desolateadj.n.

/ˈdɛsələt/

Forms: Also Middle English desolaat, Middle English disolat, dissolate, Middle English–1500s desolat.

Etymology: < Latin dēsōlātus left alone, forsaken, deserted, past participle of dēsōlāre to leave alone, desert, < de- prefix 1c + sōlāre to make lonely, sōlus alone, lonely. The earliest uses were more or less participial.

A. adj.

I. As a past participle.

†1. Brought to desolation, laid waste (see desolate v.). Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > [adjective] > devastating > devastated

barec1305

waste1338

desolatea1382

yheryȝeda1440

wastedc1440

ruined1600

vastate1616

devasted1632

ravaged1657

divast1677

populated1747

devastated1813

a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Wisd. iv. 19 Vnto the heȝest thei shul ben desolat [L. desolabuntur].

c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Luke xi. 17 Euery rewme departide aȝens it silf, schal be desolat [L. desolabitur].

II. Adjectival uses.

2. Left alone, without companion, solitary, lonely.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > solitude or solitariness > [adjective] > left alone

outcasta1325

desolatec1386

lornc1475

destitute1530

widoweda1586

destituteda1680

marooned1883

waif-like1924

waifish1936

c1386 G. Chaucer Merchant's Tale 77 He which hath no wif..lyveth helples, and is al desolate.

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xxix. 596 Many a gentill lady be lefte wedowe, and many a gentill mayden dysolat.

1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. cci^v Leauyng the erle of Pembroke almoste desolate in the toune.

1657 A. Cokayne Obstinate Lady v. iv. 59 I should live a desolate life than e're the strictest Anchorite hath done.

1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xi. 85 A position more desolate than his had been can hardly be imagined.

1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola II. xxiv. 304 No soul is desolate as long as there is a human being for whom it can feel trust and reverence.

†3. Destitute or deprived of, lacking. Rarely with infinitive: Without means, quite unable to. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > possession > non-possession > [adjective] > devoid of something > lacking or without

wane971

quit?c1225

helpless1362

desolatec1386

wantsomea1400

ungirtc1412

voidc1420

wantinga1475

destitutea1500

unfurnished1541

defect1543

bankrupt1567

frustrate1576

wanting1580

wanting1592

sterile1642

minus1807

lacking1838

to be stuck up for1860

short1873

wanting1874

quits1885

light1936

c1386 G. Chaucer Man of Law's Tale 838 So yong, and of armure so desolate.

c1430 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes (1554) xi. i. 144 b John Bochas..dissolate To determine such heauenly-hid secrees.

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Ruth i. 5 The woman remayned desolate of both hir sonnes.

1544 Bk. Chyldren in T. Phaer tr. J. Goeurot Regiment of Lyfe (new ed.) sig. b.i^v The tender babes are oftentymes afflycted, and desolate of remedye.

1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. x. 500 By dissolute courses..leave themselves deservingly desolate, of Lands, Meanes, and Honesty.

1720 D. Defoe Life Capt. Singleton 143 The Place..was desolate of Inhabitants.

†4. Left without a king; kingless. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 248 The lordes..wolden save The regne, which was desolate.

1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) i. 40 The land vj ȝer & mayr perfay Lay desolat eftyr hys day.

5. Destitute of inhabitants; uninhabited, unpeopled, deserted.This sense and A. 6 are often combined in actual use.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > [adjective] > not

unbiggedc1175

desert1297

void1338

desolatec1374

unhabited1490

inhabitable?1529

disinhabit1530

depopulate1531

uninhabita1540

unpeopled1547

undwelta1557

uninhabited1571

dishabited1577

dispeopled1577

unhabit1580

disinhabited1600

desertful1601

unmanned1609

inhabited1614

peopleless1621

deserted1629

depopulated1632

unhabitated1648

unseated1662

desolated1693

unpopulous1715

unsettled1724

unpopulated1776

bandless1862

populationless1885

unlived-in1927

the world > space > place > absence > fact of being unoccupied > [adjective] > deserted

manlessOE

willc1330

void1338

desolatec1374

destitute1382

blouta1522

destituted1550

unmanned1609

lifeless1615

deserted1629

vaked1638

vacant1791

c1374 G. Chaucer Anelida & Arcite 62 So desolate stode Thebes and so bare.

c1450 J. Lydgate Compl. Lovers Life 167 He thus lay on the grounde in place desolate.

