| 释义 |
daughtern. Forms: 1. Singular. α. early Old English deahter (dative), early Old English ðoehter (Mercian, genitive, transmission error), Old English dæhter (dative, rare), Old English dehtre (dative, rare), Old English dochtor (rare), Old English doehter (non-West Saxon, dative and genitive), Old English dogter (Mercian), Old English dohtar (rare), Old English dohtran (dative, rare), Old English dohtur, Old English (dative and genitive)–early Middle English (dative) dehter, Old English (rare)–early Middle English docter, Old English–early Middle English dohtor, Old English (rare)–Middle English dochter, Old English–Middle English dohter, late Old English dohtres (genitive), early Middle English dohhterr ( Ormulum), early Middle English dohtre, Middle English docctor, Middle English dochtir, Middle English dochtter, Middle English dochtyr, Middle English dogghter, Middle English dogheter (northern), Middle English doghetir (northern), Middle English doghtere, Middle English doghtire, Middle English doghtiree, Middle English doghtor, Middle English doghtour, Middle English doghtre, Middle English doghtter, Middle English doghttyr, Middle English doghtur, Middle English doghtyr, Middle English doghtyre, Middle English dogter, Middle English dogthire, Middle English doȝhter, Middle English doȝter, Middle English doȝtere, Middle English doȝtir, Middle English doȝttur, Middle English doȝtur, Middle English dohuter, Middle English dohutir, Middle English dohutyr, Middle English dohuyir (northern), Middle English doster (perhaps transmission error), Middle English dothere, Middle English dottyr, Middle English dougher, Middle English doughtir, Middle English doughtre, Middle English doughtur, Middle English doughtyr, Middle English dougter, Middle English dougther, Middle English douȝter, Middle English douȝtere, Middle English douȝtir, Middle English douȝtre, Middle English douȝtter, Middle English douȝttir, Middle English douȝtur, Middle English douȝtyr, Middle English douhter, Middle English douhtur, Middle English douter, Middle English douther, Middle English douthter, Middle English doutir, Middle English doutter, Middle English doutyr, Middle English dowchtyr, Middle English dowctor, Middle English dowghtir, Middle English dowghtire, Middle English dowghtter, Middle English dowghttyr, Middle English dowghtyr, Middle English dowȝghtur, Middle English dowȝhtur, Middle English dowȝter, Middle English dowȝtur, Middle English dowȝtyr, Middle English dowhtr- (inflected form), Middle English dowhtur, Middle English dowtere, Middle English dowtir, Middle English dowtter, Middle English dowttyr, Middle English dowtur, Middle English dowtyr, Middle English doyghter, Middle English doyghtur, Middle English doyghtyre, Middle English dughter (in a late copy), Middle English–1500s doghter, Middle English–1500s doghtir, Middle English–1500s doter, Middle English–1500s douchter, Middle English–1500s doughtour, Middle English–1500s dowghtor, Middle English–1500s dowgter, Middle English–1500s dowhter, Middle English–1500s dowter, Middle English 1600s dofter, Middle English–1600s doughter, Middle English–1600s dowghter, Middle English (1800s Irish English (Wexford)) doughtere, late Middle English þowȝtur, 1500s doffter, 1500s dogthther, 1500s doȝther, 1500s doteter, 1500s doughtier, 1500s dovtar, 1500s dowȝhter, 1500s dowgther, 1500s doythur, 1600s dowgthyr; English regional 1800s dochter (Northumberland), 1800s dother (northern), 1800s dowtter, 1800s– dohter, 1800s– doughter, 1800s– douter, 1800s– dowter, 1800s– dowther (northern), 1800s– dowtor; U.S. regional 1900s– dorter; Scottish pre-1700 docher, pre-1700 dochir, pre-1700 dochtar, pre-1700 dochteyr, pre-1700 dochther, pre-1700 dochthir, pre-1700 dochtir, pre-1700 dochtire, pre-1700 dochtour, pre-1700 dochtre, pre-1700 dochtter, pre-1700 dochttir, pre-1700 dochttyr, pre-1700 dochtyr, pre-1700 dochtyre, pre-1700 docther, pre-1700 docthyr, pre-1700 doctir, pre-1700 doghtar, pre-1700 doghtier, pre-1700 doghtir, pre-1700 doȝter, pre-1700 dohter, pre-1700 dohtter, pre-1700 doichtar, pre-1700 doichtare, pre-1700 doichter, pre-1700 doichtir, pre-1700 doichtor, pre-1700 doithar, pre-1700 doither, pre-1700 dothir, pre-1700 douchter, pre-1700 douchtere, pre-1700 douchtir, pre-1700 douchtire, pre-1700 douchtre, pre-1700 douchtyr, pre-1700 douchtyre, pre-1700 doucther, pre-1700 douctyr, pre-1700 doughtir, pre-1700 doughtre, pre-1700 dougter, pre-1700 douhter, pre-1700 douther, pre-1700 douthir, pre-1700 douthtyre, pre-1700 dowchter, pre-1700 dowchtir, pre-1700 dowchtre, pre-1700 dowchtter, pre-1700 dowchtyr, pre-1700 dowchtyre, pre-1700 dowghter, pre-1700 dowghtter, pre-1700 dowhtyr, pre-1700 dowther, pre-1700 dowthir, pre-1700 doychter, pre-1700 doychtir, pre-1700 1700s doghter, pre-1700 1700s– dochter, pre-1700 1800s doughter, pre-1700 (1800s– northern) dother, 1900s– dotheer (northern). OE West Saxon Gospels: Matt. (Corpus Cambr.) x. 37 Se þe lufað sunu oððe dohtor [OE Bodl. 441 dohtur, c1200 Hatton dohter] swyþur þonne me nys he me wyrþe.OE Poenitentiale Pseudo-Egberti (Laud) iv. ix. 51 Gif hwylc man reafað oðerne æt his dehter, bete wið þa freond.c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 128 Ne sune child. ne dohhterr. ▸ c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. ix. 22 Douȝter, haue thou trust.?1483 W. Caxton tr. Caton ii. sig. eviiiv Yf a doughter drynke of the water..yf she be a mayde she shal crye.1541 R. Whitford Dyuers Holy Instrucyons & Teachynges f. 12v Pacience is ye doghter of humilite, or mekenes.1629 Maxwell Mem. II. 202 And my..dochtir at the punt of daithe.1790 R. Burns in J. Johnson Scots Musical Museum III. 298 Wi' a meikle hazel rung She made her a weel pay'd dochter.1863 Tyneside Songs 24 For he a dowter had.c1920 A. Robb Memories of Mormondside (MS) in Sc. National Dict. (1965) VI. at Owerfa She was gaun ower to bide wi' her dother.2001 J. Paisley Not for Glory 95 Her dochter was in London. β. Middle English dauȝter, Middle English dauȝtyr, Middle English dautyr, Middle English– daughter, 1500s dawter, 1500s–1600s daugter, 1500s–1600s daugther, 1500s–1600s dauther, 1500s–1600s davghter, 1500s–1600s dawghter, 1500s–1700s dafter, 1600s dahter, 1600s daugfter, 1600s daughtor, 1600s dauter, 1700s– darter (regional); English regional 1600s–1800s dafter, 1600s–1800s dater, 1700s– daater, 1800s da'ater, 1800s– da'ter, 1800s– datter; U.S. regional 1800s da'ter, 1800s dafter, 1800s dairter, 1800s dater, 1800s– darter, 1900s– daa'tuh (southern, in African-American usage), 1900s– datter; Scottish pre-1700 dachtir, pre-1700 dauchter, pre-1700 dauchtir, pre-1700 1700s– daughter, pre-1700 1900s– dachter, 1700s dauther (northern), 1700s–1800s dather, 1800s daachter; Irish English 1700s daufter. c1300 St. Mary Magdalen (Laud) l. 623 in C. Horstmann Early S.