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单词 de-
释义

de-prefix

Stress is usually determined by a subsequent element.
Origin: Of multiple origins. Partly a borrowing from French. Partly a borrowing from Latin. Etymons: French dé-; Latin dē-.
Etymology: Partly < French dé-, and partly < its etymon classical Latin dē-, combining form used in combination with verbs, and their derivatives < dē (adverb) down, (preposition) from, away from, down from, out of < the same Italic base as Oscan da- (prefix), Umbrian da- (prefix) < the same Indo-European base as Early Irish de-, dé-, dí-, Welsh di-, all forming negatives.A large number of verbs formed in this way survived in French, or were taken over into the language in earlier or later times as learned words, and thence were adopted into English, such as decrease v., defend v., desire v. In later times English verbs, with their derivative adjectives and nouns, as also participial adjectives and nouns without any verbs, have been adapted directly from Latin, or formed from Latin elements, without an intermediate French stage. The senses of the Latin prefix include: down, down from, down to, as dēpendēre depend v.1, dēpōnere depone v., depose v., dēprimere depress v., dēscendere descend v., dēvorāre devour v.; off, away, aside, as dēclīnāre decline v., dēducere deduce v., dēfendere defend v., dēportāre deport v.1; dēsignāre designate v., dēsistere desist v.; away from oneself, as dēlēgāre delegate v.; dēprecārī deprecate v.; down to the bottom, completely; hence thoroughly on and on, away, also methodically, formally, as dēclāmāre declaim v., dēclārāre declare v., dēnūdāre denude v., dēplōrāre deplore v., dērelinquere derelict v., dēspoliāre despoil v.; to exhaustion, to the dregs, as dēcoquere decoct n., dēliquēscere deliquesce v.; in a bad sense, so as to put down or subject to some indignity, as dēcipere deceive v., dēlūdere delude v., dērīdēre ,deride v., dētestārī detest v.. In Latin, dē- had also the function of undoing or reversing the action of a verb, e.g. armāre to arm, dearmāre to disarm, decorāre to grace, dēdecorāre to disgrace, iungere to join, dēiungere to unyoke, vēlāre to veil, dēvēlāre to unveil, and of forming verbs of similar type from nouns, as deartuāre to dismember, from artus member, joint, dēcollāre to behead, from collum neck, dēcorticāre to deprive of bark, from cortic- , cortex bark, dēflōrāre to rob of its flowers, from flōr- , flōs flower. A similar idea was usually expressed in classical Latin by the prefix dis- ; e.g. cingere to gird, discingere to ungird, convenīre to agree, disconvenīre to disagree, iungere to join, disiungere to disjoin, diffībulāre to unclasp, dīlōrīcāre to uncorslet, discalceātus unshod. In post-classical Latin, dis- became the preferred form; and although some Latin words in dē- lived on, or were by scholars adopted into the Romance languages, all new compounds were formed with des- , and many even of the Latin words in dē- were remodelled in the Romance languages with des- : thus Latin dearmāre , dēcarnāre , dēcolōrāre , dēcorticāre , dēdignārī , dēformāre , *dēcapitāre , Old French desarmer , descharner , descorchier , desdaigner , deformer and desformer , decapiter , descapiter . In later French des- became, first in speech, and finally in writing, dé- , in which form it was identical with the dé- of learned words from Latin dē- . In English, early words taken from Old French with des- retained this form (now altered back under Latin influence to dis- ), as in disarm v., disband v., disburse v., discolour v., disdain v., disfrock v., disjoin v., disrobe v.; but later words have de- , which, although coming from French dé- < Old French des- < Latin dis- , is usually viewed and treated as identical with Latin dē- ; e.g. debauch v., debord v., defy v.1, defile v.1, depeople v., derange v., develop v.. In some words both forms have passed into English, as disburse v., †deburse v., discard v., †decard v., disconcert v., †deconcert v., disfrock v., defrock v. In French the prefix des-, dé-, has received an ever increasing extension as a privative, freely prefixed to verbs, as in débarasser, débrutaliser, décentraliser, déconstiper, etc., or used to form verbs of the same type from nouns, as débanquer, débonder, déchaperonner, défroquer, etc.
The following are the chief uses in Latin and English.
1. As an etymological element. In the senses:
a. Down, down from, down to: as depend v.1 (dependent adj., dependence n., etc.), depone v., depose v., depress v., descend v., devour v. (all from Latin). So of English formation, debreak v.
b.
(a) Off, away, aside: as decline v., deduce v., defend v., deport v.1, designate v., desist v. (all from Latin).
(b) Away from oneself: as delegate v., deprecate v. (both from Latin).
c.
(a) Down to the bottom, completely; hence thoroughly on and on, away; also methodically, formally: as declaim v., declare v., denude v., deplore v., derelict v., despoil v. (all from Latin).
(b) To exhaustion, to the dregs: as decoct n., deliquesce v. (both from Latin).
d. In a bad sense, so as to put down or subject to some indignity: as deceive v., delude v., deride v., detest v. (all from Latin).
Categories »
e. In late Latin, dēcompositus was used by the grammarians in the sense ‘formed or derived from a compound (word)’, passing later into that of ‘compounded over again, doubly or further compounded’; in this sense the word has in modern times been taken into chemistry, botany, etc. (see decomposite adj. and n., decompound adj. and n.), and the prefix has been similarly used in other words, as decomplex adj., demixture n.
f. In Latin, dē- had also the function of undoing or reversing the action of a verb. De- has here also become a living privative element, freely prefixed to verbs (esp. in -ize, -ate, -fy), and forming verbs of a similar type from substantives or adjectives. Hence:
2. As a living prefix, with privative force.
a. Forming compound verbs (with their derivative nouns, adjectives, etc.), having the sense of undoing the action of the simple verb, or of depriving (anything) of the thing or character therein expressed, e.g. de-acidify to undo or reverse the acidifying process, to take away the acid character, deprive (a thing) of its acid; hence de-acidified, -fying, -fication; de-anglicize to undo the anglicizing of, to divest of its English character, render no longer English. Some of these are formed by prefixing de- to the original verb, but others are more logically analysed as formed with de- + noun or adjective + verbal suffix, the resulting form being the same in either case. In others, again, no corresponding simple verb is in use: e.g. decephalize, decerebrize, decolourize, defibrinate. The most important early formations are given in their places as main words, e.g. de-christianize v., decompose v., demagnetize v., demoralize v., etc. A selection of other formations, largely of transparent meaning, and mostly dating from the 19th cent. and later, are given in this entry.The hyphen is conveniently used when the de- comes before a vowel, and sometimes elsewhere to emphasize the occasional nature of the combination, or draw special attention to its composition; otherwise it is not required.
de-acidification n.
Brit. /ˌdiːəsɪdᵻfᵻˈkeɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌdiəˌsɪdəfəˈkeɪʃən/
de-acidified adj.
Brit. /ˌdiːəˈsɪdᵻfʌɪd/
,
U.S. /ˌdiəˈsɪdəˌfaɪd/
ΚΠ
1786 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 76 134 Deacidified nitrous air.
de-acidify v.
Brit. /ˌdiːəˈsɪdᵻfʌɪ/
,
U.S. /ˌdiəˈsɪdəˌfaɪ/
de-alcoholist n.