1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde i. ix. f. 42 Many Ilandes very fruitefull, yet lefte desolate.

1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 138 He allured out of Babilon sixe hundred thousand soules, so that the late triumphant Citie became halfe desolate.

1735 G. Berkeley Querist §418 Roads untrodden, fields untilled, houses desolate.

1887 C. Bowen tr. Virgil Æneid iv, in tr. Virgil in Eng. Verse 212 Desolate shores and abandoned ports.

6. Having the characteristics of a place deserted or uninhabited:

a. in ruinous state or neglected condition, laid waste.

b. without sign of life, bare of trees or herbage, barren.

c. dreary, dismal, cheerless.

ΘΚΠ

the world > the earth > land > landscape > wild or uncultivated land > [adjective]

westeeOE

wildc893

wastyc1230

wastec1290

untilled1297

void1398

wilsomea1400

desolate1413

wastablea1450

unlaboured1474

untilthed1495

spare1508

unmanured1541

unculted1548

uncultured1555

Hyrcan1567

untoiled1578

manureless1595

griggy1597

Wealdish1598

Hyrcanian1600

unwrought1600

wealy1601

uncultived1605

incult1624

unmanaged1634

incultivateda1657

uncultivate1659

uncultivated1684

unreclaimed1753

wildered1810

irreclaimed1814

natural1827

feral1882

1413 Pilgr. Sowle (1483) iii. i. 49 A derker place, the moost wretchyd and desolate that euer men come ynne.

1559 W. Cuningham Cosmogr. Glasse 195 Ninivie, a great Citie, but nowe desolate.

1650 H. Vaughan Silex Scintillans 78 With thy secret key Open my desolate rooms.

1779 Newton in R. Palmer Bk. of Praise 86 This land through which His pilgrims go Is desolate and dry.

1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby ii. 7 No man thinks of walking in this desolate place.

1847 G. P. R. James Convict ii There was a cheerless, desolate sound about it.

†d. Of the head: Bare of hair, bald. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

a1500 Lancelot of Laik (1870) 366 It semyth that of al his hed ye hore Of fallith and maid desolat.

7. Destitute of joy or comfort, like one bereft of friends or relatives; forlorn, disconsolate; overwhelmed with grief and misery, wretched.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > misery > [adjective]

armlyeOE

un-i-selieOE

unledeeOE

unseelyOE

armOE

wretcha1122

unselea1200

wretcheda1200

wretchlyc1200

misease?c1225

wanlichec1275

miseasyc1300

wansomea1325

simplec1330

wretchfula1382

wretchedful1382

caitiff1393

loddera1400

desolate14..

disconsolatea1425

meschant?1473

miserousc1475

miser1542

unvisited1548

tribulate1575

happiless1582

uncomforted1583

blisslessa1586

uncomfortless1598

miserablea1616

thrallfula1618

calamitous1668

tribulated1682

donsie?1719

unsolaced1796

mis1939

14.. Why I can't be a Nun 96 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 140 For now I am alle desolate, And of gode cownesayle destitute.

1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 60 Gyue confort to a desolate hert.

1598 B. Yong tr. J. de Montemayor Diana 73 Yet did Arsenius..leade the most sorrowfull and desolate life.

1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures xii. 36 Having heard what this desolate Queen said openly unto him.

1738 J. Wesley Coll. Psalms & Hymns (new ed.) cxxxvii. 5 O England's desolate Church.

1852 H. B. Stowe Uncle Tom's Cabin I. ix. 121 I must feed the hungry, clothe the naked, and comfort the desolate.

a1854 H. Reed Lect. Brit. Poets (1857) II. xiii. 129 That desolate craving after the departed.

