curfewn.

Brit.

/ˈkəːfjuː/, U.S.

/ˈkərˌfju/

Forms: α. (Middle English coeverfu), Middle English corfu, corfeu, keverfue, Middle English–1600s corfew, curfewe, Middle English curfu, Middle English–1500s courfeu(e, curpheue, 1500s–1600s curfue, 1600s curphew, 1700s corfeu, corfue, corphew, curfeu, Middle English– curfew; β. Middle English corfour, Middle English–1500s curfur, 1500s courfyre, curfoyr, 1600s curfure, curphour; 1500s curfle. Also (etymological restorations) 1600s couvrefeu, coverfeu, coverfew.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman coeverfu, = Old French cuevre-fu, quevre-feu, covre-feu (13th cent.), < couvre, imperative of couvrir to cover + feu fire: compare the medieval Latin names ignitegium, pyritegium, < tegĕre to cover. The corrupt forms in -four, -fur, etc. appear to be of phonetic origin, though in some cases associated with fire.The statement that the curfew was introduced into England by William the Conqueror as a measure of political repression has been current since the 16th century, but rests on no early historical evidence. See Freeman Norm. Conq. (1875) III. 185 as to what ‘seems to be the origin of the famous and misrepresented curfew’.1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 9 He caused a Bell to be rong in euery towne..at .viij. of the clocke..which..is called in the Norman language, Couer le feu, which we now corruptly call Curfur.1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. 163 Its affirmed that the Normans did impose a new custome called Coverfeu.a1763 W. Shenstone Elegies xv, in Wks. Verse & Prose (1764) I. 35 So droop'd, I ween, each Briton's breast of old When the dull curfew spoke their freedom fled.1769 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. IV. 412.

Categories »

a. A regulation in force in medieval Europe by which at a fixed hour in the evening, indicated by the ringing of a bell, fires were to be covered over or extinguished; also, the hour of evening when this signal was given, and the bell rung for the purpose. Also transferred and figurative.

b. Hence, the practice of ringing a bell at a fixed hour in the evening, usually eight or nine o'clock, continued after the original purpose was obsolete, and often used as a signal in connection with various municipal or communal regulations; the practice of ringing the evening bell still survives in some places. In extended use: a restriction imposed upon the movements of the inhabitants of an area for a specified period.The primary purpose of the curfew appears to have been the prevention of conflagrations arising from domestic fires left unextinguished at night. The earliest English quotations make no reference to the original sense of the word; the curfew being already in 13th cent. merely a name for the ringing of the evening bell, and the time so marked.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > day and night > day or daytime > evening > [noun] > time of curfew signal

curfewc1320

society > communication > indication > signalling > audible signalling > ringing of bells as signal > [noun] > curfew bell

curfewc1320

curfew-bellc1320

society > law > types of laws > [noun] > restricting movement of inhabitants

pass law1897

curfew1939

1285 Stat. London Stat. I. 102 Apres Coeverfu personé a Seint Martyn le graunt.]

c1320 Seuyn Sag. (W.) 1429 Than was the lawe in Rome toun, That, whether lord or garsoun That after Corfu be founde rominde, Faste men scholden hem nimen and binde.

14.. in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 588/40 Ignitegium, keuerfve.

c1405 [see Compounds 1].

c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 110/2 Curfu, ignitegium.

1495 in R. Arnold Chron. (c1503) f. xxxij/2 Yf ther bee any parishe clarke y^t Ringyth Curfew after the curfue be ronge at bowe chirche.

?a1500 Leges Quatuor Burgorum lxxxi, in Acts Parl. Scotl. (1844) I. 349/2 [He] sal gang til his wache wyth tua wapnys at þe ryngyng of þe courfeu.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 210/1 Courfewe, a ryngyng of belles towarde evenyng.

1561 Iniunctions Bishop of Norwich sig. A.ii^v If they doo ring at the buriall of the deade, noone or curpheue.

1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Piv^v/1 Curfle, operitio ignis.

1570 Burgh Rec. Peebles 324 (Sc. Burgh Rec. Soc.) To regne xij houris, vj houris, and courfyre nychtlie.

1608 Merry Devil Edm. in W. C. Hazlitt Dodsley's Sel. Coll. Old Eng. Plays (1875) X. 251 Well, 'tis nine o'clock, 'tis time to ring curfew.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) v. i. 40.

1645 J. Milton Il Penseroso in Poems 40 Oft on a Plat of rising ground, I hear the far-off Curfeu sound.

1751 T. Gray Elegy i. 5 The Curfeu tolls the knell of parting day.

1823 W. Cobbett Rural Rides in Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 13 Sept. 653 I got to this place about half an hour after the ringing of the eight o'clock bell, or Curfew.

