crouseadj.adv.

Brit.

/kruːs/, U.S.

/krus/, Scottish English

/krus/

Forms: Middle English crus, (Middle English cruse), Middle English–1500s crous, Middle English– crouse, (Middle English crows(s, Middle English crouss(e, 1500s–1800s crowse, 1800s croose).

Etymology: Middle English northern crūs, crous, agreeing in form with Middle High German, Middle Low German, Low German krûs crisp, Middle Dutch kruys (Kilian) crisp, curly, modern German kraus crisp, curled, sullen, crabbed, fractious, modern Dutch kroes (from Low German) crisp, cross, out of humour, East Frisian krûs curly, entangled, luxurious, opulent, wanton, jolly. Not found in the earlier stages of any of the languages; in English only northern, and almost exclusively Scots (whence the pronunciation with u), though borrowed by Drayton and some of his contemporaries, and then rhymed with English words in ou; also found in Yorkshire dialect with aa < ou. As only the figurative senses are here found, it appears to be one of the Low German or Frisian words which appeared in the northern dialect early in the Middle English period.

Scottish and northern dialect.

A. adj.

†1. Angry, irate, cross, crabbed. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > anger > [adjective]

irrec825

gramec893

wemodc897

wrothc950

bolghenc1000

gramelyc1000

hotOE

on fireOE

brathc1175

moodyc1175

to-bollenc1175

wrethfulc1175

wraw?c1225

agrameda1300

wrathfula1300

agremedc1300

hastivec1300

irousa1340

wretheda1340

aniredc1350

felonc1374

angryc1380

upreareda1382

jealous1382

crousea1400

grieveda1400

irefula1400

mada1400

teena1400

wraweda1400

wretthy14..

angryc1405

errevousa1420

wrothy1422

angereda1425

passionatec1425

fumous1430

tangylc1440

heavy1452

fire angry1490

wrothsomea1529

angerful?1533

wrothful?1534

wrath1535

provoked1538

warm1547

vibrant1575

chauffe1582

fuming1582

enfeloned1596

incensed1597

choleric1598

inflameda1600

raiseda1600

exasperate1601

angried1609

exasperated1611

dispassionate1635

bristlinga1639

peltish1648

sultry1671

on (also upon) the high ropes (also rope)1672

nangry1681

ugly1687

sorea1694

glimflashy1699

enraged1732

spunky1809

cholerous1822

kwaai1827

wrathy1828

angersome1834

outraged1836

irate1838

vex1843

raring1845

waxy1853

stiff1856

scotty1867

bristly1872

hot under the collar1879

black angry1894

spitfire1894

passionful1901

ignorant1913

hairy1914

snaky1919

steamed1923

uptight1934

broigus1937

lemony1941

ripped1941

pissed1943

crooked1945

teed off1955

ticked off1959

ripe1966

torqued1967

bummed1970

the mind > emotion > anger > irascibility > ill-naturedness > [adjective]

stour1303

thwarta1325

elvishc1386

wrawc1386

wrawfulc1386

crabbeda1400

crousea1400

cursedc1400

doggeda1425

currishc1460

disagreeable1474

dour1488

thrawn1488

terne?1507

apirsmarta1522

crustyc1570

incommodious1570

bilious1571

mischievous-stomached1577

thrawn-faced1578

thrawn-mowit1578

wearisha1586

shrewish1596

rhubarbative1600

crabbish1606

ill-tempereda1616

cur-like1627

thrawn-faceda1628

terned1638

cross1639

splenial1641

frumpish1647

wry1649

bad-tempered1671

hot-tempered1673

sidy1673

ugly1687

ornery1692

cankerya1699

ramgunshoch1721

cantankerousc1736

frumpy1746

unhappy1756

grumpy1778

crabby1791

grumpish1797

thraw-gabbit18..

snarlish1813

cranky1821

stuntya1825

ill-natured1825

nattery1825

rantankerous1832

foul-tempered1835

cacochymical1836

as cross as two sticks1842

grumphy1846

knappy1855

carnaptious1858

cussed1858

three-cornered1863

snotty1870

sniffy1871

snorty1893

grouchy1895

scratchy1925

tight1950

stroppy1951

snitty1978

arsey1989

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 14740 Gains þam he was ful kene and crus, ‘Dos yow,’ he said, ‘vte of mi hus.'