Brit. /ˌdiːalkəˈhɒlɪst/
,
/diːˌalkəˈhɒlɪst/
,
/(ˌ)diːˈalkəhɒlɪst/
,
U.S. /ˌdiˌælkəˈhɔləst/
,
/ˌdiˌælkəˈhɑləst/
,
/diˈælkəˌhɔləst/
,
/diˈælkəˌhɑləst/
ΚΠ
1873 M. Collins Squire Silchester III. xxi. 236 It is a capital dealcoholist.
de-alcoholization n.
Brit. /diːˌalkəhɒləˈzeɪʃn/
,
/ˌdiːalkəhɒləˈzeɪʃn/
,
/diːˌalkəhəlʌɪˈzeɪʃn/
,
/ˌdiːalkəhəlʌɪˈzeɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌdiˌælkəˌhɔləˈzeɪʃn/
,
/ˌdiˌælkəˌhɑləˈzeɪʃn/
,
/ˌdiˌælkəˌhɔˌlaɪˈzeɪʃn/
,
/ˌdiˌælkəˌhɑˌlaɪˈzeɪʃn/
de-alcoholize v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈalkəhɒlʌɪz/
,
/(ˌ)diːˈalkəhəlʌɪz/
,
U.S. /diˈælkəˌhɔˌlaɪz/
,
/diˈælkəˌhɑˌlaɪz/
de-alcoholized adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈalkəhɒlʌɪzd/
,
/(ˌ)diːˈalkəhəlʌɪzd/
,
U.S. /diˈælkəˌhɔˌlaɪzd/
,
/diˈælkəˌhɑˌlaɪzd/
ΚΠ
1866 Pall Mall Gaz. 21 Sept. 11 Like blank cartridge or dealcoholized wine.
de-alkalize v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈalkəlʌɪz/
,
U.S. /diˈælkəˌlaɪz/
de-alkalized adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈalkəlʌɪzd/
,
U.S. /diˈælkəˌlaɪzd/
ΚΠ
1877 F. T. Roberts Handbk. Med. (ed. 3) I. 74 The substance consists of de-alkalized fibrin.
de-americanize v.
Brit. /ˌdiːəˈmɛrᵻkənʌɪz/
,
U.S. /ˌdiəˈmɛrəkəˌnaɪz/
de-anathematize v.
Brit. /ˌdiːəˈnaθᵻmətʌɪz/
,
U.S. /ˌdiəˈnæθ(ə)məˌtaɪz/
ΚΠ
1884 Ld. Tennyson Becket v. ii. 176 Can the King de-anathematise this York?
de-appetize v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈapᵻtʌɪz/
,
U.S. /diˈæpəˌtaɪz/
de-appetizing adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈapᵻtʌɪzɪŋ/
,
U.S. /diˈæpəˌtaɪzɪŋ/
ΚΠ
1888 Academy 28 Jan. 56 A de-appetising feast of dry bones.
de-arsenicize v.
Brit. /ˌdiːɑːˈsɛnᵻsʌɪz/
,
U.S. /ˌdiˌɑrˈsɛnəˌsaɪz/
de-arsenicizing adj.
Brit. /ˌdiːɑːˈsɛnᵻsʌɪzɪŋ/
,
U.S. /ˌdiˌɑrˈsɛnəˌsaɪzɪŋ/
de-aspirate v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈaspᵻreɪt/
,
U.S. /diˈæspəˌreɪt/
ΚΠ
1876 T. Le M. Douse Grimm's Law App. F. 210 They both deaspirated the initial.
de-aspirating adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈaspᵻreɪtɪŋ/
,
U.S. /diˈæspəˌreɪdɪŋ/
ΚΠ
1876 T. Le M. Douse Grimm's Law §12. 24 Similar deaspirating movements both in Greek and Sanskrit.
de-aspiration n.
Brit. /ˌdiːaspᵻˈreɪʃn/
,
/diːˌaspᵻˈreɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌdiˌæspəˈreɪʃən/
ΚΠ
1879 W. D. Whitney Sanskrit Gram. Index 478/2 Deaspiration of aspirate mutes.
de-aspirator n.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈaspᵻreɪtə/
,
U.S. /diˈæspəˌreɪdər/
ΚΠ
1876 T. Le M. Douse Grimm's Law §22. 47 I have frequently observed..that when a group of deaspirators are talking together, an h is rarely heard at all.
debitumenization n.
Brit. /ˌdiːbᵻˌtjuːmᵻnʌɪˈzeɪʃn/
,
/ˌdiːbᵻˌtʃuːmᵻnʌɪˈzeɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌdibəˌt(j)umənəˈzeɪʃən/
,
/ˌdibəˌt(j)uməˌnaɪˈzeɪʃən/
,
/ˌdiˌbaɪˌt(j)umənəˈzeɪʃən/
,
/ˌdiˌbaɪˌt(j)uməˌnaɪˈzeɪʃən/
ΚΠ
1863 J. D. Dana Man. Geol. ii. 410 The debitumenization of the coal.
debitumenize v.
Brit. /ˌdiːbᵻˈtjuːmᵻnʌɪz/
,
/ˌdiːbᵻˈtʃuːmᵻnʌɪz/
,
U.S. /ˌdibəˈt(j)uməˌnaɪz/
,
/ˌdiˌbaɪˈt(j)uməˌnaɪz/
debrutalize v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈbruːtl̩ʌɪz/
,
U.S. /diˈbrudlˌaɪz/
ΚΠ
1891 Chicago Advance 30 Apr. Not merely to ‘debrutalize’ the police force, but to purify and ennoble it.
debunnionizer n.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈbʌnjənʌɪzə/
,
U.S. /diˈbənjəˌnaɪzər/
ΚΠ
1872 G. W. Dasent Three to One I. 250 An eminent chiropodist and debunnionizer.
decaesarize v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈsiːzərʌɪz/
,
U.S. /diˈsizəˌraɪz/
ΚΠ
1882 Pall Mall Gaz. 20 May 3/2 The Republicans..wish to decentralize, to decæsarize France.
decalvinize v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈkalvᵻnʌɪz/
,
U.S. /diˈkælvəˌnaɪz/
ΚΠ
1832 R. Southey in Q. Rev. 48 280 He did not talk of decalvinizing certain of our provinces, nor of dejansenizing certain corporations.
1891 Chicago Advance 4 June That this committee intended to de-Calvinize the church.
decamphorize v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈkamfərʌɪz/
,
U.S. /diˈkæmfəˌraɪz/
decanonization n.
Brit. /diːˌkanənʌɪˈzeɪʃn/
,
/ˌdiːkanənʌɪˈzeɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌdiˌkænənəˈzeɪʃən/
,
/ˌdiˌkænəˌnaɪˈzeɪʃən/
ΚΠ
1625 T. James Let. in R. Parr Life J. Usher (1686) Coll. lxxvi. 318 He hath..inlarged his Book of Bochel's Decanonization.
decanonize v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈkanənʌɪz/
,
U.S. /diˈkænəˌnaɪz/
decardinalize v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈkɑːdn̩l̩ʌɪz/
,
U.S. /diˈkɑrdn̩əˌlaɪz/
,
/diˈkɑrdənəˌlaɪz/
ΚΠ
1645 J. Howell Epistolæ Ho-elianæ ii. xix. 39 He [sc. the Cardinal of Guise] is but young, and they spake of a Bull that is to come from Rome to decardenalize him.
decathedralize v.