†8. Destitute of good quality, evil, abandoned. (Sometimes apparently confounded with dissolute.) Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > dissolute conduct > [adjective]

unkind1340

desolatec1386

unthrifty1388

virtueless1402

unvirtuous1432

dissolutec1475

castaway?1542

bastardlyc1567

regenerate1596

perdite1625

profligate1627

deperdit1641

profligated1652

abandoned1690

society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > profligacy, dissoluteness, or debauchery > [adjective]

wild13..

desolatec1386

unthrifty1388

riotousc1405

resolute?a1475

palliard1484

dissolutea1513

royetous1526

sluttishc1555

rakehell1556

dissolutious1560

rakehelly1579

hell-raking1593

sportive1597

low1599

lavish1600

rakellyc1600

profligate1627

profligated1652

rantipole1660

abandoned1690

raking1696

rakish1696

dissipated1744

dissipating1818

outward1875

c1386 G. Chaucer Pardoner's Tale 270 A comun hasardour..ever the heyer he is of astaat The more is he holden desolaat.

1579 L. Tomson tr. J. Calvin Serm. Epist. S. Paule to Timothie & Titus 82/2 Nor glutton, nor thefe, nor man of wicked and desolate life.

1782 T. Vaughan Fashionable Follies (new ed.) I. 153 Unhappy men of desolate and abandoned principles.

B. n.

A desolate place or person.

ΚΠ

a1400–50 Alexander 4354 Duells here in disolatis, in dennes & in cauys.

1610 G. Fletcher Christs Victorie 26 A poore Desolate, That now had measur'd many a wearie mile.

1796 R. Southey Joan of Arc vi. 433 Travelling the trackless desolate.

Compounds

desolate-looking adj.

ΚΠ

1833 L. Ritchie Wanderings by Loire 78 The lonely and desolate-looking wanderer.

1872 H. I. Jenkinson Guide Eng. Lake District (1879) 154 The barren and desolate-looking valley..in front.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1895; most recently modified version published online September 2021).

desolatev.

/ˈdɛsəleɪt/

Etymology: < desolate adj., after Latin dēsōlāre, French désoler in same sense. Wyclif has only the past participle desolat (see desolate adj.), and desolatid, immediately < Latin dēsōlātus; by the help of these a passive voice was formed; the active to desolate (though implied in the past participle desolated) does not occur till much later; even in Palsgrave 1530, it is only a dictionary equivalent of French désoler, without example.

1. transitive. To deprive of inhabitants, depopulate.This sense and 2 are often combined in use.

ΘΚΠ

society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > population > make less populous [verb (transitive)]

desolate1382

dispeople1490

disinhabit1530

unpeoplea1533

depopulate1595

unfurnish1603

unpopulate1658

unstock1865

1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Ezek. xii. 19 That the loond be desolatid [L. desoletur] fro his multitude.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 514/1 I desolate..I make a countrey unhabyted, Je desole.

1603 R. Johnson tr. G. Botero Hist. Descr. Worlde 114 It is now by their ciuill dissentions almost desolated.

1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. v. 582 And desolate at once your populous Troy.

1875 C. Lyell & L. Lyell Princ. Geol. (ed. 12) II. ii. xxix. 140 As if the city had been desolated by the plague.

2. To devastate, lay waste; to make bare, barren, or unfit for habitation.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > devastate or lay waste (a place, etc.)

harryc893

fordoc900

awesteeOE

westeeOE

losec950

harrowc1000

destroyc1230

wastec1275

ravishc1325

to lie waste1338

exilea1382

to-wastea1382

unronea1400

desolatea1425

vast1434

fruster?a1513

to lay waste1535

wipe1535

devast1537

depopulate1548

populate1552

forwaste1563

ruinate1564

havoc1575

scourge1576

dispopulate1588

destitute1593

ravage1602

harassa1618

devastate1638

execute1679

to make stroy of1682

to lay in ashes1711

untown1783

hell-rake1830

uncity1850

a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Matt. xii. 25 Eche kingdom departid aȝens it silf, schal be desolatid [L. desolabitur].

1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie iii. ii. 71 b His countrie being desolated.

1606 G. W. tr. Justinus Hist. 104 a All his fortunes being desolated and as it were melted from him.

1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 115 Would quite desolate the Island, and starve them.

1796 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre Stud. Nature (1799) III. 441 The revolutions of Nature which had desolated France.

