1534
crabby1550
crabbed1561
uneloquent1565
unelegant1570
unkempt1579
unfiled1590
illiterate1598
unconceived1599
aliterate1624
incompta1628
scabbed1630
uncombed1633
uncompt1633
uncouth1694
coarse1699
slatternly1783
crude1786
warty1822
stumbling1859
the world > action or operation > ability > inability > unskilfulness > [adjective] > unskilled in art or craft > unskilfully made or done > rough or crude
gross1513
incult1599
infabricated1623
rough1680
artless1695
crude1786
blockish1880
hairy1914
1786 J. Reynolds Disc. Royal Acad. xiii No Architect took greater care than he [Vanbrugh] that his work should not appear crude and hard.
1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1763 I. 221 [Quoting Mallet, 25 June 1763] The crude efforts of envy, petulance, and self-conceit.
1833 C. Lamb Ellistoniana in Last Ess. Elia 43 In elegies, that shall silence this crude prose.
1875 C. D. E. Fortnum Maiolica iii. 30 The design, crude and wanting in relief.
b. Of natural objects: Coarse, clumsy.
ΚΠ
a1828 T. Campbell Power of Russia in Poems vi But Russia's limbs..Are crude, and too colossal to cohere.
1853 E. K. Kane U.S. Grinnell Exped. iii. 28 A school of fin-backed whales, great, crude, wallowing sea-hogs.
8. Of action or statement: Rough, rude, blunt, not qualified by amenity.
ΘΚΠ
society > leisure > the arts > literature > style of language or writing > plainness > [adjective] > straightforward or direct
naked?c1225
platc1385
plaina1393
light?a1400
rounda1450
direct1530
frank1548
evena1573
handsmooth1612
point-blank1648
crude1650
plain-spoken1658
plain-spoke1706
unambiguous1751
plump1789
straightforward1806
plain-said1867
pine-blank1883
straight1894
point-to-point1905
non-ambiguous1924
Wife of Bath1926
simpliste1973
1650 Bp. J. Taylor Serm. Return of Prayers iii John Huss..for the crude delivery of this truth was sentenced by the council of Constance.
1670 C. Cotton tr. G. Girard Hist. Life Duke of Espernon iii. x. 510 Surpriz'd at so slight, and so crude an answer.
9.
a. Of persons: Characterized by crudeness of thought, feeling, action, or character.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > attention and judgement > bad taste > lack of refinement > [adjective] > coarse
agrest?1440
robust1511
roynish1570
sowish1570
lubberlike1572
lubberly1580
ordinarya1586
roborean1656
porcine1660
coarse1680
crude1722
low1725
piggish1742
coarse-graineda1774
crass1861
coarse-fibred1872
barnyard1895
farmyard1911
rough as guts1919
the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > [adjective] > ill-mannered > unrefined > specifically of persons
uplandisha1387
rustyc1485
rustical?1532
gross?1533
rusticc1550
rough-hewn1591
unfashioned1606
unpolite1674
crude1722
uncouth1732
piggish1742
rough-spun1768
coarse-graineda1774
coarse-fibred1872
rough as guts1919
1722–4 J. Swift Maxims controlled in Ireland Errors committed by crude and short thinkers.
1837 E. Bulwer-Lytton Ernest Maltravers I. i. xvi. 152 A crude or sarcastic unbeliever.
1876 ‘G. Eliot’ Daniel Deronda II. iv. xxviii. 205 A cruder lover would have lost the view of her pretty ways and attitudes.
b. Of manners or behaviour: Unpolished, ‘rude’.
ΘΚΠ
the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > [adjective] > ill-mannered > unrefined
boistousc1300
untheweda1325
uplandisha1387
unaffiled1390
rudea1393
knavishc1405
peoplisha1425
clubbedc1440
blunt1477
lob?1507
robust1511
borel1513
carterly1519
clubbish1530
rough?1531
rustical?1532
incondite1539
agrestc1550
rusticc1550
brute1555
lobcocka1556
loutisha1556
carterlike1561
boorish1562
ruggedc1565
lobbish1567
loutlike1567
sowish1570
clownish1581
unrefined1582
impolished1583
homespun1590
transalpinea1592
swaddish1593
unpolished1594
untutored1595
swabberly1596
tartarous1602
porterly1603
lobcocked1606
lob-like1606
cluster-fisted1611
agrestic1617
inurbane1623
unelevated1627
incult1628
unbrushed1640
vulgar1643
unhewed1644
unsmooth1648
hirsute1658
loutardly1658
unhewn1659
roughsome?c1660
sordid1668
inhumanea1680
coarse1699
brutal1709
ramgunshoch1721
tramontane1740
uncouth1740
no-nationa1756
unurbane1760
turnipy1792
rudas1802
common1804
cubbish1819
clodhopping1828
vulgarian1833
cloddish1844
unkempt1846
bush1851
vulgarish1860
rodney1866
crude1876
ignorant1886
yobby1910
nekulturny1932
oikish1959
yobbish1966
ocker1972
down and dirty1977
1876 T. Hardy Hand of Ethelberta I. xv. 161 To correct a small sister of somewhat crude manners as regards filling the mouth.
10. Grammar. Applied to a word in its uninflected state, or to that part which is independent of inflection; esp. in crude form, the uninflected form or stem of a word.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > morpheme > [noun] > stem or base
theme1530
thema1615
crude form1805
base1836
stem1851
base form1864
word base1865
kernel1894
stem-form1928
nucleus1932
base word1935
the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > morphology > inflection > [adjective] > inflected > not
impersonalc1620
absolute1786
crude1805
aptotic1849
flexionless1860
inflectionless1878
1805 H. T. Colebrooke Gram. Sanskrit Lang. I. 129 The root, or theme, denominated dhātu, consists of the radical letters, disjoined from the affixes and augments. It may be called a crude verb.
1808 C. Wilkins Gram. Sanskrĭta Lang. 36.
1830 G. Long Observ. Study Gr. & Lat. Lang. 37 Λιθο, λογο, must be considered as the roots, or rather the crude forms, both in the formation of the cases, and in that of the compounds.
1844 B. H. Kennedy Lat. Gram. Curric. 129 Besides this root, common to all words of one kindred, every word has a Crude-form or Stem, which represents it independently of any relation to other words.
1875 W. D. Whitney Life & Growth Lang. iii. 41 The base or crude-form of an adjective as adverb.
11. Statistics. Unadjusted; not corrected by reference to modifying circumstances; spec. crude birth-rate, crude death-rate, the total figures before adjustment.
ΘΚΠ
the world > relative properties > number > probability or statistics > [adjective] > unadjusted
crude1889
raw1902
unsmoothed1945
1889 Jrnl. Royal Statist. Soc. 72 442 The merest tyro in statistics knows that crude gross numbers are of little value.
1896 Lancet 15 Aug. 479/1 The mean crude or uncorrected death-rate.
1896 Lancet 15 Aug. 479/2 The range of corrected death-rates is far wider than that of crude death-rates.
1945 New Biol. 1 30 A crude birth-rate is the annual number of births per thousand living persons.
1945 New Biol. 1 36 Determination of the standard mortality rate, as opposed to the crude death-rate, is a simple matter if we know the age composition of the population and specific mortality rates for each year of life.
1965 Times 13 Feb. 8/3 These are crude figures, with exports valued f.o.b. and imports c.i.f.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online June 2022).
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n.1904
adj.c1386