Brit. /ˌdiːkəˈθiːdrəlʌɪz/
,
/ˌdiːkəˈθiːdrl̩ʌɪz/
,
U.S. /ˌdikəˈθidrəˌlaɪz/
decelticize v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈkɛltᵻsʌɪz/
,
/(ˌ)diːˈsɛltᵻsʌɪz/
,
U.S. /ˌdiˈkɛltəˌsaɪz/
,
/ˌdiˈsɛltəˌsaɪz/
ΚΠ
1881 Academy 28 May 388/3 Ireland is..more decelticised now than the Scottish Highlands.
dechemicalization n.
Brit. /diːˌkɛmᵻkl̩ʌɪˈzeɪʃn/
,
/ˌdiːkɛmᵻkl̩ʌɪˈzeɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌdiˌkɛməkələˈzeɪʃən/
,
/ˌdiˌkɛməkəˌlaɪˈzeɪʃən/
ΚΠ
1878 Scribner's Monthly 16 436/1 An aroma which no chemistry, or dechemicalization is potent enough to retain.
dechemicalize v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈkɛmᵻkl̩ʌɪz/
,
/(ˌ)diːˈkɛmᵻkəlʌɪz/
,
U.S. /diˈkɛməkəˌlaɪz/
dechoralize v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈkɔːrəlʌɪz/
,
/(ˌ)diːˈkɔːrl̩ʌɪz/
,
U.S. /diˈkɔrəˌlaɪz/
ΚΠ
1864 Reader 19 Mar. 374/1 Handel meant his oratorios to be choral works. This dechoralizes them.
deciceronize v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈtʃɪtʃərə(ʊ)nʌɪz/
,
/(ˌ)diːˈsɪsərə(ʊ)nʌɪz/
,
U.S. /diˈsɪsərəˌnaɪz/
ΚΠ
1873 H. A. J. Munro Lucretius 473 One of the numerous artifices of Tacitus to deciceronise the style of his annals.
decitizenize v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈsɪtᵻzn̩ʌɪz/
,
U.S. /diˈsɪdᵻzəˌnaɪz/
,
/diˈsɪdᵻsəˌnaɪz/
ΚΠ
1890 Columbus (Ohio) Dispatch 27 May Any..plan of decitizenizing free Americans.
declassicize v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈklasᵻsʌɪz/
,
U.S. /diˈklæsəˌsaɪz/
ΚΠ
1848 A. H. Clough Corr. 22 May (1957) I. 175 The ‘jeunes filles’..were de-classicised by their use of parasols.
declericalization n.
Brit. /diːˌklɛrᵻkl̩ʌɪˈzeɪʃn/
,
/ˌdiːklɛrᵻkl̩ʌɪˈzeɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌdiˌklɛrəkələˈzeɪʃən/
,
/ˌdiˌklɛrəkəˌlaɪˈzeɪʃən/
ΚΠ
1870 Sat. Rev. 12 Feb. 209/1 To accept..a declericalization which was not degradation.
declericalize v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈklɛrᵻkl̩ʌɪz/
,
/(ˌ)diːˈklɛrᵻkəlʌɪz/
,
U.S. /diˈklɛrəkəˌlaɪz/
ΚΠ
1870 Sat. Rev. 12 Feb. 209/1 Nor..to allow its Bishops to declericalize any of its priests and deacons by a penny post letter.
declimatize v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈklʌɪmətʌɪz/
,
U.S. /diˈklaɪməˌtaɪz/
ΚΠ
1870 Lit. Churchman XVI. 451/2 Englishmen who have lived much abroad seem to become de-climatised in this particular.
deconcatenate v.
Brit. /ˌdiːkənˈkatᵻneɪt/
,
/ˌdiːkəŋˈkatᵻneɪt/
,
/ˌdiːkɒnˈkatᵻneɪt/
,
/ˌdiːkɒŋˈkatᵻneɪt/
,
U.S. /ˌdikənˈkætnˌeɪt/
ΚΠ
1862 Mrs. J. B. Speid Our Last Years in India 157 So the whole concatenation deconcatenated.
deconcentrate v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈkɒnsntreɪt/
,
/(ˌ)diːˈkɒnsɛntreɪt/
,
U.S. /diˈkɑnsənˌtreɪt/
deconcentration n.
Brit. /ˌdiːkɒnsnˈtreɪʃn/
,
/ˌdiːkɒnsɛnˈtreɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌdiˌkɑnsənˈtreɪʃən/
deconventionalize v.
Brit. /ˌdiːkənˈvɛnʃn̩l̩ʌɪz/
,
/ˌdiːkənˈvɛnʃ(ə)nəlʌɪz/
,
U.S. /ˌdikənˈvɛn(t)ʃənlˌaɪz/
,
/ˌdikənˈvɛn(t)ʃnəˌlaɪz/
ΚΠ
1893 Sat. Rev. 25 Mar. 333/1 The style of the great Mr. Smith..greatly deconventionalized.
decopperization n.
Brit. /diːˌkɒpərʌɪˈzeɪʃn/
,
/ˌdiːkɒpərʌɪˈzeɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌdiˌkɑpərəˈzeɪʃən/
,
/ˌdiˌkɑpəˌraɪˈzeɪʃən/
decopperize v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈkɒpərʌɪz/
,
U.S. /diˈkɑpəˌraɪz/
decultivate v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈkʌltᵻveɪt/
,
U.S. /diˈkəltəˌveɪt/
ΚΠ
1784 B. Franklin in Ann. Reg. 1817 Chron. 381 The odious mixture of pride and beggary..that have half depopulated and decultivated Spain.
dedoggerelize v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈdɒɡ(ə)rəlʌɪz/
,
/(ˌ)diːˈdɒɡ(ə)rl̩ʌɪz/
,
U.S. /diˈdɔɡ(ə)rəˌlaɪz/
,
/diˈdɑɡ(ə)rəˌlaɪz/
ΚΠ
1890 J. Davidson in Academy 15 Mar. 183/1 An example of the failure of high literary ability to dedoggerelise it thoroughly.
dedogmatize v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈdɒɡmətʌɪz/
,
U.S. /diˈdɔɡməˌtaɪz/
,
/diˈdɑɡməˌtaɪz/
dedogmatized adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈdɒɡmətʌɪzd/
,
U.S. /diˈdɔɡməˌtaɪzd/
,
/diˈdɑɡməˌtaɪzd/
ΚΠ
1878 E. Gurney Tertium Quid (1887) I. 113 The joylessness and dulness of the ‘dereligionised’ (more truly dedogmatised) life.
de-educate v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈɛdjᵿkeɪt/
,
/(ˌ)diːˈɛdʒᵿkeɪt/
,
U.S. /diˈɛdʒəˌkeɪt/
ΚΠ
1887 Parish Problems 36 Poverty, care, work..had slowly deëducated the Man!
de-electrify v.
Brit. /ˌdiːᵻˈlɛktrᵻfʌɪ/
,
U.S. /ˌdiəˈlɛktrəˌfaɪ/
ΚΠ
1881 Nature 5 May 21/2 Method of de-electrifying woollen yarn.
de-electrization n.
Brit. /ˌdiːᵻˌlɛktrʌɪˈzeɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌdiəˌlɛktrəˈzeɪʃən/
,
/ˌdiəˌlɛkˌtraɪˈzeɪʃən/
ΚΠ
1824 Mechanics' Mag. No. 61. 77 By following up the means which produced it, namely, by de-electrization.
de-electrize v.
