cyaniden.

Brit.

/ˈsʌɪənʌɪd/, U.S.

/ˈsaɪəˌnaɪd/

Etymology: < cyan- comb. form 2 + -ide suffix.

Chemistry.

A simple compound of cyanogen with a metal or an organic radical, as potassium cyanide (KCy), an extremely poisonous crystalline solid.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > poison > [noun] > poisonous chemicals

mercury sublimy?1540

sublimate1543

sublimatum1558

sublimy1558

mercury sublimate1562

corrosive sublimate1664

sweet sublimate1664

supplement1769

Prussian acid1783

oxalic acid1788

prussic acid1788

cyanide1815

cyanuret1827

nitrobenzide1835

nitrobenzol1848

pyridine1851

nitrobenzene1852

isonitrile1871

iso-cyanide1877

1815 W. Henry Elements Exper. Chem. (ed. 7) I. i. xi. 328 I shall, from analogy, give to the compounds of cyanogen the name of cyanides.

c1865 G. Gore in J. Wylde Circle of Sci. I. 226/1 The cyanide produced by the fusion of the ferro-cyanide of potassium alone..is termed ‘black cyanide’.

Compounds

General attributive.

cyanide gauze n. a gauze rendered antiseptic by impregnation with a cyanide, used in dressing wounds.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > equipment for treating wound or ulcer > [noun] > gauze or oiled silk, etc.

cering-cloth1480

cered cloth1541

cerecloth1547

protective1827

oxycellulose1882

cyanide gauze1895

tulle gras1933

fibrin film1944

1895 Catal. Surg. Instruments (Arnold & Sons) 726 Double Zinc-Cyanide Gauze.

1913 A. Bennett Regent ii. §4 He did nothing but cover up the place with a bit of cyanide gauze.

1925 R. W. G. Hingston in E. F. Norton et al. Fight for Everest: 1924 iii. vi. 350 The following equipment is required:..Cyanide gauze, 2 lb.

cyanide hardening n. case-hardening of iron or steel by the cyanide process.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > hardening, tempering, or annealing > hardening by cyanide process

cyanide process1890

cyaniding1894

cyanide hardening1921

1921 Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. 103 435 Cyanide Hardening Due to Nitrogen... Steel case-hardened in cyanide contains much nitrogenised material, and nitrogen is believed to exert an appreciable influence on the properties of steel so treated.

1928 Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. 118 365 General practice in cyanide hardening is discussed, and reference is made to the Shimer process for case hardening and the cyanogen gas process.

cyanide process n. (a) a method of extracting gold and silver from ores by treatment with a dilute solution of sodium or calcium cyanide (or, formerly, potassium cyanide); (b) the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen by chemical reaction at high temperatures so as to form alkali cyanides or other cyanogen derivatives; (c) a process for case-hardening iron or steel by immersing it in molten cyanide and then quenching it in water or oil.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [noun] > chemical reactions or processes (named) > industrial processes > cyanide process

cyanide process1890

cyanization1926

cyanizing1926

society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > extraction from ore > extraction of silver or gold

cyanide process1890

cyaniding1894

cyanidation1896

society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > hardening, tempering, or annealing > hardening by cyanide process

cyanide process1890

cyaniding1894

cyanide hardening1921

1890 J. S. MacArthur in Jrnl. Soc. Chem. Industry 31 Mar. 270/1 By the cyanide process, ores containing lead, zinc, or earthy carbonates which cannot be worked to profit by chlorination, may be as..profitably treated as any other.

1895 M. Eissler (title) The Cyanide Process for the Extraction of Gold.

1926 E. Fyleman tr. B. Waeser Atmospheric Nitrogen Industry 486 (heading) The cyanide processes.

1940 R. H. Heyer Engin. Physical Metall. x. 341 The speed, low cost,..and cleanliness of the hardened surface make the cyanide process readily adaptable to production heat treatment.

1945 D. M. Liddell Handbk. Non-ferrous Metall. (ed. 2) II. xi. 294 Outside of smelting and refining, the present-day metallurgy of gold and silver may be summarized under three heads: mechanical methods.., amalgamation, and the cyanide process.

1959 Chambers's Encycl. VI. 413/2 The cyanide process was developed by J. S. Macarthur and R. W. and W. Forrest of Glasgow and used at Johannesburg in 1890.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

cyanidev.

Etymology: < cyanide n.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈcyanide.

Metallurgy.

transitive. To treat with a cyanide.

a. To treat (ores of gold or silver) with a dilute cyanide solution as part of the cyanide process for extracting the metal.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > work with metal [verb (transitive)] > extract from ore > extract or turn into silver or gold

aurify1652

cyanide1896

1896 Daily News 10 Dec. 2/7 2,666 tons cyanided, producing 352 ozs.

1959 J. Newton Extractive Metall. vii. 431 Flotation may be used to produce concentrates that can be cyanided or amalgamated.