-Eng. Legendary (1887) 480 Marie turnede, of wordes freo and of vilenie quijt and sker, And seide, ‘fader, ȝwy woltþou þi dauȝter fleo?’c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. iv. l. 371 Who so wol haue to wyue my worldliche daughter.1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1895) II. 352 Joanna, the Dukes dauchter..[as] Quene of Jngland, al man in publick renunced.1663 Will M. Smith 28 Mar. in G. F. Dow Probate Rec. Essex County, Mass. (1916) I. 412 My great Cobber I giue to my dafter Eboren.1768 A. Ross Fortunate Shepherdess iii. 123 She's fashen up, an' ta'en For Dick's ae dather, now by ilka ane.1836 C. Dickens Pickwick Papers (1837) viii. 78 My da'ater!1900 W. MacGillivray Glengoyne II. i. 23 Her neat canty body o' a dachter.2002 Salina (Kansas) Jrnl. 21 Apr. b7/6 My daughter said I was going to get attached to the little bugger. 2. Plural. α. early Old English dohtur (Mercian), early Old English ðohtur (Mercian, transmission error), Old English doctra (rare), Old English dohtero (Northumbrian), Old English dohtor, Old English dohtora (rare), Old English dohtra, Old English dohtru, Old English (rare) early Middle English dohter, late Old English dohtore (Kentish), late Old English dohtre (Kentish), early Middle English dohtere (south-west midlands), early Middle English dohtre (south-western), Middle English doghter (north-west midlands, in a late copy), Middle English doghtur (north-west midlands, in a late copy). OE West Saxon Gospels: Luke (Corpus Cambr.) xxiii. 28 Eala dohtra Hierusalem [OE Lindisf. dohtero, OE Rushw. dohter, c1200 Hatton dohter].OE King Ælfred tr. Psalms (Paris) (2001) xliv. 10 Cynincga dohtor [L. filiae regum] þa þær wuniað.OE Paris Psalter (1932) cxliii. 15 Wærun heora dohtru [L. filiae eorum] deore gesette.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1963) 1351 His dohter nomen hercna nu.c1275 (?a1200) Laȝamon Brut (Calig.) (1978) l. 12231 Comen..þere hehere monnen dohtere.c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 98 Þe kyngys doghter beden drogh in hom alofte.c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 170 His wale doghtur And his noble sonnes. β. late Old English–Middle English dohtren, Middle English dochtren, Middle English doghtren, Middle English doȝtren, Middle English dohteren, Middle English dougȝtren, Middle English doughteren, Middle English doughteryn, Middle English doughtryn, Middle English douȝhtren, Middle English douȝtren, Middle English douȝttren, Middle English douhtren, Middle English dowghtren, Middle English dowȝteryn, Middle English dowhtren, Middle English–1500s doughtren. lOE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 2nd Ser. (Vesp. D.xiv) in R. D.-N. Warner Early Eng. Homilies (1917) 123 Him wæren acænnede seofon sunen & þreo dohtren [OE Cambr. Gg.3.28 dohtra].a1225 ( Ælfric's Homily De Initio Creaturae (Vesp. A.xxii) in R. Morris Old Eng. Homilies (1868) 1st Ser. 225 Ȝedeir sunen and dochtren [OE Royal dohtru].c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 10490 Hor wiues & hor doȝtren.c1390 Castle of Love (Vernon) (1967) 289 Foure douhtren hedde þe kyng.c1400 Brut (Rawl. B. 171) 18 Þo ij eldest doughtren wolde nouȝt abide til þat Leir here fader were dede.a1413 (c1385) G. Chaucer Troilus & Criseyde (Pierpont Morgan) (1882) iv. l. 22 O ye herynes nyghttes doughtren thre.a1500 (?c1425) Speculum Sacerdotale (1936) 246 An neiȝeboure..was fallen to so grete pouerte..that he cowþe noȝt make no cheuysaunce for..his douȝtren.?1560 Brefe Worke Phelosopher Pictagoras sig. A.vii Thou shalt haue children and the most part Doughtren. γ. early Middle English dohhtress ( Ormulum), Middle English dochtres, Middle English dochtyres, Middle English doghteres, Middle English doghters, Middle English doghterys, Middle English doghtres, Middle English doghtrys, Middle English doghtterys, Middle English doghturs, Middle English doghtyrs, Middle English dogters, Middle English dogtres, Middle English doȝteres, Middle English doȝterez, Middle English doȝtres, Middle English doȝtris, Middle English dohteris, Middle English dohtres, Middle English dohutris, Middle English dohutyrs, Middle English dothtres, Middle English doughteres, Middle English doughteris, Middle English doughterys, Middle English doughtrez, Middle English doughtris, Middle English doughturs, Middle English douȝteres, Middle English douȝteris, Middle English douȝters, Middle English douȝtris, Middle English douȝtters, Middle English douȝttris, Middle English douȝturs, Middle English douhters, Middle English douhtres, Middle English douteres, Middle English douteries, Middle English douteris, Middle English douters, Middle English douthers, Middle English doutres, Middle English dowghthirs, Middle English dowghturs, Middle English dowȝteres, Middle English dowȝtris, Middle English dowhters, Middle English dowteres, Middle English dowterres, Middle English dowters, Middle English dowterys, Middle English dowthtres, Middle English dowtres, Middle English dowtrys, Middle English doyghters, Middle English–1500s doughtirs, Middle English–1500s doughtres, Middle English–1500s dowghters, Middle English–1600s doughters, 1500s doughtours; English regional 1700s–1800s dowters, 1800s dorthers (northern), 1800s doters, 1800s dowtors; Scottish pre-1700 dochtaris, pre-1700 dochteris, pre-1700 dochterris, pre-1700 dochtrys, pre-1700 doichteris, pre-1700 doichters, pre-1700 doitharis, pre-1700 douchteris, pre-1700 douchtrys, pre-1700 1700s– dochters, 1900s– dothers (northern), 1900s– douchters (northern). c1175 Ormulum (Burchfield transcript) l. 6383 Þa susstress..Werenn labaness dohhtress.a1325 (c1250) Gen. & Exod. (1968) l. 1094 Loth and his dogtres two.c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Nun's Priest's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 555 Eek hire doghtres [c1415 Corpus Oxf. doughtres, c1415 Lansd. dowhters, c1425 Petworth douȝters, c1430 Cambr. Gg.4.27 doughteryn] two.1535 Bible (Coverdale) Acts ii. B Youre sonnes and youre doughters.c1650 J. Spalding Memorialls Trubles Scotl. & Eng. (1850) I. 27 The