Brit. /ˌdiːᵻˈlɛktrʌɪz/
,
U.S. /ˌdiəˈlɛkˌtraɪz/
ΚΠ
1824 Mechanics' Mag. No. 61. 77 Might not steam be further de-electrized?
defeudalize v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈfjuːdl̩ʌɪz/
,
U.S. /diˈfjudlˌaɪz/
deflexionization n.
Brit. /diːˌflɛkʃn̩ʌɪˈzeɪʃn/
,
/ˌdiːflɛkʃn̩ʌɪˈzeɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌdiˌflɛkʃənəˈzeɪʃən/
,
/ˌdiˌflɛkʃəˌnaɪˈzeɪʃən/
deflexionize v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈflɛkʃənʌɪz/
,
/(ˌ)diːˈflɛkʃn̩ʌɪz/
,
U.S. /diˈflɛkʃəˌnaɪz/
deflexionized adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈflɛkʃənʌɪzd/
,
/(ˌ)diːˈflɛkʃn̩ʌɪzd/
,
U.S. /diˈflɛkʃəˌnaɪzd/
ΚΠ
1879 J. Earle Philol. Eng. Tongue (ed. 3) vii. 418 Deflectionized languages are said to be Analytic.
deformalize v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈfɔːməlʌɪz/
,
/(ˌ)diːˈfɔːml̩ʌɪz/
,
U.S. /diˈfɔrməˌlaɪz/
deformalizing n.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈfɔːməlʌɪzɪŋ/
,
/(ˌ)diːˈfɔːml̩ʌɪzɪŋ/
,
U.S. /diˈfɔrməˌlaɪzɪŋ/
ΚΠ
1880 R. G. White Every-day Eng. 275 This deformalizing of the English language.
defortify v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈfɔːtᵻfʌɪ/
,
U.S. /diˈfɔrdəˌfaɪ/
ΚΠ
1877 P. Thomson in Bible Students' Aids 146 Antiochus defortifies the Temple.
deganglionate v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈɡaŋɡlɪəneɪt/
,
U.S. /diˈɡæŋɡliəˌneɪt/
deganglionated adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈɡaŋɡlɪəneɪtᵻd/
,
U.S. /diˈɡæŋɡliəˌneɪdᵻd/
ΚΠ
1885 G. J. Romanes Jelly-fish 180 The deganglionated tissue.
degeneralize v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈdʒɛn(ə)rəlʌɪzɪŋ/
,
/(ˌ)diːˈdʒɛn(ə)rl̩ʌɪzɪŋ/
,
U.S. /diˈdʒɛn(ə)rəˌlaɪz/
ΚΠ
1864 Reader 23 Apr. 511/3 It may be within the compass of critical science to degeneralize portions of it into the suggesting particulars.
degentilize v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈdʒɛntl̩ʌɪz/
,
/(ˌ)diːˈdʒɛntəlʌɪz/
,
U.S. /diˈdʒɛn(t)lˌaɪzɪŋ/
degentilizing adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈdʒɛntl̩ʌɪzɪŋ/
,
/(ˌ)diːˈdʒɛntəlʌɪzɪŋ/
,
U.S. /diˈdʒɛn(t)lˌaɪzɪŋ/
ΚΠ
1839 New Monthly Mag. 56 454 The degentilizing distinction above mentioned.
degermanize v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈdʒəːmənʌɪz/
,
U.S. /diˈdʒərməˌnaɪz/
ΚΠ
1892 Pall Mall Gaz. 7 Sept. 6/1 His theory is that Germany is being fast de-Germanized.
deheathenize v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈhiːðn̩ʌɪz/
,
/(ˌ)diːˈhiːðənʌɪz/
,
U.S. /diˈhiðəˌnaɪz/
ΚΠ
1893 Chicago Advance 31 Aug. The vast student-world was being de-heathenized.
dehellenization n.
Brit. /ˌdiːhɛlᵻnʌɪˈzeɪʃn/
,
/diːˌhɛlᵻnʌɪˈzeɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌdiˌhɛlənəˈzeɪʃən/
,
/ˌdiˌhɛləˌnaɪˈzeɪʃən/
ΚΠ
1866 Pall Mall Gaz. 8 Oct. 10 The urban population..is..in the process of de-Hellenization.
dehellenize v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈhɛlᵻnʌɪz/
,
U.S. /diˈhɛləˌnaɪz/
ΚΠ
1866 Pall Mall Gaz. 8 Oct. 10 The urban population..is either thoroughly de-Hellenized, or is in the process of de-Hellenization.
dehistoricize v.
Brit. /ˌdiːhɪˈstɒrᵻsʌɪz/
,
U.S. /ˌdihɪˈstɔrəˌsaɪz/
ΚΠ
1865 W. Kay Crisis Hupfeldiana 27 Their attempts to de-historicize..the oldest and most venerable document of human history.
de-idealize v.
Brit. /ˌdiːʌɪˈdɪəlʌɪz/
,
/ˌdiːʌɪˈdiːəlʌɪz/
,
U.S. /ˌdiˌaɪˈdi(ə)ˌlaɪz/
ΚΠ
1865 J. Grote Treat. Moral Ideals (1876) vii. 93 The notion..was very early de-idealized or positivized.
de-idealized adj.
Brit. /ˌdiːʌɪˈdɪəlʌɪzd/
,
/ˌdiːʌɪˈdiːəlʌɪzd/
,
U.S. /ˌdiˌaɪˈdi(ə)ˌlaɪzd/
de-idealizing n.
Brit. /ˌdiːʌɪˈdɪəlʌɪzɪŋ/
,
/ˌdiːʌɪˈdiːəlʌɪzɪŋ/
,
U.S. /ˌdiˌaɪˈdi(ə)ˌlaɪzɪŋ/
ΚΠ
1890 W. S. Lilly Right & Wrong 226 The fine arts, as they exist among us, bear witness..to the deidealising of life.
de-individualization n.
Brit. /ˌdiːɪndᵻˌvɪdʒʊəlʌɪˈzeɪʃn/
,
/ˌdiːɪndᵻˌvɪdʒᵿlʌɪˈzeɪʃn/
,
/ˌdiːɪndᵻˌvɪdjʊəlʌɪˈzeɪʃn/
,
/ˌdiːɪndᵻˌvɪdjᵿlʌɪˈzeɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌdiˌɪndəˌvɪdʒ(ə)wələˈzeɪʃən/
,
/ˌdiˌɪndəˌvɪdʒ(ə)wəˌlaɪˈzeɪʃən/
,
/ˌdiˌɪndəˌvɪdʒələˈzeɪʃən/
,
/ˌdiˌɪndəˌvɪdʒəˌlaɪˈzeɪʃən/
ΚΠ
a1866 J. Grote Exam. Utilit. Philos. (1870) v. 94 The growth of virtue is a gradual deindividualization of men.
de-individualize v.