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 27740 It [sc. wrath] es a cruel thing and crus.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Coll. Phys.) l. 21882 To be fuse, Ogain þat come þat es sa cruse.

†2. Bold, audacious, daring, hardy, forward, full of defiant confidence, ‘cocky’. Obsolete. In later use passing insensibly into 3, as when the crowing cock becomes the type.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > pride > self-assertiveness > [adjective]

crousea1400

crank1499

cockish1551

forward1561

forthyc1565

forthputting?1577

perching1579

perk1579

perking?1584

officious1596

pratchant1596

putting-forth1621

obtrusive1652

petulcous1661

pushing1682

coxy1728

cocky1768

bumptious1801

furthy1808

upsetting1817

perky1820

self-asserting1821

protrusive1841

self-assertive1849

aggressive1855

self-assertory1867

perkisha1870

pushful1871

pushy1874

forritsome1894

chesty1900

the mind > emotion > courage > daring > [adjective]

keenc897

dearOE

bolda1000

hardyc1225

yepec1275

crousea1400

jeopardousa1513

audacious1550

facing1564

venturous1565

daring1582

daring-hardy1597

audaculous1603

dareful1614

adventuresome1628

outdacious1742

risky1826

plucky1835

plucked1846

racy1901

have-a-go1953

philobatic1955

Boy's Own1967

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 23749 (MED) Oure flesshe is euer to synne crous.

a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 3044 O him sal gret men cum and crus.

1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 592 None durst be so hardie and so crous To speik of him.

1597 M. Drayton Englands Heroicall Epist. f. 50 ^v Duke Humphry's old alies..Attending theyr reuenge, grow wondrous crouse [rhyme house].

c1620 A. Hume Of Orthogr. Britan Tongue (1870) ii. iv. §4 He is the noat of the male; as..he is a crouse cock; he is a fat wether.

1724 A. Ramsay Tea-table Misc. (1733) I. 8 The wooer he step'd up the house And wow but he was wond'rous crouse.

1808 J. Mayne Siller Gun (new ed.) iii. 131 Croose as a cock in his ain cavie.

1862 A. Hislop Prov. Scotl. 16 A man's aye crouse in his ain cause.

1883 T. Lees Easther's Gloss. Dial. Almondbury & Huddersfield Crouse [pron. craas], bold, brave, lively.

3. In somewhat high or lively spirits; vivacious; pert, brisk, lively, jolly.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > pleasure > cheerfulness > [adjective] > cheerful and lively

taitc1300

cant1330

crouse?a1400

pert?a1513

sprightya1522

aleger1590

sprightly1594

sunshine1594

brighta1616

lifesomec1635

flippant1711

cantya1724

saucy1741

chirk1789

chipper1806

chirrupy1808

up1815

chirpy1837

breezy1870

cyclonish1884

?a1400 Chester Pl. (Shaks. Soc.) I. 51 Heare are beastes in this howse, Heare cattes make yt crousse.

1593 M. Drayton Idea vii. sig. G4^v The little flie, Who is so crowse and gamesome with the flame.

1652 R. Brome Joviall Crew i. sig. C3^v How cheare my hearts? 1 Beg. Most crowse, most capringly.

1674 J. Ray N. Countrey Words in Coll. Eng. Words 12 Crowse, brisk, budge, lively, jolly.

1792 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) II. 668 Now they're crouse and canty baith.

1855 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Yorks. Words 40 Crowse, brisk. ‘As crowse as a lop.’