Marquess of Huntlie with his ladie and virgyne dochteris in harvest wes in the plewlandis.a1779 D. Graham Coll. Writings (1883) II. 139 He has twa gigglet gilliegaukies o' dochters.1860 J. Phizackerley Song Solomon ii. 2 Me lov amang t'dowters.1985 D. Purves (SCOTS) (title) Lang Tale o Weidae & hir Thrie Dochters. δ. Chiefly west midlands Middle English deghtren, Middle English dehtren, Middle English deuȝtren, Middle English deytron. c1225 (?c1200) Hali Meiðhad (Bodl.) (1940) 254 Þah ha alle beon his sunen & alle hise dehtren.?1316 Short Metrical Chron. (Royal) l. 545 in J. Ritson Anc. Eng. Metrical Romanceës (1802) II. 293 Edward hade..Nine dehtren ant five sones.a1450 St. Edith (Faust.) (1883) l. 1469 Þe bysshop..sayde: ‘deytron, ycham fulle heuy.’a1500 (?a1390) J. Mirk Festial (Gough) (1905) 94 And so ȝede forth to hys vncull,..and wedde hys two deghtren. ε. Chiefly north-west midlands Middle English deghteres, Middle English deghtyrs, Middle English deȝteres, Middle English deȝtters; N.E.D. (1894) also records a form Middle English deghtres. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Vesp.) l. 9623 Sir, o þi deghteres am I an.c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 933 His wyf and his wlonk deȝteres.c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 899 Þy wyf and þy wyȝez and þy wlonc deȝtters. ζ. north-west midlands Middle English deghter, Middle English deȝter, Middle English deȝtter, 1500s deigther. c1400 (?c1380) Cleanness (1920) l. 939 Loth and his lef, his luflyche deȝter.c1540 (?a1400) Gest Historiale Destr. Troy (2002) f. 25 Sonnes..ffyue..And þre deghter.1595 Will of Margaret Astley in Of Good & Perfect Remembrance: Bolton Wills & Inventories (1987) 10 Itm to two deighter of Agnes Astley eyther of theym three shillings. η. late Middle English–1500s daughtres, 1500s dafters, 1500s dahtorrs, 1500s daugghters, 1500s dawghters, 1500s–1600s daugters, 1500s–1600s daugthers, 1500s–1600s davghters, 1500s– daughters, 1800s– darters (regional); English regional 1600s–1800s daters, 1800s da'aters, 1800s da'ters, 1800s daaters, 1800s dafters; U.S. regional 1800s da'ters, 1800s dafters, 1800s darters, 1800s daters; Scottish pre-1700 dauchteris, pre-1700 dauchtiris, pre-1700 dawghters, pre-1700 1700s dauchters, pre-1700 1700s– daughters. a1500 (c1465) in J. Gairdner Three 15th-cent. Chrons. (1880) 1 He gave his daughtres a grete rebuke.1532 T. Budd in F. W. Weaver Wells Wills (1890) 183 To their eldest dafters.1649 R. Lovelace Lucasta: Epodes, Odes, Sonnets, Songs 155 Ye blew-flam'd daughters oth' Abysse.a1800 Clerk's Twa Sons in F. J. Child Eng. & Sc. Ballads (1857) II. 67 Ben it came the Mayor's dauchters Wi' kirtle coat alone.1888 Puck (N.Y.) 22 Feb. 415/2 Two young darters—one eighteen. A reg'ler peach.1999 R. Tremain Music & Silence (2000) i. 17 Queen Sofie was consoled by her two daughters. Origin: A word inherited from Germanic. Etymology: Cognate with Old Frisian dochter (West Frisian dochter ), Old Saxon dohtar (Middle Low German dochter ), Old Dutch dohter (Middle Dutch dochter , Dutch dochter ), Old High German tohter (Middle High German tohter , German Tochter ), Early Runic dohtriz (plural), Old Icelandic dóttir , Norn (Shetland) daute , Old Swedish dottir (Swedish dotter ), Old Danish dotær , dottær (Danish datter , (now chiefly regional) dotter ), Gothic dauhtar , and further with Sanskrit duhitṛ , Old Avestan dugədar (Younger Avestan duγδar ), Mycenaean Greek tu-ka-te (ancient Greek θυγάτηρ ), Oscan futír , Gaulish duxtir , Armenian dowstr , Old Church Slavonic dŭšti (inflected stem dŭšter- ), Old Prussian duckti , Lithuanian duktė (inflected stem dukter- ), Tocharian A ckācar , Tocharian B tkācer ; further etymology uncertain and disputed: a derivation < the same Indo-European base as Sanskrit duh- ‘to milk’ has formerly often been suggested, but poses formal problems. On the ending compare discussion at father n.Specific senses. In senses 2, 4, and 5a, and in quot. 1535 at sense 6b, directly or ultimately after corresponding uses of Hebrew baṯ daughter (see Bat Mitzvah n.). In quot. a1382 at sense 6a ultimately after Hebrew bĕnōṯ haššīr (plural) strains of music, literally ‘daughters of song’; baṯ is often applied with a qualifying noun to inanimate objects of the feminine gender viewed as possessing a specific quality (compare its masculine counterpart bēn son, and discussion at child n.). Form history. The later α. forms show the regular reflex of Old English dohtor with development of a glide before the velar fricative. This is by far the dominant type in Middle English; in later use such forms become largely restricted to Scots and northern English. The β. forms reflect unrounding of short ŏ to ă in several dialects of early Middle English, with subsequent diphthongization to /aʊ/ before the velar fricative (see E. J. Dobson Eng. Pronunciation 1500–1700 (ed. 2, 1968) II. §87). The reasons for the emergence of the spelling in au as standard in modern English are uncertain, although it has been suggested that it may have spread into London English from eastern dialects of Middle English (see E. J. Dobson Eng. Pronunciation 1500–1700 (ed. 2, 1968) II. §240). In Cranmer's version of the Bible the spelling with au was substituted for Tyndale's and Coverdale's doughter , and from there it was taken over into later versions, e.g. the King James Bible (1611), which may have contributed to its dominance in Shakespeare and later authors. With forms with medial /f/, recorded by several early modern orthoepists (see E. J. Dobson Eng. Pronunciation 1500–1700 (ed. 2, 1968) II. §28), compare the etymological note at laughter n.1; sometimes the sound change in question is not reflected in the spelling, so e.g. in quot. 1684 at sense 1a where daughter rhymes with after . Inflection. In Old English usually a strong feminine, belonging to the small class of kinship nouns in -r , although rare weak forms are attested. In the singular, i-mutation regularly affects the stem vowel in the dative (West Saxon dehter ), while the genitive singular is usually unmarked, coinciding with the nominative. However, analogical extension of the mutated stem vowel to the genitive is found occasionally as well as, conversely, extension of the unmarked form to the dative. Forms showing mutation of the stem vowel in the singular barely survive into Middle English, but the unmarked genitive is still frequent and occasionally survives beyond Middle English