Brit. /ˌdiːɪndᵻˈvɪdʒʊəlʌɪz/
,
/ˌdiːɪndᵻˈvɪdʒᵿlʌɪz/
,
/ˌdiːɪndᵻˈvɪdjʊəlʌɪz/
,
/ˌdiːɪndᵻˈvɪdjᵿlʌɪz/
,
U.S. /ˌdiˌɪndəˈvɪdʒ(ə)wəˌlaɪz/
,
/ˌdiˌɪndəˈvɪdʒəˌlaɪz/
ΚΠ
a1866 J. Grote Exam. Utilit. Philos. (1870) v. 94 Reason binds men together, and, if we may so speak, deindividualizes them.
de-individuate n.
Brit. /ˌdiːɪndᵻˈvɪdʒʊeɪt/
,
/ˌdiːɪndᵻˈvɪdjʊeɪt/
,
U.S. /ˌdiɪndəˈvɪdʒʊˌeɪt/
ΚΠ
1880 A. M. Fairbairn Stud. Life Christ (1881) xv. 262 Men deindividuated are almost dehumanised.
de-industrialization n.
Brit. /ˌdiːɪndʌstrɪəlʌɪˈzeɪʃn/
,
/diːɪnˌdʌstrɪəlʌɪˈzeɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌdiɪnˌdəstriələˈzeɪʃən/
,
/ˌdiɪnˌdəstriəˌlaɪˈzeɪʃən/
ΚΠ
1940 Economist 23 Nov. 634/2 Their [sc. the Germans'] plan is to create just one more economic vassal, and in sponsoring the movement for ‘de-industrialisation’ the Vichy Government have stupidly..given their backing to that plan.
1979 Daily Tel. 13 Dec. 21 The accelerated rundown of British Steel has disturbing implications about the future health of manufacturing industry and the process of ‘de-industrialisation’ that is now the vogue Whitehall phrase.
de-industrialize v.
Brit. /ˌdiːɪnˈdʌstrɪəlʌɪz/
,
U.S. /ˌdiɪnˈdəstriəˌlaɪz/
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > [verb (transitive)] > reverse or renew industrializing process
de-industrialize1882
reindustrialize1922
1882 B. Leighton in Standard 5 May To de-industrialize the population.
1972 National Geographic Sept. 359/2 If man were enlightened..he would deindustrialize many areas of the Connecticut Valley.
de-industrialized adj.
Brit. /ˌdiːɪnˈdʌstrɪəlʌɪzd/
,
U.S. /ˌdiɪnˈdəstriəˌlaɪzd/
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > industry > [adjective] > industrialized > having reversed industrializing process
de-industrialized1940
1940 Economist 23 Nov. 634/1 The ‘new European order’, in which de-industrialised France is to be reduced to an agricultural hinterland of the Reich.
de-industrializer n.
Brit. /ˌdiːɪnˈdʌstrɪəlʌɪzə/
,
U.S. /ˌdiɪnˈdəstriəˌlaɪzər/
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > worker > enthusiast for technology > [noun] > one who reverses industrializing process
de-industrializer1985
1985 Inc. Apr. 36/1 I began to realize that there were lots of people out there with axes to grind—the small-business camp, the big-business camp, the deindustrializers and the reindustrializers, [etc.].
de-insularize v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈɪnsjᵿlərʌɪz/
,
U.S. /diˈɪns(j)ələˌraɪz/
ΚΠ
1882 Daily Tel. 2 June In the face of the tunnel that is to de-insularise us.
de-integrate v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈɪntᵻɡreɪt/
,
U.S. /diˈɪn(t)əˌɡreɪt/
de-intellectualize v.
Brit. /ˌdiːɪntᵻˈlɛktʃʊəlʌɪz/
,
/ˌdiːɪntᵻˈlɛktʃᵿlʌɪz/
,
/ˌdiːɪntᵻˈlɛktjʊəlʌɪz/
,
/ˌdiːɪntᵻˈlɛktjᵿlʌɪz/
,
U.S. /ˌdiˌɪn(t)əˈlɛk(t)ʃ(əw)əˌlaɪz/
ΚΠ
1861 W. Bagehot Biogr. Ess. (1881) 142 Years of acquiescing..usually de-intellectualise a parliamentary statesman before he comes to half his power.
de-intellectualized adj.
Brit. /ˌdiːɪntᵻˈlɛktʃʊəlʌɪzd/
,
/ˌdiːɪntᵻˈlɛktʃᵿlʌɪzd/
,
/ˌdiːɪntᵻˈlɛktjʊəlʌɪzd/
,
/ˌdiːɪntᵻˈlɛktjᵿlʌɪzd/
,
U.S. /ˌdiˌɪn(t)əˈlɛk(t)ʃ(əw)əˌlaɪzd/
de-intellectualizing adj.
Brit. /ˌdiːɪntᵻˈlɛktʃʊəlʌɪzɪŋ/
,
/ˌdiːɪntᵻˈlɛktʃᵿlʌɪzɪŋ/
,
/ˌdiːɪntᵻˈlɛktjʊəlʌɪzɪŋ/
,
/ˌdiːɪntᵻˈlɛktjᵿlʌɪzɪŋ/
,
U.S. /ˌdiˌɪn(t)əˈlɛk(t)ʃ(əw)əˌlaɪzɪŋ/
ΚΠ
1891 E. A. Abbott Philomythus 129 The de-intellectualising influence of this resolute faith in miracles.
de-italianize v.
Brit. /ˌdiːᵻˈtalɪənʌɪz/
,
/ˌdiːᵻˈtaljənʌɪz/
,
U.S. /ˌdiəˈtæljəˌnaɪz/
ΚΠ
1889 Pall Mall Gaz. 16 Oct. 2/2 The possibility of first de-Italianising the Sacred College.
1889 Pall Mall Gaz. 13 Nov. 2/2 The de-Italianizing of the Church.
dejansenize v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈdʒansənʌɪz/
,
/(ˌ)diːˈdʒansn̩ʌɪz/
,
U.S. /diˈdʒænsəˌnaɪz/
ΚΠ
1832Dejansenizing [see decalvinize vb.].
dejunkerize v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈdʒʌŋkərʌɪz/
,
U.S. /diˈdʒəŋkəˌraɪz/
ΚΠ
1866 Pall Mall Gaz. 13 Aug. 3 Will a junker be allowed to dejunkerize himself.
delatinization n.
Brit. /diːˌlatɪnʌɪˈzeɪʃn/
,
/ˌdiːlatɪnʌɪˈzeɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌdiˌlætn̩əˈzeɪʃən/
,
/ˌdiˌlætnˌaɪˈzeɪʃən/
ΚΠ
1883 Spectator 27 Jan. 126 A certain amount of delatinisation and some simplification of phraseological structure.
delatinize v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈlatɪnʌɪz/
,
U.S. /diˈlætnˌaɪz/
delatinized adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈlatɪnʌɪzd/
,
U.S. /diˈlætnˌaɪzd/
delegitimization n.
Brit. /ˌdiːlᵻdʒɪtᵻmʌɪˈzeɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌdiləˌdʒɪdəməˈzeɪʃən/
,
/ˌdiləˌdʒɪdəˌmaɪˈzeɪʃən/
ΘΚΠ
society > law > rule of law > illegality > [noun] > making illegal
delegitimization1981
1981 Church Times 4 Dec. 1/2 The report recommends that the Churches should urgently consider ‘the delegitimisation of the production, possession and use of nuclear weapons as a crime against humanity’.
1983 MacNeil/Lehrer Newshour 23 Dec. UNESCO..has become..highly discriminatory against Israel, for example — it's where the delegitimization campaign against Israel first got under way.
delegitimize v.