1858 M. Porteous Real Souter Johnny (ed. 2) 8 My faith ! she was a wife right crouse.

B. adv.

Boldly, confidently, briskly, vivaciously: esp. in to crack or craw crouse (Scottish), to talk boldly or over-confidently.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > pride > excessive self-confidence > [adverb]

crousea1525

self-confidently1648

cocksurely1887

the mind > emotion > pride > self-assertiveness > [adverb]

crousea1525

forwardly1552

cockishly1570

officiously1598

cockingly?1734

protrusively1833

perkingly1841

self-assertingly1841

perkily1843

bumptiously1844

cockily1855

chestily1908

with (an) attitude1975

the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > absence of doubt, confidence > [adverb]

trulyOE

boldlyc1175

sickerlyc1275

tristly1340

redelya1375

redilya1375

surelyc1380

tristilyc1380

certainc1384

faithfullyc1384

trustilyc1390

certainlya1400

trustlya1400

undoubtinglyc1400

absolutely?a1425

positivelyc1443

assuredly1508

traist1508

traistfully1508

crousea1525

constantlya1538

resolutely1540

suredly1551

trestly1568

cocksure1579

resolvedly1610

assurantly1619

emphatically1629

decretorily1660

convincedly1812

unmisgivingly1842

solid1937

a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 221 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 101 Cryand full crowss.

1681 S. Colvil Mock Poem (1751) 145 And after thou hast crackt so crouse, Thy mountains do bring forth a mouse.

1786 R. Burns Twa Dogs xx, in Poems 16 The cantie, auld folks, crackan crouse.

a1810 R. Tannahill Poems (1846) 11 My trouth but ye craw crouse.