in compounds (compare Compounds 2). The genitive in –s is found from late Old English onwards and becomes the standard form by the end of the Middle English period. Plural forms. The plural (in Old English, nominative and accusative plural) shows similar development to the plural of brother n. for much of its history in English. In Old English, parallel formations are attested to the two most frequent plural types of brother n.: unmarked dohtor (compare brother n. Forms 2α. ) and dohtra or dohtru (compare brother n. Forms 2β. ). For a discussion of the origin of these types see brother n. The nominative and accusative plural form dohtra , which is relatively frequent and early in Old English, may have been partly reinforced by the regular (West Saxon) -a plural of the strong feminine ō -stems. No plural type showing i-mutation of the stem vowel is attested in Old English; the spread of such forms in Middle English (see Forms 2δ. , 2ε. , 2ζ. ) is probably analogical and continuity with an earlier unattested plural comparable to Old Icelandic dœtr , dœttr (compare Early Runic dohtriz ) is unlikely (compare brother n. Forms 2γ. , 2ζ. , 2η. , and discussion at that entry). Plural forms in -en (see Forms 2β. and also 2δ. ) are attested from late Old English onwards; the isolated earlier attestation of an apparent weak dative singular dohtran may be unconnected with this later development. Analogical extension of the s -plural to this word (see Forms 2γ. and also 2ε. , 2η. ) is found from Middle English onwards and becomes regular in standard modern English. Besides the types of plural detailed above, Old English also has a rare collective plural, prefixed gedohtru (compare y- prefix and i-brotheren n.). I. Senses referring to a girl, woman, or female animal. 1. society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > child > daughter > [noun] eOE (Parker) anno 836 Þy fultomode Beorhtric Offan þy he hæfde his dohtor him to cuene. OE (Corpus Cambr.) x. 37 Se þe lufað sunu oððe dohtor swyþur þonne me nys he me wyrþe. a1200 MS Trin. Cambr. in R. Morris (1873) 2nd Ser. 197 Þe deuel hadde binumen him al his strene, þat waren his seuen sunes and þrie dochtres and al þat muchele husshipe. a1325 (c1250) (1968) l. 1094 Loth and his dogtres two. a1400 (a1325) (Trin. Cambr.) l. 155 Mary also hir douȝter [Vesp. doghter, Gött. douther] mylde. c1449 R. Pecock (1860) 500 Marie..bare sones and douȝtris after that sche..bare Crist. 1517 R. Fox tr. St. Benedict lix. sig. G.i To offre his daughter vnto god in the monastery. 1531 W. Babe in F. W. Weaver (1890) 114 To my to dahtorrs a kow. 1535 Ezek. xvi. 44 Soch a mother, soch a doughter. 1609 J. Skene tr. 33 Gif there be moe dochters nor ane, the here age sall be divided amonst them. a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) i. i. 238 So could I 'faith boy, to haue the next wish after, that Lucentio indeede had Baptistas yongest daughter . View more context for this quotation 1684 J. Bunyan 183 Dispondencie, good-man, is coming after, And so also is Much-afraid, his Daughter . View more context for this quotation 1724 T. Salmon 173 The Roman Laws..allowed no Man to marry his adopted Daughter. 1724 A. Ramsay (new ed.) I. 14 I'm come your Doghter's Love to win. 1749 H. Fielding II. vi. vii. 277 The Misery of all Fathers who are so unfortunate to have Daughters . View more context for this quotation 1814 J. Austen I. xiii. 264 My Father..would never wish his grown up daughters to be acting plays. 1863 24 For he a dowter had. 1891 T. Hardy III. xviii. 228 Mr. Clare the elder, whose first wife had died and left him a daughter. 1920 Z. I. Trinka 355 Mrs. Movius with her eldest daughter Emma and four smaller children were alone at home. 1931 W. J. Tulloch in 192 He hed fower douchters, very bonnie lasses. 1970 24 Apr. 268/2 In the faded photographs one sees mostly mothers and daughters. 2015 21 May 75/1 My daughter starts university after the summer. the world > animals > family unit > [noun] > female a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xviii. vi. 1117 A femel lomb hatte agna and is the rammes doughter. 1754 R. Heber Index 160 Slipby..got by a Son of Hobgoblin, out of Cowling's White-Nose, Daughter of Captain Hartley's Blind Horse. 1819 J. Keats 3 Jan. (1958) II. 29 Mrs. Dilke has two cats... The Mother is a tabby and the daughter a black and white. 1847 Ld. Tennyson v. 110 ‘Boys!’ shriek'd the old king, but vainlier than a hen To her false daughters in the pool. 1882 10 161/1 The mother sometimes destroys her daughters in their cells, before they can have a chance of a fair fight. 1946 No. 927. 39 The results are harmful when inbreeding progresses beyond 25 percent (first mating of sire and daughter). 1973 G.Teleki 160 (caption) Mother Flo..and her adult daughter Fifi..groom Flo's newest infant. 2007 P. McCorduck 238 The cat's daughter kills mice. society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > descendant > [noun] > female OE 191 Gif ic soð sprece, þonne sceal Dauides dohtor [sc. Mary] sweltan, stanum astyrfed. OE King Ælfred tr. (Paris) (2001) xliv. 13 Swa ylce doð eac þa dohtor þære welegan byrig Tyrig, hi hine weorðiað mid gyfum. a1382 (Bodl. 959) (1963) Judges xiv. 1 A womman of þe dowȝtris of philistieen [L. mulierem de filiabus Philisthim]. c1384 (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Luke xxiii. 28 Douȝtris of Jerusalem [L. filiae Hierusalem]. c1384 (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Luke xiii. 16 This douȝtre of Abraham [L. filiam Abrahae]. 1535 2 Sam. 1. D Tell it not at Gath: speake not of it in ye stretes at Ascalon: lest the doughters of ye Philistynes reioyse, lest the doughters of ye vncircumcysed tryumphe. 1563 sig. Ggg.iiv The proude, and hautie stomackes of the daughters of Englande, are so maintayned with diuers disguysed sortes of costely apparell, that [etc.]. 1579 E. Spenser Apr. 26 But now from me hys madding mynd is starte, And woes the Widdowes daughter of the glenne. 1611 Deut. xxiii. 17 There shalbe no whore of the daughters of Israel. 1667 J. Milton i. 453 The Love-tale Infected Sions daughters with like heat. View more context for this quotation 1725 B. Higgons 261 He cruelly worries the Memory of a Daughter of England. 1759 S. Johnson I. ii. 10 Here the sons and daughters of Abissinia..were daily entertained with songs. 1814 Ld. Byron (ed. 7) ii. lxxxi. 109 Danc'd on the shore the daughters of the land. 1842 Ld. Tennyson Lady Clara Vere de Vere in (new ed.) I. 155 The daughter of a hundred Earls. 