1868 J. H. Blunt Reformation Church of Eng. I. 299 To desolate the houses..of the monks and nuns by such plunder.

absolute.1796 R. Southey Joan of Arc i. 177 Thy bitter foes Rush o'er the land, and desolate, and kill.

3. To leave alone, forsake, abandon; to make desolate, deprive of companions or friends.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > solitude or solitariness > [verb (transitive)] > leave alone

to leave (a person) alonec1330

desolate1530

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 514/1 I desolate, I forsake one and leave hym comfortlesse..Je desole.

1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Bbb2^v He did desolate him, and won from him his dependances [i.e. adherents] .

1809 T. Campbell Gertrude of Wyoming i. xvii In vain the desolated panther flies.

†4. To turn out of, so as to leave without habitation. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > let or send out [verb (transitive)] > expel > specific people from a place, position, or possession > from a house or dwelling

unhousec1390

harryc1550

desolate1593

dishousec1595

uncastle1611

untenant1614

uncamp1670

dishome1882

rout1950

1593 T. Nashe Christs Teares f. 20^v A Tabernacle..which hee shall not be vndermined and desolated out of.

5. To make joyless and comfortless; to overwhelm with grief; to render wretched.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > misery > render miserable [verb (transitive)]

discomforta1398

wretcha1513

desolate1530

disconsolate1530

distress1586

unhappy1597

uncomfort1637

infelicitate1654

1530 [see sense 3].

1535 Bible (Coverdale) Dan. ix. C Beholde how we be desolated.

1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures lxxii. 292 Altogether desolated as he was in this last affliction.

1887 Spectator 3 Sept. 1176 Buoyed up by constantly renewed hope or desolated by continuous despair.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1895; most recently modified version published online December 2021).