1824 S. Ferrier Inheritance II. xxxiv. 368 Some people will maybe not crack quite so crouse by-and-bye.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	crouse
释义	crouseadj.adv. Brit. /kruːs/, U.S. /krus/, Scottish English /krus/ Forms: Middle English crus, (Middle English cruse), Middle English–1500s crous, Middle English– crouse, (Middle English crows(s, Middle English crouss(e, 1500s–1800s crowse, 1800s croose). Etymology: Middle English northern crūs, crous, agreeing in form with Middle High German, Middle Low German, Low German krûs crisp, Middle Dutch kruys (Kilian) crisp, curly, modern German kraus crisp, curled, sullen, crabbed, fractious, modern Dutch kroes (from Low German) crisp, cross, out of humour, East Frisian krûs curly, entangled, luxurious, opulent, wanton, jolly. Not found in the earlier stages of any of the languages; in English only northern, and almost exclusively Scots (whence the pronunciation with u), though borrowed by Drayton and some of his contemporaries, and then rhymed with English words in ou; also found in Yorkshire dialect with aa < ou. As only the figurative senses are here found, it appears to be one of the Low German or Frisian words which appeared in the northern dialect early in the Middle English period. Scottish and northern dialect. A. adj. †1. Angry, irate, cross, crabbed. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > anger > [adjective] irrec825 gramec893 wemodc897 wrothc950 bolghenc1000 gramelyc1000 hotOE on fireOE brathc1175 moodyc1175 to-bollenc1175 wrethfulc1175 wraw?c1225 agrameda1300 wrathfula1300 agremedc1300 hastivec1300 irousa1340 wretheda1340 aniredc1350 felonc1374 angryc1380 upreareda1382 jealous1382 crousea1400 grieveda1400 irefula1400 mada1400 teena1400 wraweda1400 wretthy14.. angryc1405 errevousa1420 wrothy1422 angereda1425 passionatec1425 fumous1430 tangylc1440 heavy1452 fire angry1490 wrothsomea1529 angerful?1533 wrothful?1534 wrath1535 provoked1538 warm1547 vibrant1575 chauffe1582 fuming1582 enfeloned1596 incensed1597 choleric1598 inflameda1600 raiseda1600 exasperate1601 angried1609 exasperated1611 dispassionate1635 bristlinga1639 peltish1648 sultry1671 on (also upon) the high ropes (also rope)1672 nangry1681 ugly1687 sorea1694 glimflashy1699 enraged1732 spunky1809 cholerous1822 kwaai1827 wrathy1828 angersome1834 outraged1836 irate1838 vex1843 raring1845 waxy1853 stiff1856 scotty1867 bristly1872 hot under the collar1879 black angry1894 spitfire1894 passionful1901 ignorant1913 hairy1914 snaky1919 steamed1923 uptight1934 broigus1937 lemony1941 ripped1941 pissed1943 crooked1945 teed off1955 ticked off1959 ripe1966 torqued1967 bummed1970 the mind > emotion > anger > irascibility > ill-naturedness > [adjective] stour1303 thwarta1325 elvishc1386 wrawc1386 wrawfulc1386 crabbeda1400 crousea1400 cursedc1400 doggeda1425 currishc1460 disagreeable1474 dour1488 thrawn1488 terne?1507 apirsmarta1522 crustyc1570 incommodious1570 bilious1571 mischievous-stomached1577 thrawn-faced1578 thrawn-mowit1578 wearisha1586 shrewish1596 rhubarbative1600 crabbish1606 ill-tempereda1616 cur-like1627 thrawn-faceda1628 terned1638 cross1639 splenial1641 frumpish1647 wry1649 bad-tempered1671 hot-tempered1673 sidy1673 ugly1687 ornery1692 cankerya1699 ramgunshoch1721 cantankerousc1736 frumpy1746 unhappy1756 grumpy1778 crabby1791 grumpish1797 thraw-gabbit18.. snarlish1813 cranky1821 stuntya1825 ill-natured1825 nattery1825 rantankerous1832 foul-tempered1835 cacochymical1836 as cross as two sticks1842 grumphy1846 knappy1855 carnaptious1858 cussed1858 three-cornered1863 snotty1870 sniffy1871 snorty1893 grouchy1895 scratchy1925 tight1950 stroppy1951 snitty1978 arsey1989 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 14740 Gains þam he was ful kene and crus, ‘Dos yow,’ he said, ‘vte of mi hus.' a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 27740 It [sc. wrath] es a cruel thing and crus. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Coll. Phys.) l. 21882 To be fuse, Ogain þat come þat es sa cruse. †2. Bold, audacious, daring, hardy, forward, full of defiant confidence, ‘cocky’. Obsolete. In later use passing insensibly into 3, as when the crowing cock becomes the type. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pride > self-assertiveness > [adjective] crousea1400 crank1499 cockish1551 forward1561 forthyc1565 forthputting?1577 perching1579 perk1579 perking?1584 officious1596 pratchant1596 putting-forth1621 obtrusive1652 petulcous1661 pushing1682 coxy1728 cocky1768 bumptious1801 furthy1808 upsetting1817 perky1820 self-asserting1821 protrusive1841 self-assertive1849 aggressive1855 self-assertory1867 perkisha1870 pushful1871 pushy1874 forritsome1894 chesty1900 the mind > emotion > courage > daring > [adjective] keenc897 dearOE bolda1000 hardyc1225 yepec1275 crousea1400 jeopardousa1513 audacious1550 facing1564 venturous1565 daring1582 daring-hardy1597 audaculous1603 dareful1614 adventuresome1628 outdacious1742 risky1826 plucky1835 plucked1846 racy1901 have-a-go1953 philobatic1955 Boy's Own1967 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 23749 (MED) Oure flesshe is euer to synne crous. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 3044 O him sal gret men cum and crus. 1535 W. Stewart tr. H. Boethius Bk. Cron. Scotl. (1858) II. 592 None durst be so hardie and so crous To speik of him. 1597 M. Drayton Englands Heroicall Epist. f. 50 ^v Duke Humphry's old alies..Attending theyr reuenge, grow wondrous crouse [rhyme house]. c1620 A. Hume Of Orthogr. Britan Tongue (1870) ii. iv. §4 He is the noat of the male; as..he is a crouse cock; he is a fat wether. 1724 A. Ramsay Tea-table Misc. (1733) I. 8 The wooer he step'd up the house And wow but he was wond'rous crouse. 1808 J. Mayne Siller Gun (new ed.) iii. 131 Croose as a cock in his ain cavie. 1862 A. Hislop Prov. Scotl. 16 A man's aye crouse in his ain cause. 1883 T. Lees Easther's Gloss. Dial. Almondbury & Huddersfield Crouse [pron. craas], bold, brave, lively. 3. In somewhat high or lively spirits; vivacious; pert, brisk, lively, jolly. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pleasure > cheerfulness > [adjective] > cheerful and lively taitc1300 cant1330 crouse?a1400 pert?a1513 sprightya1522 aleger1590 sprightly1594 sunshine1594 brighta1616 lifesomec1635 flippant1711 cantya1724 saucy1741 chirk1789 chipper1806 chirrupy1808 up1815 chirpy1837 breezy1870 cyclonish1884 ?a1400 Chester Pl. (Shaks. Soc.) I. 51 Heare are beastes in this howse, Heare cattes make yt crousse. 1593 M. Drayton Idea vii. sig. G4^v The little flie, Who is so crowse and gamesome with the flame. 1652 R. Brome Joviall Crew i. sig. C3^v How cheare my hearts? 1 Beg. Most crowse, most capringly. 1674 J. Ray N. Countrey Words in Coll. Eng. Words 12 Crowse, brisk, budge, lively, jolly. 1792 R. Burns Poems & Songs (1968) II. 668 Now they're crouse and canty baith. 1855 F. K. Robinson Gloss. Yorks. Words 40 Crowse, brisk. ‘As crowse as a lop.’ 1858 M. Porteous Real Souter Johnny (ed. 2) 8 My faith ! she was a wife right crouse. B. adv. Boldly, confidently, briskly, vivaciously: esp. in to crack or craw crouse (Scottish), to talk boldly or over-confidently. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > pride > excessive self-confidence > [adverb] crousea1525 self-confidently1648 cocksurely1887 the mind > emotion > pride > self-assertiveness > [adverb] crousea1525 forwardly1552 cockishly1570 officiously1598 cockingly?1734 protrusively1833 perkingly1841 self-assertingly1841 perkily1843 bumptiously1844 cockily1855 chestily1908 with (an) attitude1975 the mind > mental capacity > belief > uncertainty, doubt, hesitation > absence of doubt, confidence > [adverb] trulyOE boldlyc1175 sickerlyc1275 tristly1340 redelya1375 redilya1375 surelyc1380 tristilyc1380 certainc1384 faithfullyc1384 trustilyc1390 certainlya1400 trustlya1400 undoubtinglyc1400 absolutely?a1425 positivelyc1443 assuredly1508 traist1508 traistfully1508 crousea1525 constantlya1538 resolutely1540 suredly1551 trestly1568 cocksure1579 resolvedly1610 assurantly1619 emphatically1629 decretorily1660 convincedly1812 unmisgivingly1842 solid1937 a1525 (c1448) R. Holland Bk. Howlat l. 221 in W. A. Craigie Asloan MS (1925) II. 101 Cryand full crowss. 1681 S. Colvil Mock Poem (1751) 145 And after thou hast crackt so crouse, Thy mountains do bring forth a mouse. 1786 R. Burns Twa Dogs xx, in Poems 16 The cantie, auld folks, crackan crouse. a1810 R. Tannahill Poems (1846) 11 My trouth but ye craw crouse. 1824 S. Ferrier Inheritance II. xxxiv. 368 Some people will maybe not crack quite so crouse by-and-bye. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.adv.a1400
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