1850 C. Lyell 2nd Visit U.S. (ed. 2) II. 43 Every evening, at nine o'clock, a great bell, or curfew, tolls in the market-place of Montgomery, after which no coloured man is permitted to be abroad without a pass.

1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xiv. [Oxen of the Sun] 400 When the curfew rings for you.

1929 D. H. Lawrence Pansies 103 The curfew of our great day..the tocsin of this our civilisation.

1939 Punch 18 Oct. 435/1 The attempt..to get a nine o'clock curfew imposed on members of the Women's Land Army in training..to prevent them going out with soldiers.

1964 Ann. Reg. 1963 309 The new Prime Minister..imposed a dusk-to-dawn curfew in Jerusalem.

1970 D. Stuart Very Sheltered Life 70 There was an immediate curfew. Everyone had to be off the streets.

†c. Applied also to the ringing of a bell at a fixed hour in the morning. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > instruments for measuring time > signal marking the time > [noun] > bell, gun, etc. > ringing bell in morning

curfew1597

1597 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet iv. iv. 4 Make hast, make hast..The Curfewe bell hath rung, t'is foure a clocke.

1673 in L'pool Munic. Rec. (1883) I. 342 Ring Curphew all the yeare long at 4 a clock in the morning and eight at a night.

1704 in L'pool Munic. Rec. II. 83 Ringing Curfew Bell at four of y^e clock in y^e morning, and eight at night.

2. A cover for a fire; a fire-plate, a cover-fire.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > that which or one who heats > [noun] > a device for heating or warming > devices for heating buildings, rooms, etc. > hearth or fireplace > device to cover and preserve fire

curfewa1626

cover-fire1715

a1626 F. Bacon Physiol. Remains in Baconiana (1679) 95 For Pans, Pots, Curfues, Counters, and the like.

1779 Gentleman's Mag. 49 406 He had gotten a piece of household furniture of copper, which he was pleased to call a curfew..F. G...has described it as a curfew, from its use of suddenly putting out a fire.

1837 Penny Cycl. VIII. 234/1 An iron implement which is called a curfew, or cover-fire.

Compounds

C1. attributive and in other combinations, as curfew-knoll, curfew-law, curfew-note, curfew-order, curfew-time.

ΚΠ

c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Miller's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 459 The dede sleep..Fil on this Carpenter..Aboute corfew tyme [v.r. corfeu, curfewe].

1778 W. Pearce Haunts of Shakespeare 12 At curfew-time lull'd by the lone village bell.

1814 W. Wordsworth Excursion viii. 367 The Curfew-knoll That spake the Norman Conqueror's stern behest.

1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian ii, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. III. 38 That sleep should have visited his eyes, after such a curfew-note, was impossible.

1897 J. Bryce Impressions S. Afr. xxi. 447 Cape Colony has a so-called ‘curfew law’, requiring natives who are out of doors after dark to be provided with a pass.

1931 Daily Express 16 Oct. 11/3 The curfew order of the university is that no cars may be used after nine without leave.

C2.

curfew-bell n. see sense 1. Also figurative.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > instruments for measuring time > signal marking the time > [noun] > bell, gun, etc. > curfew-bell

curfew-bellc1320

society > communication > indication > signalling > audible signalling > ringing of bells as signal > [noun] > curfew bell

curfewc1320

curfew-bellc1320

c1320 Seuyn Sag. (W.) 1497 Corfour belle ringge gan.

1509 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 112 I gyve toward y^e ryngers charge off the gret belle in Seynt Mary Chirche, callyd corfew belle.

1597 Bp. J. Hall Virgidemiarum: 1st 3 Bks. iii. iv. 59 But a newe rope, to ring the Couure-feu Bell.

a1649 W. Drummond Wks. (1711) 187 That there shall be Cover-feu Bells rung..after the Ringing of which no Man shall be found upon the Streets.

1702 C. Mather Magnalia Christi iii. iii. i. 181/2 He..would ring aloud Courfeu-Bell, wherever he saw the Fires of Animosity.