1965 G. J. Williams Econ. Geol. N.Z. viii. 109/2 In the late 1890's interest revived in the hope that the ore could be cyanided.

b. To immerse (iron or steel) in molten cyanide in order to case-harden it.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > work with metal [verb (transitive)] > harden, temper, or anneal > in specific way

case-harden1665

chill1831

box-annealc1887

pot anneal1928

work-harden1928

quench-harden1934

solution-treat1940

shot-peen1944

marquench1947

martemper1947

marage1962

cyanide1966

1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. (rev. ed.) XIII. 313/2 Both carburizing steels and medium carbon steels..are often cyanided.

Derivatives

ˈcyanided adj.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > iron > [adjective] > hardened

case-hardened1683

cyanided1921

society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > steel > [adjective] > hardened

oil-tempered?1440

well-tempered1566

tempered1663

Harveyized1892

Harveyed1894

cyanided1921

martempered1953

1921 Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. 103 435 After annealing the cyanided bar is still hard to file.

ˈcyanider n.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > workers with specific materials > metalworker > [noun] > refiner or smelter > using specific process

roaster1440

cyanider1900

1900 J. Park Cyanide Process 124 The many worries which the use of cyanide entails on even the successful cyanider.

ˈcyaniding n.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > extraction from ore > extraction of silver or gold

cyanide process1890

cyaniding1894

cyanidation1896

society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > hardening, tempering, or annealing > hardening by cyanide process

cyanide process1890

cyaniding1894

cyanide hardening1921

1894 N. Brit. Daily Mail 30 July 5 Cyaniding syndicates.

1895 M. Eissler Cyanide Process 39 The cost of cyaniding was as follows.

1900 J. Park Cyanide Process vi. 75 Roasting previous to Cyaniding.

1940 R. H. Heyer Engin. Physical Metall. x. 348 In certain carburizing and cyaniding processes nitrogen is introduced into the steel in addition to the carbon.

1945 D. M. Liddell Handbk. Non-ferrous Metall. (ed. 2) II. xi. 294 Chlorination of gold and hyposulphite leaching of silver ores were practically superseded by cyaniding by the year 1900.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online September 2021).

