defeatismn.

Brit.

/dᵻˈfiːtɪz(ə)m/, U.S.

/dəˈfidɪz(ə)m/,

/diˈfidɪz(ə)m/

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: defeat n., -ism suffix.

Etymology: < defeat n. + -ism suffix, after French défaitisme (June 1917), itself after Russian poraženčestvo (16 April 1915 in a newspaper criticism of G. Aleksinskij, who had introduced the neologism poraženčeskij ‘defeatist’ in an article a few days earlier: see defeatist adj.). Compare German Defätismus (1918 as Defaitismus ; < French). Compare defeatist n., defeatist adj.

Behaviour or attitudes indicating that one expects defeat or failure, or that one is ready to accept it; defeatist behaviour or attitude.The term was first used during the First World War (1914–18) with reference to French prime minister Georges Clemenceau's criticism of fellow politician Joseph Caillaux. Caillaux advocated a negotiated peace, whilst Clemenceau wanted to prosecute the war to its conclusion (cf. jusqu'auboutisme n.). Equivalent Russian and French terms had been used earlier in the war with reference to various political positions: see etymology and C. Slater Defeatists & their Enemies (1981).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > fear > dismay > [noun] > defeatism

defeatism1917

the mind > emotion > fear > cowardice or pusillanimity > [noun] > yielding to the enemy

recreancy1602

unheroism1845

defeatism1917

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > despair, hopelessness > pessimism > [noun] > disposition to accept defeat

defeatism1917

1917 Times 17 Nov. 6/4 He [sc. Clemenceau] will regard the suppression of ‘defeatism’ as an essential preliminary to victory.

1918 Observer 9 June 6/4 Irish Nationalists will henceforth support Pacifism, and that means defeatism.

1942 G. Hackforth-Jones One-one-one vi. 65 Defeatism..must be guarded against; it was as dangerous an attitude of mind as the twin-headed monsters of Complacency and Wishful Thinking.

1980 Yachting Dec. 72/3 American respect for the Europeans bordered on a strange kind of defeatism—while the U.S. sailors believed in their own tactical ability, they did not trust their boat speed.

2000 Times 5 Sept. i. 34/3 England's rise at West Indies' expense seems to mark a dramatic end to the culture of defeatism.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	defeatism
释义	defeatismn. Brit. /dᵻˈfiːtɪz(ə)m/, U.S. /dəˈfidɪz(ə)m/, /diˈfidɪz(ə)m/ Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: defeat n., -ism suffix. Etymology: < defeat n. + -ism suffix, after French défaitisme (June 1917), itself after Russian poraženčestvo (16 April 1915 in a newspaper criticism of G. Aleksinskij, who had introduced the neologism poraženčeskij ‘defeatist’ in an article a few days earlier: see defeatist adj.). Compare German Defätismus (1918 as Defaitismus ; < French). Compare defeatist n., defeatist adj. Behaviour or attitudes indicating that one expects defeat or failure, or that one is ready to accept it; defeatist behaviour or attitude.The term was first used during the First World War (1914–18) with reference to French prime minister Georges Clemenceau's criticism of fellow politician Joseph Caillaux. Caillaux advocated a negotiated peace, whilst Clemenceau wanted to prosecute the war to its conclusion (cf. jusqu'auboutisme n.). Equivalent Russian and French terms had been used earlier in the war with reference to various political positions: see etymology and C. Slater Defeatists & their Enemies (1981). ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > fear > dismay > [noun] > defeatism defeatism1917 the mind > emotion > fear > cowardice or pusillanimity > [noun] > yielding to the enemy recreancy1602 unheroism1845 defeatism1917 the mind > mental capacity > expectation > despair, hopelessness > pessimism > [noun] > disposition to accept defeat defeatism1917 1917 Times 17 Nov. 6/4 He [sc. Clemenceau] will regard the suppression of ‘defeatism’ as an essential preliminary to victory. 1918 Observer 9 June 6/4 Irish Nationalists will henceforth support Pacifism, and that means defeatism. 1942 G. Hackforth-Jones One-one-one vi. 65 Defeatism..must be guarded against; it was as dangerous an attitude of mind as the twin-headed monsters of Complacency and Wishful Thinking. 1980 Yachting Dec. 72/3 American respect for the Europeans bordered on a strange kind of defeatism—while the U.S. sailors believed in their own tactical ability, they did not trust their boat speed. 2000 Times 5 Sept. i. 34/3 England's rise at West Indies' expense seems to mark a dramatic end to the culture of defeatism. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2016; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1917
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