Brit. /ˌdiːlᵻˈdʒɪtᵻmʌɪz/
,
U.S. /ˌdiləˈdʒɪdəˌmaɪz/
ΘΚΠ
society > law > rule of law > illegality > render illegal [verb (transitive)]
illegalize1818
delegitimize1969
1969 C. Davidson in A. Cockburn & R. Blackburn Student Power 349 People will not move against institutions of power until the legitimizing authority has been stripped away... And we should be forewarned; it is a tricky job and often can backfire, de-legitimizing us.
1984 Listener 2 Feb. 9/3 Terrorism is something of a catch-all category in official thinking, used to de-legitimise a variety of enemies.
deliberalize v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈlɪb(ə)rəlʌɪz/
,
/(ˌ)diːˈlɪb(ə)rl̩ʌɪz/
,
U.S. /diˈlɪb(ə)rəˌlaɪz/
ΚΠ
1835 Tait's Edinb. Mag. New Ser. 2 461 To deliberalize the principles of the youthful patriot.
delimitize v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈlɪmᵻtʌɪz/
,
U.S. /diˈlɪmᵻˌtaɪz/
ΚΠ
1887 E. Gurney Tertium Quid II. 194 Further liberalising and delimitising the conditions of poetic appreciation.
delocalize v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈləʊkəlʌɪz/
,
/(ˌ)diːˈləʊkl̩ʌɪz/
,
U.S. /diˈloʊkəˌlaɪz/
demartialize v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈmɑːʃl̩ʌɪz/
,
/(ˌ)diːˈmɑːʃəlʌɪz/
,
U.S. /diˈmɑrʃəˌlaɪz/
dementholize v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈmɛnθəlʌɪz/
,
U.S. /diˈmɛnθəˌlaɪz/
dementholized adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈmɛnθəlʌɪzd/
,
U.S. /diˈmɛnθəˌlaɪzd/
ΚΠ
1881 Ohio State Jrnl. 29 Jan. Worthless dementholized oil.
demetallize v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈmɛtl̩ʌɪz/
,
U.S. /diˈmɛdlˌaɪz/
ΚΠ
1755 J. Huxham in Philos. Trans. 1754 (Royal Soc.) 48 861 Tin and copper..are reduced to ashes, and demetallized.
demetricize v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈmɛtrᵻsʌɪz/
,
U.S. /diˈmɛtrəˌsaɪz/
ΚΠ
1883 Athenæum 28 July 104/2 That passage..should..be forthwith demetricized and turned into honest prose.
denarcotize v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈnɑːkətʌɪz/
,
U.S. /diˈnɑrkəˌtaɪz/
ΚΠ
1829 J. Togno & E. Durand tr. H. Milne-Edwards & P. Vavasseur Man. Materia Medica viii. 322 The denarcotized opium.
denucleate v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈnjuːklɪeɪt/
,
U.S. /diˈn(j)ukliˌeɪt/
denucleated adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈnjuːklɪeɪtᵻd/
,
U.S. /diˈn(j)ukliˌeɪdᵻd/
ΚΠ
1892 E. B. Poulton & Shipley tr. Weismann's Heredity II. 92 Boveri..succeeded in rearing such denucleated eggs by the introduction of spermatozoa.
de-organization n.
Brit. /ˌdiːɔːɡənəˈzeɪʃn/
,
/diːˌɔːɡənəˈzeɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌdiˌɔrɡənəˈzeɪʃən/
,
/ˌdiˌɔrɡəˌnaɪˈzeɪʃən/
de-organize v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈɔːɡənʌɪz/
,
/(ˌ)diːˈɔːɡn̩ʌɪz/
,
U.S. /diˈɔrɡəˌnaɪz/
de-orientalize v.
Brit. /ˌdiːɔːrɪˈɛntl̩ʌɪz/
,
/diːˌɔːrɪˈɛntl̩ʌɪz/
,
/ˌdiːɒrɪˈɛntl̩ʌɪz/
,
/diːˌɒrɪˈɛntl̩ʌɪz/
,
U.S. /ˌdiˌɔriˈɛn(t)lˌaɪz/
ΚΠ
1864 Homeward Mail 17 Oct. 901 The tendency..is to de-orientalize the European mind in India.
1881 Athenæum 9 July 42/3 Glimpses of Anglo-Indian life before it became de-Orientalized.
de-ossification n.
Brit. /ˌdiːɒsᵻfᵻˈkeɪʃn/
,
/diːˌɒsᵻfᵻˈkeɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌdiˌɑsəfəˈkeɪʃən/
de-ossify v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈɒsᵻfʌɪ/
,
U.S. /diˈɑsəˌfaɪ/
de-ozonization n.
Brit. /diːˌəʊzə(ʊ)nʌɪˈzeɪʃn/
,
/ˌdiːəʊzə(ʊ)nʌɪˈzeɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌdiˌoʊzənəˈzeɪʃən/
,
/ˌdiˌoʊzəˌnaɪˈzeɪʃən/
ΚΠ
1873 C. B. Fox Ozone 95 The deozonisation of air passing over densely populated towns.
de-ozonize v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈəʊzə(ʊ)nʌɪz/
,
U.S. /diˈoʊˌzoʊˌnaɪz/
ΚΠ
1874 W. A. Miller Elements Chem. (ed. 5) II. §341 Ozonized air is also deozonized by transmission over cold manganese dioxide.
depaganize v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈpeɪɡənʌɪz/
,
/(ˌ)diːˈpeɪɡn̩ʌɪz/
,
U.S. /diˈpeɪɡəˌnaɪz/
ΚΠ
1858 T. De Quincey Protestantism (rev. ed.) in Select. Grave & Gay VIII. 156 Rome, it was found, could not be depaganised.
depaganized adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈpeɪɡənʌɪzd/
,
/(ˌ)diːˈpeɪɡn̩ʌɪzd/
,
U.S. /diˈpeɪɡəˌnaɪzd/
ΚΠ
1859 Lit. Churchman 5 332/1 Among the slowly depaganized people.
depantheonize v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈpanθɪənʌɪz/
,
U.S. /diˈpænθiəˌnaɪz/
ΚΠ
1892 Harper's Mag. Sept. 629/2 The bones of Mirabeau..were carried in great pomp to the Pantheon in 1791; and were depantheonized..a year or two later.
departizanize v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈpɑːtᵻzn̩ʌɪz/
,
U.S. /diˈpɑrdəz(ə)nˌaɪz/
ΚΠ
1885 American 9 198 To departizanize the public service.
dephilosophize v.
Brit. /ˌdiːfᵻˈlɒsəfʌɪz/
,
U.S. /ˌdifəˈlɑsəˌfaɪz/
ΚΠ
1872 Contemp. Rev. 20 831 To press philosophy into its service is to dephilosophize it.
dephysicalization v.
Brit. /ˌdiːfɪzᵻkl̩ʌɪˈzeɪʃn/
,
/ˌdiːfɪzᵻkəlʌɪˈzeɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌdiˌfɪzəkələˈzeɪʃən/
,
/ˌdiˌfɪzəkəˌlaɪˈzeɪʃən/
ΚΠ
1872 S. Butler Erewhon xi. 99 A time of universal dephysicalisation would ensue.
dephysicalize v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈfɪzᵻkəlʌɪz/
,
/(ˌ)diːˈfɪzᵻkl̩ʌɪz/
,
U.S. /diˈfɪzəkəˌlaɪz/
depiedmontize v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈpiːdmɒntʌɪz/
,
U.S. /diˈpidˌmɑnˌtaɪz/
ΚΠ
1862 Sat. Rev. 13 21/2 The work is resumed..in the Italian language..as a means for depiedmontizing the author's style.
depoliticalize v.