单词	cyanide
释义	cyaniden. Brit. /ˈsʌɪənʌɪd/, U.S. /ˈsaɪəˌnaɪd/ Etymology: < cyan- comb. form 2 + -ide suffix. Chemistry. A simple compound of cyanogen with a metal or an organic radical, as potassium cyanide (KCy), an extremely poisonous crystalline solid. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > poison > [noun] > poisonous chemicals mercury sublimy?1540 sublimate1543 sublimatum1558 sublimy1558 mercury sublimate1562 corrosive sublimate1664 sweet sublimate1664 supplement1769 Prussian acid1783 oxalic acid1788 prussic acid1788 cyanide1815 cyanuret1827 nitrobenzide1835 nitrobenzol1848 pyridine1851 nitrobenzene1852 isonitrile1871 iso-cyanide1877 1815 W. Henry Elements Exper. Chem. (ed. 7) I. i. xi. 328 I shall, from analogy, give to the compounds of cyanogen the name of cyanides. c1865 G. Gore in J. Wylde Circle of Sci. I. 226/1 The cyanide produced by the fusion of the ferro-cyanide of potassium alone..is termed ‘black cyanide’. Compounds General attributive. cyanide gauze n. a gauze rendered antiseptic by impregnation with a cyanide, used in dressing wounds. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > medical appliances or equipment > equipment for treating wound or ulcer > [noun] > gauze or oiled silk, etc. cering-cloth1480 cered cloth1541 cerecloth1547 protective1827 oxycellulose1882 cyanide gauze1895 tulle gras1933 fibrin film1944 1895 Catal. Surg. Instruments (Arnold & Sons) 726 Double Zinc-Cyanide Gauze. 1913 A. Bennett Regent ii. §4 He did nothing but cover up the place with a bit of cyanide gauze. 1925 R. W. G. Hingston in E. F. Norton et al. Fight for Everest: 1924 iii. vi. 350 The following equipment is required:..Cyanide gauze, 2 lb. cyanide hardening n. case-hardening of iron or steel by the cyanide process. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > hardening, tempering, or annealing > hardening by cyanide process cyanide process1890 cyaniding1894 cyanide hardening1921 1921 Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. 103 435 Cyanide Hardening Due to Nitrogen... Steel case-hardened in cyanide contains much nitrogenised material, and nitrogen is believed to exert an appreciable influence on the properties of steel so treated. 1928 Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. 118 365 General practice in cyanide hardening is discussed, and reference is made to the Shimer process for case hardening and the cyanogen gas process. cyanide process n. (a) a method of extracting gold and silver from ores by treatment with a dilute solution of sodium or calcium cyanide (or, formerly, potassium cyanide); (b) the fixation of atmospheric nitrogen by chemical reaction at high temperatures so as to form alkali cyanides or other cyanogen derivatives; (c) a process for case-hardening iron or steel by immersing it in molten cyanide and then quenching it in water or oil. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > chemistry > chemical reactions or processes > [noun] > chemical reactions or processes (named) > industrial processes > cyanide process cyanide process1890 cyanization1926 cyanizing1926 society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > extraction from ore > extraction of silver or gold cyanide process1890 cyaniding1894 cyanidation1896 society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > hardening, tempering, or annealing > hardening by cyanide process cyanide process1890 cyaniding1894 cyanide hardening1921 1890 J. S. MacArthur in Jrnl. Soc. Chem. Industry 31 Mar. 270/1 By the cyanide process, ores containing lead, zinc, or earthy carbonates which cannot be worked to profit by chlorination, may be as..profitably treated as any other. 1895 M. Eissler (title) The Cyanide Process for the Extraction of Gold. 1926 E. Fyleman tr. B. Waeser Atmospheric Nitrogen Industry 486 (heading) The cyanide processes. 1940 R. H. Heyer Engin. Physical Metall. x. 341 The speed, low cost,..and cleanliness of the hardened surface make the cyanide process readily adaptable to production heat treatment. 1945 D. M. Liddell Handbk. Non-ferrous Metall. (ed. 2) II. xi. 294 Outside of smelting and refining, the present-day metallurgy of gold and silver may be summarized under three heads: mechanical methods.., amalgamation, and the cyanide process. 1959 Chambers's Encycl. VI. 413/2 The cyanide process was developed by J. S. Macarthur and R. W. and W. Forrest of Glasgow and used at Johannesburg in 1890. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1893; most recently modified version published online March 2022). cyanidev. Etymology: < cyanide n.Previous versions of the OED give the stress as: ˈcyanide. Metallurgy. transitive. To treat with a cyanide. a. To treat (ores of gold or silver) with a dilute cyanide solution as part of the cyanide process for extracting the metal. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > work with metal [verb (transitive)] > extract from ore > extract or turn into silver or gold aurify1652 cyanide1896 1896 Daily News 10 Dec. 2/7 2,666 tons cyanided, producing 352 ozs. 1959 J. Newton Extractive Metall. vii. 431 Flotation may be used to produce concentrates that can be cyanided or amalgamated. 1965 G. J. Williams Econ. Geol. N.Z. viii. 109/2 In the late 1890's interest revived in the hope that the ore could be cyanided. b. To immerse (iron or steel) in molten cyanide in order to case-harden it. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > work with metal [verb (transitive)] > harden, temper, or anneal > in specific way case-harden1665 chill1831 box-annealc1887 pot anneal1928 work-harden1928 quench-harden1934 solution-treat1940 shot-peen1944 marquench1947 martemper1947 marage1962 cyanide1966 1966 McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. (rev. ed.) XIII. 313/2 Both carburizing steels and medium carbon steels..are often cyanided. Derivatives ˈcyanided adj. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > iron > [adjective] > hardened case-hardened1683 cyanided1921 society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > metal > steel > [adjective] > hardened oil-tempered?1440 well-tempered1566 tempered1663 Harveyized1892 Harveyed1894 cyanided1921 martempered1953 1921 Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. 103 435 After annealing the cyanided bar is still hard to file. ˈcyanider n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > workers according to type of work > manual or industrial worker > workers with specific materials > metalworker > [noun] > refiner or smelter > using specific process roaster1440 cyanider1900 1900 J. Park Cyanide Process 124 The many worries which the use of cyanide entails on even the successful cyanider. ˈcyaniding n. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > extraction from ore > extraction of silver or gold cyanide process1890 cyaniding1894 cyanidation1896 society > occupation and work > industry > working with specific materials > working with metal > [noun] > hardening, tempering, or annealing > hardening by cyanide process cyanide process1890 cyaniding1894 cyanide hardening1921 1894 N. Brit. Daily Mail 30 July 5 Cyaniding syndicates. 1895 M. Eissler Cyanide Process 39 The cost of cyaniding was as follows. 1900 J. Park Cyanide Process vi. 75 Roasting previous to Cyaniding. 1940 R. H. Heyer Engin. Physical Metall. x. 348 In certain carburizing and cyaniding processes nitrogen is introduced into the steel in addition to the carbon. 1945 D. M. Liddell Handbk. Non-ferrous Metall. (ed. 2) II. xi. 294 Chlorination of gold and hyposulphite leaching of silver ores were practically superseded by cyaniding by the year 1900. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1933; most recently modified version published online September 2021). < n.1815v.1894
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