1855 Ld. Tennyson Brook in 104 A daughter of our meadows. 1915 G. Parker i. 10 He could imagine a parting with some sweet daughter of France. 1956 E. T. Healy iii. iii. 216 She was full of an adorning grace,—an embellishment worthy of the daughter of kings. 1991 A. A. Aidoo vii. 66 Fusena kept asking herself how a daughter of the dry savannas of Africa could have ended up in such a rain-soaked hole. the world > people > person > junior person > [noun] > female OE Ælfric (Julius) (1881) I. 88 Se halga Effrem cwæð, nese nese, dohtor. OE (Corpus Cambr.) ix. 22 Gelyf dohtor [L. filia], þin geleafa þe gehælde. c1225 (?c1200) (Bodl.) (1940) 9 Avdi filia..Iher me dohter. c1384 (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Matt. ix. 22 And Jhesus..saide, Douȝter [L. filia], haue thou trust; thi faith hath made thee saaf. 1534 Matt. ix. 22 Doughter, be of good confort. [So 1535 Coverdale, 1539 Cranmer, 1557 Geneva, 1582 Rheims; 1611, daughter.] 1597 W. Shakespeare iv. i. 39 Are you at leasure holy Father now... Fr: My leasure serues me pensiue daughter now. View more context for this quotation 1669 T. Shadwell i. 9 Priest. How now Daughter? what do you here? 1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Odyssey in II. xxiii. 79 To whom thus Euryclea, nurse belov'd, What word, my daughter, hath escaped thy lips? 1842 A. Butler II. vii. 16 Oh, daughter! never forget that the bitterest enemies of the church are your own enemies! 1871 M. Finley xxv. 236 Drink this, my daughter, and go to sleep again. 1980 J. L. Gwaltney (1981) 77 I don't know your name, daughter, and what I'm going to tell you you might say is none of my business. 2010 M. Díaz 163 She would say ‘my daughter this’, ‘my daughter that’, it was the way she was with us, calling us ‘daughters’. the world > people > person > young person > young woman > [noun] OE (Northumbrian) Liturgical Texts (Durham Ritual) in A. H. Thompson & U. Lindelöf (1927) 68 Viderunt illam filiae et beatissimam eam predicauerunt reginę et concubinę laudauerunt eam : gisegon hia dohtoro & eadge hia bodadon cvoeno & cefissa giheredon hia. a1382 (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Song of Sol. ii. 2 As a lilie among thornes, so my leef among doȝtres [L. filias; Hebrew bānōṯ]. ?1483 W. Caxton tr. ii. sig. eviiiv Yf a doughter drynke of the water..yf she be a mayde she shal crye. 1611 Prov. xxxi. 29 Many daughters [Heb. bānōṯ] haue done virtuously, but thou excellest them all. View more context for this quotation 1817 P. B. Shelley viii. ii. 178 She is some bride, Or daughter of high birth. 5. the world > existence and causation > existence > intrinsicality or inherence > [noun] > a characteristic > one who is characterized by a quality OE Ælfric (Royal) (1997) vi. 228 Swa swa sara gehyrsumode abrahame & hine hlaford het, þære dohtra ge sind wel donde. OE Ælfric (Julius) (1881) I. 34 Eugenia..cwæð to ðære sceande þæt heo soðlice wære..þeostra gefæra and mid sweartnysse afylled, Deaðes dohtor and deofles fætels. OE tr. Vitas Patrum in B. Assmann (1889) 196 Geseoh nu ða, hwæt þeos deofles dohtor hæfð gedon þurh hyre lyðran lust. c1384 (Royal) (1850) 1 Pet. iii. 6 As Sare obeschide to Abraham..of whom ȝe ben douȝtres [L. filiae] wel doynge. ?a1425 tr. Catherine of Siena (Harl.) (1966) 317 If I seyde I were ouȝt of mysilf, I schulde lye on mysilf, and schulde be callid a lyer douȝtir of þe feend, which is fadir of lesynges. 1590 E. Spenser i. v. sig. E3 And gorgeous gold arayd I to thee came; Duessa I, the daughter of Deceipt and Shame. 1620 sig. Bi Nor do I in my delight of change otherwise then as..becommeth a daughter of the world to doe. 1688 tr. M. de Molinos i. xiii. 40 O how well did the venerable Mother of Cantal, the spiritual Daughter of St. Francis of Sales, practise this Lesson. 1738 J. Wesley Jrnl. 4 Sept. in (1742) 7 A Daughter of Affliction came to see me. 1847 Ld. Tennyson iv. 78 Eight daughters of the plough, stronger than men. 1849 T. Powell 138 Mr. Leigh Hunt..calls her [sc. Elizabeth Barrett Browning] ‘the sister of Tennyson’—we object to this, and claim her as Shakspere's daughter! 1975 July 29/1 The wimmin describe themselves as..‘daughters of the Vietnam war, schooled by Black and Third World struggles’. 1995 25 Aug. 111 ‘Stutter’ Elastica. These Brit neo-new wavers, true daughters of the Clash, rock with a pure audacity. 1617 F. Moryson i. ii. iv. 190 Vpon the righthand is the Nunnery of the daughters of God, which vse to giue three morsels of bread and a cup of wine to condemned men going to execution. 1773 J. Aikin & A. L. Aikin 116 There were orders, as well amongst the women, as the men, instituted for charitable purposes, such as that of the..Daughters of mercy, founded in 1660, for the relief of the sick poor. 1877 5 475 Her own Sisterhood, the Daughters of St. Vincent de Paul. 1900 E. C. Donnelly (title) The life of Sister Mary Gonzaga Grace, of the Daughters of Charity of St. Vincent de Paul, 1812–1897. 1940 15 339/1 Daughters of Mercy D.M. 1969 20 201 The following organizations are in the parish:..the Catholic Daughters of Australia; [etc.]. 2011 M. E. O'Brien ii. 46 Today the Daughters of Charity comprise one of the largest international Catholic religious communities of women in existence, with approximately 28,000 Daughters worldwide. 1788 W. Gordon III. xiii. 496 The daughters of this last state made a further present of three hundred and eighty pair of stockings. 1893 June 634 We Daughters had every arrangement complete to make May 19th our great day in Chicago. 1911 R. D. Saunders i. 7 Mrs. Todhunter, an ardent Daughter had gone early in the day. 1940 E. Fergusson 54 All our national and sectional Daughters are there and active, and even more patriotic Daughters of Texas' founders, fighters, signers, or early arrivals. 1950 9 Oct. 5/2 The Daughters will meet at the home of Mrs. Norman O. Pilgreen. 2005 L. Ben-Zvi i. 12 She never became a ‘Daughter’. II. Senses referring to a thing. 6. Chiefly with of or possessive. the world > existence and causation > causation > source or origin > [noun] > that which originates from something else eOE (Corpus Cambr. 422) ii. 448 Hwæt witeð us wyrd seo swiðe..frumscylda gehwæs fæder and modor, deaðes dohtor? OE (Corpus Cambr.) xii. 15 Ne ondræd þu Siones dohtor [c1200 Hatton Syones dohter; L. filia Sion]. c1225 (?c1200) (Bodl.) (1940) 207 Vre licomes lust is þes feondes foster, vre wit is godes dohter. 