Brit. /ˌdiːpəˈlɪtᵻkl̩ʌɪz/
,
U.S. /ˌdipəˈlɪdᵻkəˌlaɪz/
ΘΚΠ
society > authority > rule or government > politics > engage in politics [verb (transitive)] > remove from sphere of politics
depoliticalize1859
depoliticize1960
1859 Sat. Rev. 8 573/2 Dr. Cullen has really..de-politicalized the Irish priesthood.
depriorize v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈprʌɪərʌɪz/
,
U.S. /diˈpraɪəˌraɪz/
ΚΠ
1860 A. De Morgan Let. 18 Dec. in R. P. Graves Life Sir W. R. Hamilton (1889) III. 562 You cannot give him, or let him take, any licence which can damage or de-priorise anything you choose to write on your own subject.
deprofessionalize v.
Brit. /ˌdiːprəˈfɛʃn̩l̩ʌɪz/
,
/ˌdiːprəˈfɛʃ(ə)nəlʌɪz/
,
U.S. /ˌdiprəˈfɛʃənlˌaɪz/
,
/ˌdiproʊˈfɛʃənlˌaɪz/
,
/ˌdiprəˈfɛʃnəˌlaɪz/
,
/ˌdiproʊˈfɛʃnəˌlaɪz/
ΚΠ
1884 St. James's Gaz. 22 Mar. 4/1 It helps to some extent..to ‘deprofessionalize’ the English clergy.
deprotestantize v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈprɒtᵻst(ə)ntʌɪz/
,
U.S. /diˈprɑdəst(ə)nˌtaɪz/
ΚΠ
1888 Missionary Herald (Boston) Oct. 442 To deprotestantize the nation.
deprovincialize v.
Brit. /ˌdiːprəˈvɪnʃl̩ʌɪz/
,
/ˌdiːprəˈvɪnʃəlʌɪz/
,
U.S. /ˌdiprəˈvɪn(t)ʃəˌlaɪz/
ΚΠ
1861 O. W. Holmes in Atlantic Monthly Sept. 350/1 The camp is deprovincializing us very fast.
1865 J. R. Lowell New Eng. Two Cent. Ago in Prose Wks. (1890) II. 12 Commerce is deprovincializing the minds of those engaged in it.
derabbinization n.
Brit. /ˌdiːrabᵻnʌɪˈzeɪʃn/
,
/diːˌrabᵻnʌɪˈzeɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌdiˌræbənəˈzeɪʃən/
,
/ˌdiˌræbəˌnaɪˈzeɪʃən/
ΚΠ
1891 Rev. of Reviews 15 Sept. 267/1 The derabbinisation is far advanced.
derabbinize v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈrabᵻnʌɪz/
,
U.S. /diˈræbəˌnaɪz/
ΚΠ
1891 Rev. of Reviews 15 Sept. 267/1 The Jews must be derabbinised and denationalised.
dereligionize v.
Brit. /ˌdiːrᵻˈlɪdʒənʌɪz/
,
/ˌdiːrᵻˈlɪdʒn̩ʌɪz/
,
U.S. /ˌdirəˈlɪdʒəˌnaɪz/
,
/ˌdiriˈlɪdʒəˌnaɪz/
ΚΠ
1879 W. H. Mallock Is Life Worth Living? 64 To de-religionize life, then, it is not enough to condemn creeds and to abolish prayers.
dereligionized adj.
Brit. /ˌdiːrᵻˈlɪdʒənʌɪzd/
,
/ˌdiːrᵻˈlɪdʒn̩ʌɪzd/
,
U.S. /ˌdirəˈlɪdʒəˌnaɪzd/
,
/ˌdiriˈlɪdʒəˌnaɪzd/
ΚΠ
1878Dereligionized [see dedogmatized adj.].
dereligionizing adj.
Brit. /ˌdiːrᵻˈlɪdʒənʌɪzɪŋ/
,
/ˌdiːrᵻˈlɪdʒn̩ʌɪzɪŋ/
,
U.S. /ˌdirəˈlɪdʒəˌnaɪzɪŋ/
,
/ˌdiriˈlɪdʒəˌnaɪzɪŋ/
ΚΠ
1879 W. H. Mallock Is Life Worth Living? 136 The gradual de-religionizing of life.
deruralize v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈrʊərəlʌɪz/
,
/(ˌ)diːˈrʊərl̩ʌɪz/
,
U.S. /diˈrʊrəˌlaɪz/
ΚΠ
1888 H. F. Lester Hartas Maturin I. i. 7 The gradual process of deruralizing his townlet.
1890 Daily News 19 Nov. 2/5 He hoped the Council would not entirely ‘de-ruralise’ the park.
desaxonize v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈsaksn̩ʌɪz/
,
U.S. /diˈsæksəˌnaɪz/
ΚΠ
1870 J. R. Lowell Cathedral 16 A brain desaxonized.
desemiticize v.
Brit. /ˌdiːsᵻˈmɪtᵻsʌɪz/
,
U.S. /ˌdisəˈmɪdəˌsaɪz/
ΚΠ
1892 W. Watson in Bookman Oct. 23/1 Grotesque efforts to get inside the English character and de-Semiticise his own.
desentimentalize v.
Brit. /ˌdiːsɛntᵻˈmɛntl̩ʌɪz/
,
/ˌdiːsɛntᵻˈmɛntəlʌɪz/
,
U.S. /ˌdiˌsɛn(t)əˈmɛn(t)lˌaɪz/
desentimentalized adj.
Brit. /ˌdiːsɛntᵻˈmɛntl̩ʌɪzd/
,
/ˌdiːsɛntᵻˈmɛntəlʌɪzd/
,
U.S. /ˌdiˌsɛn(t)əˈmɛn(t)lˌaɪzd/
ΚΠ
1882 H. D. Traill Sterne vi. 88 That thoroughly desentimentalized ‘domestic interior’.
deskeletonize v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈskɛlᵻtn̩ʌɪz/
,
/(ˌ)diːˈskɛlᵻtənʌɪz/
,
U.S. /diˈskɛlətnˌaɪz/
to rid of its skeleton.
ΚΠ
1886 Blackwood's Mag. 111 747 She..deskeletonized the wretched closet with unsparing dexterity.
desocialization n.
Brit. /ˌdiːsəʊʃəlʌɪˈzeɪʃn/
,
/diːˌsəʊʃəlʌɪˈzeɪʃn/
,
/ˌdiːsəʊʃl̩ʌɪˈzeɪʃn/
,
/diːˌsəʊʃl̩ʌɪˈzeɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌdiˌsoʊʃələˈzeɪʃən/
,
/ˌdiˌsoʊʃəˌlaɪˈzeɪʃən/
ΚΠ
1883 H. Maudsley Body & Will iii. iii. 258 Demoralization following desocialization.
desocialize v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈsəʊʃəlʌɪz/
,
/(ˌ)diːˈsəʊʃl̩ʌɪz/
,
U.S. /diˈsoʊʃəˌlaɪz/
ΚΠ
1889 Harper's Mag. June 102/1 The way in which darkness isolates and desocializes the citizen.
desupernaturalize v.