1839 T. Keightley Hist. Eng. (new ed.) I. 103 A law of police which directed all fires to be put out at the tolling of a bell called Curfew bell, is by later chroniclers ascribed to Wm. the Conqueror, but without any countenance from the early writers.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	curfew
释义	curfewn. Brit. /ˈkəːfjuː/, U.S. /ˈkərˌfju/ Forms: α. (Middle English coeverfu), Middle English corfu, corfeu, keverfue, Middle English–1600s corfew, curfewe, Middle English curfu, Middle English–1500s courfeu(e, curpheue, 1500s–1600s curfue, 1600s curphew, 1700s corfeu, corfue, corphew, curfeu, Middle English– curfew; β. Middle English corfour, Middle English–1500s curfur, 1500s courfyre, curfoyr, 1600s curfure, curphour; 1500s curfle. Also (etymological restorations) 1600s couvrefeu, coverfeu, coverfew. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman coeverfu, = Old French cuevre-fu, quevre-feu, covre-feu (13th cent.), < couvre, imperative of couvrir to cover + feu fire: compare the medieval Latin names ignitegium, pyritegium, < tegĕre to cover. The corrupt forms in -four, -fur, etc. appear to be of phonetic origin, though in some cases associated with fire.The statement that the curfew was introduced into England by William the Conqueror as a measure of political repression has been current since the 16th century, but rests on no early historical evidence. See Freeman Norm. Conq. (1875) III. 185 as to what ‘seems to be the origin of the famous and misrepresented curfew’.1569 R. Grafton Chron. II. 9 He caused a Bell to be rong in euery towne..at .viij. of the clocke..which..is called in the Norman language, Couer le feu, which we now corruptly call Curfur.1647 N. Bacon Hist. Disc. Govt. 163 Its affirmed that the Normans did impose a new custome called Coverfeu.a1763 W. Shenstone Elegies xv, in Wks. Verse & Prose (1764) I. 35 So droop'd, I ween, each Briton's breast of old When the dull curfew spoke their freedom fled.1769 W. Blackstone Comm. Laws Eng. IV. 412. 1. Categories » a. A regulation in force in medieval Europe by which at a fixed hour in the evening, indicated by the ringing of a bell, fires were to be covered over or extinguished; also, the hour of evening when this signal was given, and the bell rung for the purpose. Also transferred and figurative. b. Hence, the practice of ringing a bell at a fixed hour in the evening, usually eight or nine o'clock, continued after the original purpose was obsolete, and often used as a signal in connection with various municipal or communal regulations; the practice of ringing the evening bell still survives in some places. In extended use: a restriction imposed upon the movements of the inhabitants of an area for a specified period.The primary purpose of the curfew appears to have been the prevention of conflagrations arising from domestic fires left unextinguished at night. The earliest English quotations make no reference to the original sense of the word; the curfew being already in 13th cent. merely a name for the ringing of the evening bell, and the time so marked. ΘΚΠ the world > time > day and night > day or daytime > evening > [noun] > time of curfew signal curfewc1320 society > communication > indication > signalling > audible signalling > ringing of bells as signal > [noun] > curfew bell curfewc1320 curfew-bellc1320 society > law > types of laws > [noun] > restricting movement of inhabitants pass law1897 curfew1939 1285 Stat. London Stat. I. 102 Apres Coeverfu personé a Seint Martyn le graunt.] c1320 Seuyn Sag. (W.) 1429 Than was the lawe in Rome toun, That, whether lord or garsoun That after Corfu be founde rominde, Faste men scholden hem nimen and binde. 14.. in T. Wright & R. P. Wülcker Anglo-Saxon & Old Eng. Vocab. (1884) I. 588/40 Ignitegium, keuerfve. c1405 [see Compounds 1]. c1440 Promptorium Parvulorum 110/2 Curfu, ignitegium. 1495 in R. Arnold Chron. (c1503) f. xxxij/2 Yf ther bee any parishe clarke y^t Ringyth Curfew after the curfue be ronge at bowe chirche. ?a1500 Leges Quatuor Burgorum lxxxi, in Acts Parl. Scotl. (1844) I. 349/2 [He] sal gang til his wache wyth tua wapnys at þe ryngyng of þe courfeu. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 210/1 Courfewe, a ryngyng of belles towarde evenyng. 1561 Iniunctions Bishop of Norwich sig. A.ii^v If they doo ring at the buriall of the deade, noone or curpheue. 1570 P. Levens Manipulus Vocabulorum sig. Piv^v/1 Curfle, operitio ignis. 1570 Burgh Rec. Peebles 324 (Sc. Burgh Rec. Soc.) To regne xij houris, vj houris, and courfyre nychtlie. 1608 Merry Devil Edm. in W. C. Hazlitt Dodsley's Sel. Coll. Old Eng. Plays (1875) X. 251 Well, 'tis nine o'clock, 'tis time to ring curfew. a1616 W. Shakespeare Tempest (1623) v. i. 40. 