1340 (1866) 26 Fole ssame..is..doȝter of prede. a1382 (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Eccles. xii. 4 Thei shul rise at the vois of the brid, and alle the doȝtris of the song [L. filiae carminis] shul become doumb. 1541 R. Whitford f. 12v Pacience is ye doghter of humilite, or mekenes. 1578 J. Florio f. 72v The daughters of Temperance..are..Shame, Honestie,..Modestie, Studiositie, [etc.]. 1667 J. Milton ix. 653 God..left that Command Sole Daughter of his voice. View more context for this quotation 1728 A. Pope i. 10 Dulness..Daughter of Chaos and eternal Night. 1805 W. Wordsworth 1 Stern Daughter of the Voice of God! O Duty! 1820 P. B. Shelley Cloud in 199 I am the daughter of earth and water. 1872 July 472/1 Modern French, of all the daughters of Latin, inherits the most terseness and precision. 1956 P. D. LeFevre ii. 206 Prayer..is the daughter of faith—the daughter whose task it is to nourish and sustain the mother. 1989 Jan. 34/2 Klöckner-Werke and Klöckner-Humboldt-Deutz, the two grown-up daughters in the corporate family. 2006 G. O'Collins II. ii. 24 Truth, as an old proverb has it, is the daughter of time. society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > district in relation to human occupation > town as opposed to country > city > [noun] 1535 Josh. xv. F Asdod with the doughters [1611 towns; Heb. 'Ašdōḏ bĕnōṯehā] and vyllages therof. a1679 M. Poole (1683) I. sig. 8F2v Pliny calleth Carthage the Daughter of Tyre because she was built by a Colony of Tyrians. 1793 I. v. 118 One of the most famous of these Sidonian Colonies..was its Daughter Tyre. 1874 July 74/2 Fable makes Geneva four centuries older than Rome, and the eldest daughter of Troy. 1922 N. S. B. Gras v. 199 Tradition makes Carthage the daughter of Tyre, and Rome of Troy, but such early parentage is always a matter of doubt. 1938 (Federal Writers' Project) 217 First settled in 1686 by an overflow of Berlin colonists.., New Britain has been called ‘the daughter of Berlin and the grand-daughter of Farmington’. 1693 J. Wright tr. W. Dugdale I. 105 The Abby of Pulton..was furnisht with Monks of the Cistercian Order from Cumbermere, and was therefore called a Daughter of that House. 1743 75 The Monastery of St. Mary's of Rushen, in Castletown..was the Daughter of Furness Abbey. 1786 M. Archdall 266 This house was a daughter of the abbey of Boyle. 1833 18 May 374/1 This abbey is said to have been a daughter of the abbey of Nenagh, or Maig. 1878 J. C. Lees viii. 67 The parent house..was to receive ten merks sterling annually from its daughter, and the monks of the offshoot were to wear the habit and observe the rules of the order of Clugny. 1935 W. W. Williams 63 Ter-Doest.., an abbey which had been founded—the only daughter of Les-Dunes—about halfway between Bruges and Zeebrugge in 1176. 1952 D. Knowles & J. K. S. St Joseph xxxvi. 74 The abbey in its turn became a mother of three daughters, Pipewell, Roche and Salley. 2012 C. P. Hourihane 111/2 Rievaulx abbey was another daughter of Clairvaux. 1848 A. Henfrey tr. M. J. Schleiden ii. 47 If the nutrient matter, within the cell, increases in quantity beyond a certain measure, new cells are formed from it within the first, called secondary or daughter-cells [Ger. Tochterzellen]. 1859 3 2 The parent Volvox, containing generally eight daughters, in each of which there are generally eight grand-daughters, all distinctly visible. 1956 D. Mazia in H. M. Patt & E. L. Powers (U.S. Nat. Res. Council) v. 156 The Watson-Crick picture implies that the parental DNA will be distributed equally between the daughters. 2015 M. E. Burkard & P. V. Jallepalli in S. Thiagalingam vii. 106/2 In order to facilitate precise segregation into daughters, cells have evolved a process known as the spindle assembly checkpoint. the world > matter > physics > atomic nucleus > radioactive isotope > radioactive nuclide > [noun] > formed by disintegration 1915 26 292 Each atom of uranium which disintegrates implies the disintegration of an atom of each of the daughter elements. 1933 O. H. Blackwood et al. xii. 222 At present we cannot tell whether the daughter of radium C″ is identical in all its properties with radium D. 1956 A. H. Compton 89 The average number of ‘daughters’ that each neutron generates. 1970 25 July 362/2 The decay product of natural uranium, thorium and their daughters. 2004 J. A. Angelo iv. 191 The atomic number of the daughter decreases by two while the nucleon number decreases by four. Phrases P1. c1415 (c1380) G. Chaucer (Lansd.) (1875) l. 62 And þouhe þat .I. þe vnworþe douhter of Eue [c1405 Hengwrt sone of Eue] Be synful ȝit accept my be-leue. 1611 W. Vaughan To Rdrs. sig. *4 Ye daughters of Eue, misconster not my simple speech. 1662 Duchess of Newcastle iv. 84 The Woman says she is Eve's Daughter, but if you will Spare her Life, she hopes to be as great a Saint as Mary Magdalen. 1747 W. King iii. 109 Nor a Daughter of Eve has a Body so foul. 1861 G. J. Whyte-Melville viii. 94 I have seen mammas whom the fairest of Eve's daughters might be proud to resemble. 1911 W. J. Locke xi. 124 It is not in the nature of three-and-twenty to look morosely on so dainty a daughter of Eve. 1950 C. S. Lewis ii. 16 ‘Of course I'm human,’ said Lucy, still a little puzzled. ‘To be sure, to be sure,’ said the Faun. ‘How stupid of me! But I've never seen a Son of Adam or a Daughter of Eve before.’ 1986 B. Dijkstra x. 347 Being a woman, a daughter of Eve, and hence having..‘some of the taste of the original apple that remains still in our mouths’. 2011 E. P. Freeman ii. 134 Born as a daughter of Eve, your flesh was your only option because your spirit was dead. P2. society > authority > punishment > torture > instrument or place of torture > [noun] > rack 1618 A. Munday (new ed.) 112 The Brake or Racke, commonly called, the Duke of Excesters daughter, because he was the deuiser of that torture. 1699 B. E. Duke of Exeter's Daughter, a Rack in the Tower of London, to torture and force Confession; supposed to be introduced by him. 1766 May 394 A rack, was formerly brought into the Tower, and is known by the name of the Duke of Exeter's Daughter. 1811 S. Heywood vi. 398 In the reign of Henry the Sixth the rack or brake had been placed by the Earl of Exeter in the tower...It was called Exeter's daughter. 1838 27 xv. 233 I have somewhere read of Guy Fawkes having been threatened with being made to kiss the Duke of Exeter's daughter. 