Brit. /ˌdiːsuːpəˈnatʃ(ə)rəlʌɪz/
,
/ˌdiːsjuːpəˈnatʃ(ə)rəlʌɪz/
,
U.S. /ˌdiˌsupərˈnætʃ(ə)rəˌlaɪz/
ΚΠ
1885 Pall Mall Gaz. 3 Sept. 5/2 He will steep himself to the lips in falsehood sooner than allow it to be desupernaturalized.
detarantulization n.
Brit. /ˌdiːtərantʃᵿlʌɪˈzeɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌditəˌræn(t)ʃəˌlaɪˈzeɪʃən/
ΚΠ
1836 Tait's Edinb. Mag. New Ser. 3 168 The singular ceremony of ‘de-tarantulization’ (since a word must needs be coined).
detarantulize v.
Brit. /ˌdiːtəˈrantʃᵿlʌɪz/
,
U.S. /ˌditəˈræn(t)ʃəˌlaɪz/
detheorize v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈθɪərʌɪz/
,
U.S. /diˈθiəˌraɪz/
,
/diˈθɪˌraɪz/
to divest of theories.
detheorized adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈθɪərʌɪzd/
,
U.S. /diˈθiəˌraɪzd/
,
/diˈθɪˌraɪzd/
ΚΠ
1883 A. B. Edwards in Academy 10 Nov. 309/2 A de-theorised American.
devolatilize v.
Brit. /ˌdiːvəˈlatᵻlʌɪz/
,
/(ˌ)diːˈvɒlətᵻlʌɪz/
,
U.S. /diˈvɑlədlˌaɪz/
ΚΠ
1868 Birm. Jrnl. Sept. 12 The oil..has been devolatilised, so that all danger of explosion is annihilated.
b. Less frequently verbs (and their derivatives) are formed by prefixing de- to a noun (cf. Latin dēfāmāre, French défroquer), with the senses:
(a) To deprive, divest, free from, or rid of the thing in question. See also debowel v. (1375). (Some of these have forms in dis- prefix, which is the usual prefix for words of this type.)
(i)
deflesh v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈflɛʃ/
,
U.S. /diˈflɛʃ/
ΚΠ
1837–40 T. C. Haliburton Clockmaker I. 76 He was teetotally defleshed, a mere walking skeleton.
defoliage v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈfəʊlɪɪdʒ/
,
U.S. /diˈfoʊl(i)ɪdʒ/
ΚΠ
1831 R. Huish Mem. George IV I. 57 The lovely rosebud fell defoliaged.
1879 Scribner's Monthly July 402 They..completely defoliage the trees.
deglaze v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈɡleɪz/
,
U.S. /diˈɡleɪz/
deglycerin v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈɡlɪs(ə)rɪn/
,
U.S. /diˈɡlɪsərən/
,
/diˈɡlɪsrᵻn/
ΚΠ
1885 W. L. Carpenter Treat. Manuf. Soap 151 The French process..for deglycerining neutral fats.
dehandle v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈhandl/
,
U.S. /diˈhænd(ə)l/
ΚΠ
1893 in Chicago Advance 9 Mar. She had broken the cover of a tureen, and dehandled a china pitcher.
delawn v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈlɔːn/
,
U.S. /diˈlɔn/
,
/diˈlɑn/
ΚΠ
1726 N. Amhurst Terræ-filius (ed. 2) xxxix. 215 The bishop ought to be de-lawn'd.
† demast v. Obsolete
ΚΠ
1666 London Gaz. No. 89/4 Very little damage, besides the demasting of one Fireship.
demiracle v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈmɪrᵻkl/
,
U.S. /diˈmɪrᵻk(ə)l/
ΚΠ
1884 Ld. Tennyson Becket iii. iii. 137 For as to the fish, they de-miracled the miraculous draught, and might have sunk a navy.
demonastery v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈmɒnəst(ə)ri/
,
U.S. /diˈmɑnəˌstɛri/
ΚΠ
c1808 Ld. Byron Occas. Pieces xvi. (note) Some..monk of the abbey, about the time it was demonasteried.
† depark v. Obsolete
ΚΠ
1699 B. E. New Dict. Canting Crew Whet-stones-park, a Lane..fam'd for a Nest of Wenches, now de-park'd.
deprivilege v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈprɪv(ᵻ)lɪdʒ/
,
/(ˌ)diːˈprɪvl̩ɪdʒ/
,
U.S. /diˈprɪv(ə)lɪdʒ/
ΘΚΠ
society > morality > dueness or propriety > moral impropriety > be morally improper for [verb (transitive)] > lose the right to > take a right away from
unrightc1449
derogate1541
disfranchise1581
disprivilegea1617
disqualify1732
deprivilege1979
1979 Times 27 Nov. 2/7 Headings of his document included ‘Investigate and publicize restrictive labour practices’..‘Deprivilege (sic) the Civil Service’.
1986 Times 26 Apr. 8/7 The government believes there is..a connection between legislation to deprivilege unions and macro-economic improvement.
deprotestant v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈprɒtᵻst(ə)nt/
,
U.S. /diˈprɑdəst(ə)nt/
ΚΠ
1890 Guardian 5 Nov. 1745/2 The result..is, to use the phrase of The Times, the ‘deprotestanting’ of the greater part of Ireland.
detenant v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈtɛnənt/
,
U.S. /diˈtɛnənt/
ΚΠ
1883 C. A. Cameron in Pall Mall Gaz. 4 Dec. 1/2 Many unsanitary houses have been detenanted.
† detruth v. Obsolete
ΚΠ
1647 N. Ward Simple Cobler Aggawam 67 He feares there is Truth in them: Could he de-truth them all, he would defie them all.
(ii)
depetticoated adj.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈpɛtᵻkəʊtᵻd/
,
U.S. /diˈpɛdiˌkoʊdəd/
,
/diˈpɛdəˌkoʊdəd/
ΚΠ
1892 Chicago Advance 14 Jan. She is not a depetticoated virago, who wants to inaugurate a general swapping of sex.
dereligioned adj.
Brit. /ˌdiːrᵻˈlɪdʒ(ə)nd/
,
U.S. /ˌdirəˈlɪdʒ(ə)nd/
,
/ˌdiriˈlɪdʒ(ə)nd/
ΚΠ
1835 Athenæum 443 The demoralized, de-religioned invaders of privilege and property.
(iii)
de-legitimation n.
Brit. /ˌdiːlᵻdʒɪtᵻˈmeɪʃn/
,
U.S. /ˌdiləˌdʒɪdəˈmeɪʃən/
(b) To turn out of, dislodge or expel from; see also decourt v., dehusk v.
decart v.
Brit. /(ˌ)diːˈkɑːt/
,
U.S. /diˈkɑrt/
ΚΠ
1860 W. H. Russell My Diary in India 1858–9 I. 299 I completed my journey, and was safely decarted at the door of a substantial house.
† deparliament v. Obsolete
ΚΠ
1648 J. Goodwin Right & Might 19 The men deparliamented by the Army.
c. By an extension of use de- is sometimes prefixed to adjectives or substantives, as in debare v., decheerful adj., degalant adj., dedoctor n. (Cf. dis- prefix in discontent, dissatisfied, etc.)
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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