1645 J. Milton Il Penseroso in Poems 40 Oft on a Plat of rising ground, I hear the far-off Curfeu sound. 1751 T. Gray Elegy i. 5 The Curfeu tolls the knell of parting day. 1823 W. Cobbett Rural Rides in Cobbett's Weekly Polit. Reg. 13 Sept. 653 I got to this place about half an hour after the ringing of the eight o'clock bell, or Curfew. 1850 C. Lyell 2nd Visit U.S. (ed. 2) II. 43 Every evening, at nine o'clock, a great bell, or curfew, tolls in the market-place of Montgomery, after which no coloured man is permitted to be abroad without a pass. 1922 J. Joyce Ulysses ii. xiv. [Oxen of the Sun] 400 When the curfew rings for you. 1929 D. H. Lawrence Pansies 103 The curfew of our great day..the tocsin of this our civilisation. 1939 Punch 18 Oct. 435/1 The attempt..to get a nine o'clock curfew imposed on members of the Women's Land Army in training..to prevent them going out with soldiers. 1964 Ann. Reg. 1963 309 The new Prime Minister..imposed a dusk-to-dawn curfew in Jerusalem. 1970 D. Stuart Very Sheltered Life 70 There was an immediate curfew. Everyone had to be off the streets. †c. Applied also to the ringing of a bell at a fixed hour in the morning. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > time > instruments for measuring time > signal marking the time > [noun] > bell, gun, etc. > ringing bell in morning curfew1597 1597 W. Shakespeare Romeo & Juliet iv. iv. 4 Make hast, make hast..The Curfewe bell hath rung, t'is foure a clocke. View more context for this quotation 1673 in L'pool Munic. Rec. (1883) I. 342 Ring Curphew all the yeare long at 4 a clock in the morning and eight at a night. 1704 in L'pool Munic. Rec. II. 83 Ringing Curfew Bell at four of y^e clock in y^e morning, and eight at night. 2. A cover for a fire; a fire-plate, a cover-fire. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > heating or making hot > that which or one who heats > [noun] > a device for heating or warming > devices for heating buildings, rooms, etc. > hearth or fireplace > device to cover and preserve fire curfewa1626 cover-fire1715 a1626 F. Bacon Physiol. Remains in Baconiana (1679) 95 For Pans, Pots, Curfues, Counters, and the like. 1779 Gentleman's Mag. 49 406 He had gotten a piece of household furniture of copper, which he was pleased to call a curfew..F. G...has described it as a curfew, from its use of suddenly putting out a fire. 1837 Penny Cycl. VIII. 234/1 An iron implement which is called a curfew, or cover-fire. Compounds C1. attributive and in other combinations, as curfew-knoll, curfew-law, curfew-note, curfew-order, curfew-time. ΚΠ c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Miller's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 459 The dede sleep..Fil on this Carpenter..Aboute corfew tyme [v.r. corfeu, curfewe]. 1778 W. Pearce Haunts of Shakespeare 12 At curfew-time lull'd by the lone village bell. 1814 W. Wordsworth Excursion viii. 367 The Curfew-knoll That spake the Norman Conqueror's stern behest. View more context for this quotation 1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian ii, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. III. 38 That sleep should have visited his eyes, after such a curfew-note, was impossible. 1897 J. Bryce Impressions S. Afr. xxi. 447 Cape Colony has a so-called ‘curfew law’, requiring natives who are out of doors after dark to be provided with a pass. 1931 Daily Express 16 Oct. 11/3 The curfew order of the university is that no cars may be used after nine without leave. C2. curfew-bell n. see sense 1. Also figurative. ΘΚΠ the world > time > instruments for measuring time > signal marking the time > [noun] > bell, gun, etc. > curfew-bell curfew-bellc1320 society > communication > indication > signalling > audible signalling > ringing of bells as signal > [noun] > curfew bell curfewc1320 curfew-bellc1320 c1320 Seuyn Sag. (W.) 1497 Corfour belle ringge gan. 1509 in S. Tymms Wills & Inventories Bury St. Edmunds (1850) 112 I gyve toward y^e ryngers charge off the gret belle in Seynt Mary Chirche, callyd corfew belle. 1597 Bp. J. Hall Virgidemiarum: 1st 3 Bks. iii. iv. 59 But a newe rope, to ring the Couure-feu Bell. a1649 W. Drummond Wks. (1711) 187 That there shall be Cover-feu Bells rung..after the Ringing of which no Man shall be found upon the Streets. 1702 C. Mather Magnalia Christi iii. iii. i. 181/2 He..would ring aloud Courfeu-Bell, wherever he saw the Fires of Animosity. 1839 T. Keightley Hist. Eng. (new ed.) I. 103 A law of police which directed all fires to be put out at the tolling of a bell called Curfew bell, is by later chroniclers ascribed to Wm. the Conqueror, but without any countenance from the early writers. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1320
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