1878 J. Gairdner iv. 125 Being..a prisoner in the Tower, in the severe embrace of ‘the Duke of Exeter's daughter’. 1957 J. Lane i. i. 21 I tried the Duke of Exeter's Daughter, I tried the Scavenger's Daughter..; and all we got out of him was an admission of his priesthood. 2006 G. Abbott 219 He brought one on to the inventory, local wits immediately christening the machine ‘the Duke of Exeter's daughter’, a lady whose embrace was definitely not sought after! P3. 1683 i. 8 Do you think that person was not most severely and unmercifully us'd by a Daughter of Joy, that when he had bargain'd with her for a nights dalliance for twenty pound, [etc.]. 1881 J. Doran I. 94 Macready assigned a dingy garret and a rush-light or two for that purpose [sc. accommodation and refreshment], and the daughters of joy fled from it. 1933 2 Nov. 14/2 Our next visit was to the red light district, where we permitted ourselves to be picked up by a rather battered ‘daughter of joy’. 1985 T. Berger i. 19 A short, redhaired daughter of joy, a regular on the beat, was just sauntering past. P4. Phrases referring to various U.S. patriotic or political societies for women. Cf. sense 5c, son n.1 6c. a. 1769 16 Oct. 1/3 And as true Daughters of Liberty, they made their Breakfast upon Rye Coffee. 1788 W. Gordon III. xiii. 496 The generous exertions of the American daughters of liberty in Philadelphia and the neighbourhood, to befriend the continental soldiers. 1848 Feb. 84/2 These ‘Daughters of Liberty’, as they were styled,..cheerfully gave up..tea, in opposition to the oppressive measures of the British ministry. 1877 15 390 A society of ladies styled the ‘Daughters of Liberty’ made rifle men's frocks,..shirts and gaiters for the cavalry, free of cost to the government. 1935 M. S. Benson viii. 250 Throughout New England, and perhaps elsewhere, groups of women known as Daughters of Liberty met together to spin. 2008 L. Ennis in A. K. Frank xi. 211 Women organized themselves into groups, such as the Daughters of Liberty, which held all-day sewing events in order to fill the need for cloth. b. society > society and the community > social relations > an association, society, or organization > types of association, society, or organization > [noun] > other types of association, society, or organization 1890 (title) Daughters of the American Revolution constitution and by-laws. 1924 A. M. Archambault xi. 231 A descriptive tablet, erected by the Daughters of the American Revolution, is in the town square. 1969 20 Mar. 28 The tribute was an answer to the Daughters of the American Revolution's (DAR) claim that Attucks was not a legitimate hero of the Revolutionary War. 1995 P. Jenkins xxxiii. 217 Some in the bridge club..belong to the Magna Carta Dames and also to the Daughters of the American Revolution. 2014 (Nexis) 14 July The Jacob Bennett Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution hosted the re-dedication of the historic marker. c. 1894 2 180/1 Daughters of the Confederacy are also organized. 1903 7 71 The two chapters..of the United Daughters of the Confederacy endowed her with honorary membership. 1993 16 Aug. 11/1 He has no special stake in the past—no Civil War portrait wall, no known relations in the Daughters of the Confederacy. 2011 (Nexis) 18 May 26 The local chapter of the United Daughters of the Confederacy placed flags on the graves of soldiers who fought on both sides of the Civil War. Compounds C1. attributive. Designating something personified as a daughter in relation to an origin or source. 1610 J. Healey tr. St. Augustine iii. xiv. 124 This warre was worse then ciuill, where the daughter citty [L. filia ciuitas] bore armes against the mother. 1641 J. Milton 88 This Britannick Empire..with all her Daughter Ilands about her. 1744 J. Tanner in T. Tanner (new ed.) 714 (note) Being an abby, it could not be a cell... Perhaps it might be a daughter house to it only. 1781 12 341/2 If..what the situation of the mother country is, should happen to be the case with the daughter colony. 1824 Feb. 194/2 Those ungenerous prejudices which have bred ill blood between the mother country and the daughter country. 1829 G. Bancroft tr. A. H. L. Heeren II. 175 This constitution,..soon urged upon the daughter states. 1871 M. Dods tr. St. Augustine I. 107 How, then, could that be a glorious war which a daughter-state [L. filia ciuitas] waged against its mother? 1878 R. B. Smith 5 The Phoenicians alike of the parent country and daughter cities. 1886 Abp. Benson Prayer at Opening Colonial & Indian Exhib. in 34 677/1 That all the daughter-lands of her Realms and Empire may be knit together in perfect unity. 1901 Nov. 347 The conduct of these daughter nations during our South African struggle. 1903 3 June 9/3 Everyone was too busy talking about their grand Imperial theories, and the duties of the mother-country, to bother about the dull little domestic facts that are worrying the daughter-land. 1935 W. W. Williams 8 Some ten years had elapsed since its foundation and it had not as yet one daughter-house. 1937 Aug. 229/2 The silver didrachm..of the Greek city states was introduced into the daughter-colonies and became the chief coin of Italy for nearly 400 years. 2006 R. Dawkins (2008) v. 198 Such successful tribes prolifically spawn daughter tribes. 1614 W. Raleigh i. ii. ix. §1. 371 A fruitfull vine planted by the Well side, and spreading her Daughter-branches along the Wall. 1709 M. Prior 92 And when the Parent Rose decays, and dies, with a resembling Face the Daughter Buds arise. 1859 H. Coultas xii. 185 The mother shoot is nourished and its life secured by the daughter shoots to which it gives birth. 1900 P. Groom v. 41 The death of the old bulb leads to separation of the daughter-bulbs. 1991 A. D. Bell (1993) i. 181/1 The majority of grasses branch repeatedly, lateral daughter branches (tillers) usually having the same general morphology as their parent. 2001 88 1177 (caption) Every second whorl with extra-axillary daughter shoot. 1848Daughter-cells [see sense 7]. 1887 W. Hillhouse tr. E. Strasburger 363 Now begin the phases of separation and rearrangement of the daughter-segments, the metaphases of division. 1899 28 15 The chromatin substance is soon drawn out into a short process on either side which becomes the point of the V-shaped daughter chromosome. 1914 H. B. Fantham & A. Porter 219 The body protoplasm divides also, and two daughter forms are produced. 1924 J. A. Thomson xliv. 257 A non-cellular organism multiplies by division, budding and spore-forming, and its daughter-units separate off. 2004 16 2678/2 The par− phenotype appears to result from combined defects in replication elongation, replication termination, and daughter chromosome segregation. 1915Daughter elements [see sense 8]. 1933 O. H. Blackwood et al. xii. 219 The atomic weight of radium is 226, and the daughter atom should be four units lighter because of the loss of an alpha particle. 1948 1 145 Unless sufficient time elapses before measurement to permit daughter isotopes..to decay away, false conclusions will be derived as to the behavior of the parent. 1955 (B.S.I.) 6 The atom containing the original nucleus is sometimes called the parent atom and the resulting atom the decay product or daughter atom. 1962 176/2 The decay products of a radioactive element are often referred to as its daughter products. 1991 S. F. Mason iv. 46 The heavier extinct radioisotopes which have left stable daughter isotopes in overabundance were probably generated in a nearly supernova explosion. 2007 J. T. O. Kirk iii. 99 Angular momentum must be conserved so if one daughter particle has spin +½ the other must have spin -½. C2. Compounds with simple unmarked genitive. Compare discussion in etymology section.society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > grandchild > [noun] > grand-daughter a1382 (Bodl. 959) (1961) Lev. xviii. 10 Þe fulþhede of þe douȝter of þy sone or of þy douȝter douȝter, þou shalt not opyn, for þy fulþhede hit ys. a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun (Nero) viii. l. 80 Þe douchtir douchtir of our kynge Alexander. a1525 in W. A. Craigie (1923) I. 264 Alexander the thrid..left na air of his body bot his dochter dochter Margaret. 1883 Oct. 434 [In Scotch] Bairn's bairn is ‘grand-child’, dochter-dochter is ‘grand-daughter’, and forebears is ‘ancestors’. society > society and the community > kinship or relationship > kinsman or relation > grandchild > [noun] > grandson OE (Tiber. B.i) anno 982 Se Leodulf wæs þæs ealdan Oddan sunu & Eadweardes cininges dohtorsunu. c1400 (Bodl.) 32 (MED) Moyses..ches raþir to be turmented wiþ children of Israel þanne to..be holde þe kynges douȝter sone. a1500 (c1425) Andrew of Wyntoun (Nero) iii. l. 819 Of þat lande..His douchtir son [a1530 Royal douchtyr sone] his ayr he made. a1600 ( W. Stewart tr. H. Boece (1858) III. 383 This lord Stewart, quhilk wes..The dochter sone of king Robertis first wyfe. C3. society > computing and information technology > hardware > [noun] > electronic component, circuitry 1964 U. R. Kodres & H. E. Lippmann in 4 When pins are constrained to move in groups belonging to a daughter card, a favorable assignment does not exist. 1991 Aug. 49 (advt.) Our revolutionary ‘daughter’ card is the only thing you need to change to get higher CPU performance. 2013 J. D. Cressler & K. A. Moon in J. D. Cressler & H. A. Mantooth vii. 834 Five different programmable voltage regulators..ensured a clean voltage supply to the daughter card. 1848Daughter-cells [see sense 7]. 1882 S. H. Vines tr. J. von Sachs (ed. 2) 139 One of the two daughter-cells (the Apical Cell) remains..similar to the mother-cell. 1937 C. D. Darlington in 30 Oct. 759/2 On this process [sc. crossing-over]..the later reduction in number and segregation to opposite daughter-cells equally depend. 2009 28 Nov. (Fine Times Mag.) 41/1 As skins age, the mother cells develop faults and produce daughter cells that are less perfect copies.., leaving the skin looking wrinkled, slack. 1855 15 170 In the hydatid chorion the central trunk is wanting, the centre of the whole vegetation being a bladder (the chorion) on whose walls a new generation of cysts is formed, each one of which has in like manner the property of developing one or many daughter-cysts. 1876 9 137 I cut down upon the tumour so as freely to expose it, and then punctured it, when a quantity of clear water escaped, and with it two or three small daughter cysts. 1949 H. W. C. Vines (ed. 17) xi. 286 Daughter-cysts may arise as hernial protrusions from the original cysts, or as depressions into its interior. 2009 (Royal Soc.) B. 364 2749 Cyst rupture also gives rise to daughter cysts [in infection with Toxoplasma gondii]. 1784 T. Astle v. 98 The W is unknown, both to the Latin, and its daughter languages, the French, the Spanish, and the Italian. 1836 4 125 In this respect..the Latin is rather similar to her daughter-languages, the Italian, French, &c. 1984 35 131 The passive could have existed in Proto-Indo-European, rather than in its daughter languages. 2011 C. Ehret ii. 28 A Proto-bantu consonant represented by linguists as *b regularly became a w in the daughter language Swahili and dropped out of pronunciation entirely in another daughter language, Gikuyu. 1857 E. Lankester tr. G. F. Küchenmeister I. 300 The centre also divides into small nuclei, which unite with the above-mentioned segments, and thus are produced cells with daughter-nuclei [Ger. Tochterkernen], which however do not advance far in segmentation. 1925 B. 98 228 Carleton..has shown that during mitosis in the frog, the ‘nucleolinus’ divides and that one part of it is found in each daughter nucleus. 1934 13 592 The stationary states or energy-levels deduced from the (Ui—Uj)-values and the hν-values then would pertain to the ‘final’ or daughter nucleus. 1989 B. Alberts et al. (ed. 2) xiii. 764 (caption) At telophase the daughter nuclei re-form, and by late telophase cytokinesis is almost complete, with the midbody persisting between the daughter cells. 2005 L. J. Chaisson iv. 219 If the rock melts, there is no particular reason to expect the daughter nuclei to remain in the same locations their parents had occupied, and the whole method [sc. radioactive dating] fails. 1903 L. W. Rothschild & K. Jordan p. xliv The classifier cannot make any nomenclatorial difference whatever between phylogenetically younger and older genera, between the parent- and daughter-species, between the generalised and specialised subspecies. 1952 51 86 The time would not be available for the original species to cover the area before it gave rise to more successful daughter species. 2002 S. J. Gould viii. 606 Under punctuated equilibrium..nearly all species disappear by extinction (‘living on’ only through their progeny of daughter species with new names and individualities). This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). <  n.eOE |