单词	desolate
释义	desolateadj.n. /ˈdɛsələt/ Forms: Also Middle English desolaat, Middle English disolat, dissolate, Middle English–1500s desolat. Etymology: < Latin dēsōlātus left alone, forsaken, deserted, past participle of dēsōlāre to leave alone, desert, < de- prefix 1c + sōlāre to make lonely, sōlus alone, lonely. The earliest uses were more or less participial. A. adj. I. As a past participle. †1. Brought to desolation, laid waste (see desolate v.). Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > [adjective] > devastating > devastated barec1305 waste1338 desolatea1382 yheryȝeda1440 wastedc1440 ruined1600 vastate1616 devasted1632 ravaged1657 divast1677 populated1747 devastated1813 a1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(1)) (1850) Wisd. iv. 19 Vnto the heȝest thei shul ben desolat [L. desolabuntur]. c1384 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Luke xi. 17 Euery rewme departide aȝens it silf, schal be desolat [L. desolabitur]. II. Adjectival uses. 2. Left alone, without companion, solitary, lonely. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > solitude or solitariness > [adjective] > left alone outcasta1325 desolatec1386 lornc1475 destitute1530 widoweda1586 destituteda1680 marooned1883 waif-like1924 waifish1936 c1386 G. Chaucer Merchant's Tale 77 He which hath no wif..lyveth helples, and is al desolate. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin xxix. 596 Many a gentill lady be lefte wedowe, and many a gentill mayden dysolat. 1548 Hall's Vnion: Edward IV f. cci^v Leauyng the erle of Pembroke almoste desolate in the toune. 1657 A. Cokayne Obstinate Lady v. iv. 59 I should live a desolate life than e're the strictest Anchorite hath done. 1860 J. Tyndall Glaciers of Alps i. xi. 85 A position more desolate than his had been can hardly be imagined. 1863 ‘G. Eliot’ Romola II. xxiv. 304 No soul is desolate as long as there is a human being for whom it can feel trust and reverence. †3. Destitute or deprived of, lacking. Rarely with infinitive: Without means, quite unable to. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > non-possession > [adjective] > devoid of something > lacking or without wane971 quit?c1225 helpless1362 desolatec1386 wantsomea1400 ungirtc1412 voidc1420 wantinga1475 destitutea1500 unfurnished1541 defect1543 bankrupt1567 frustrate1576 wanting1580 wanting1592 sterile1642 minus1807 lacking1838 to be stuck up for1860 short1873 wanting1874 quits1885 light1936 c1386 G. Chaucer Man of Law's Tale 838 So yong, and of armure so desolate. c1430 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes (1554) xi. i. 144 b John Bochas..dissolate To determine such heauenly-hid secrees. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Ruth i. 5 The woman remayned desolate of both hir sonnes. 1544 Bk. Chyldren in T. Phaer tr. J. Goeurot Regiment of Lyfe (new ed.) sig. b.i^v The tender babes are oftentymes afflycted, and desolate of remedye. 1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. x. 500 By dissolute courses..leave themselves deservingly desolate, of Lands, Meanes, and Honesty. 1720 D. Defoe Life Capt. Singleton 143 The Place..was desolate of Inhabitants. †4. Left without a king; kingless. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 248 The lordes..wolden save The regne, which was desolate. 1489 (a1380) J. Barbour Bruce (Adv.) i. 40 The land vj ȝer & mayr perfay Lay desolat eftyr hys day. 5. Destitute of inhabitants; uninhabited, unpeopled, deserted.This sense and A. 6 are often combined in actual use. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabited place > [adjective] > not unbiggedc1175 desert1297 void1338 desolatec1374 unhabited1490 inhabitable?1529 disinhabit1530 depopulate1531 uninhabita1540 unpeopled1547 undwelta1557 uninhabited1571 dishabited1577 dispeopled1577 unhabit1580 disinhabited1600 desertful1601 unmanned1609 inhabited1614 peopleless1621 deserted1629 depopulated1632 unhabitated1648 unseated1662 desolated1693 unpopulous1715 unsettled1724 unpopulated1776 bandless1862 populationless1885 unlived-in1927 the world > space > place > absence > fact of being unoccupied > [adjective] > deserted manlessOE willc1330 void1338 desolatec1374 destitute1382 blouta1522 destituted1550 unmanned1609 lifeless1615 deserted1629 vaked1638 vacant1791 c1374 G. Chaucer Anelida & Arcite 62 So desolate stode Thebes and so bare. c1450 J. Lydgate Compl. Lovers Life 167 He thus lay on the grounde in place desolate. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde i. ix. f. 42 Many Ilandes very fruitefull, yet lefte desolate. 1634 T. Herbert Relation Some Yeares Trauaile 138 He allured out of Babilon sixe hundred thousand soules, so that the late triumphant Citie became halfe desolate. 1735 G. Berkeley Querist §418 Roads untrodden, fields untilled, houses desolate. 1887 C. Bowen tr. Virgil Æneid iv, in tr. Virgil in Eng. Verse 212 Desolate shores and abandoned ports. 6. Having the characteristics of a place deserted or uninhabited: a. in ruinous state or neglected condition, laid waste. b. without sign of life, bare of trees or herbage, barren. c. dreary, dismal, cheerless. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > land > landscape > wild or uncultivated land > [adjective] westeeOE wildc893 wastyc1230 wastec1290 untilled1297 void1398 wilsomea1400 desolate1413 wastablea1450 unlaboured1474 untilthed1495 spare1508 unmanured1541 unculted1548 uncultured1555 Hyrcan1567 untoiled1578 manureless1595 griggy1597 Wealdish1598 Hyrcanian1600 unwrought1600 wealy1601 uncultived1605 incult1624 unmanaged1634 incultivateda1657 uncultivate1659 uncultivated1684 unreclaimed1753 wildered1810 irreclaimed1814 natural1827 feral1882 1413 Pilgr. Sowle (1483) iii. i. 49 A derker place, the moost wretchyd and desolate that euer men come ynne. 1559 W. Cuningham Cosmogr. Glasse 195 Ninivie, a great Citie, but nowe desolate. 1650 H. Vaughan Silex Scintillans 78 With thy secret key Open my desolate rooms. 1779 Newton in R. Palmer Bk. of Praise 86 This land through which His pilgrims go Is desolate and dry. 1839 C. Dickens Nicholas Nickleby ii. 7 No man thinks of walking in this desolate place. 1847 G. P. R. James Convict ii There was a cheerless, desolate sound about it. †d. Of the head: Bare of hair, bald. Obsolete. ΚΠ a1500 Lancelot of Laik (1870) 366 It semyth that of al his hed ye hore Of fallith and maid desolat. 7. Destitute of joy or comfort, like one bereft of friends or relatives; forlorn, disconsolate; overwhelmed with grief and misery, wretched. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > misery > [adjective] armlyeOE un-i-selieOE unledeeOE unseelyOE armOE wretcha1122 unselea1200 wretcheda1200 wretchlyc1200 misease?c1225 wanlichec1275 miseasyc1300 wansomea1325 simplec1330 wretchfula1382 wretchedful1382 caitiff1393 loddera1400 desolate14.. disconsolatea1425 meschant?1473 miserousc1475 miser1542 unvisited1548 tribulate1575 happiless1582 uncomforted1583 blisslessa1586 uncomfortless1598 miserablea1616 thrallfula1618 calamitous1668 tribulated1682 donsie?1719 unsolaced1796 mis1939 14.. Why I can't be a Nun 96 in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 140 For now I am alle desolate, And of gode cownesayle destitute. 1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 60 Gyue confort to a desolate hert. 1598 B. Yong tr. J. de Montemayor Diana 73 Yet did Arsenius..leade the most sorrowfull and desolate life. 1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures xii. 36 Having heard what this desolate Queen said openly unto him. 1738 J. Wesley Coll. Psalms & Hymns (new ed.) cxxxvii. 5 O England's desolate Church. 1852 H. B. Stowe Uncle Tom's Cabin I. ix. 121 I must feed the hungry, clothe the naked, and comfort the desolate. a1854 H. Reed Lect. Brit. Poets (1857) II. xiii. 129 That desolate craving after the departed. †8. Destitute of good quality, evil, abandoned. (Sometimes apparently confounded with dissolute.) Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > inferiority or baseness > dissolute conduct > [adjective] unkind1340 desolatec1386 unthrifty1388 virtueless1402 unvirtuous1432 dissolutec1475 castaway?1542 bastardlyc1567 regenerate1596 perdite1625 profligate1627 deperdit1641 profligated1652 abandoned1690 society > morality > moral evil > licentiousness > profligacy, dissoluteness, or debauchery > [adjective] wild13.. desolatec1386 unthrifty1388 riotousc1405 resolute?a1475 palliard1484 dissolutea1513 royetous1526 sluttishc1555 rakehell1556 dissolutious1560 rakehelly1579 hell-raking1593 sportive1597 low1599 lavish1600 rakellyc1600 profligate1627 profligated1652 rantipole1660 abandoned1690 raking1696 rakish1696 dissipated1744 dissipating1818 outward1875 c1386 G. Chaucer Pardoner's Tale 270 A comun hasardour..ever the heyer he is of astaat The more is he holden desolaat. 1579 L. Tomson tr. J. Calvin Serm. Epist. S. Paule to Timothie & Titus 82/2 Nor glutton, nor thefe, nor man of wicked and desolate life. 1782 T. Vaughan Fashionable Follies (new ed.) I. 153 Unhappy men of desolate and abandoned principles. B. n. A desolate place or person. ΚΠ a1400–50 Alexander 4354 Duells here in disolatis, in dennes & in cauys. 1610 G. Fletcher Christs Victorie 26 A poore Desolate, That now had measur'd many a wearie mile. 1796 R. Southey Joan of Arc vi. 433 Travelling the trackless desolate. Compounds desolate-looking adj. ΚΠ 1833 L. Ritchie Wanderings by Loire 78 The lonely and desolate-looking wanderer. 1872 H. I. Jenkinson Guide Eng. Lake District (1879) 154 The barren and desolate-looking valley..in front. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1895; most recently modified version published online September 2021). desolatev. /ˈdɛsəleɪt/ Etymology: < desolate adj., after Latin dēsōlāre, French désoler in same sense. Wyclif has only the past participle desolat (see desolate adj.), and desolatid, immediately < Latin dēsōlātus; by the help of these a passive voice was formed; the active to desolate (though implied in the past participle desolated) does not occur till much later; even in Palsgrave 1530, it is only a dictionary equivalent of French désoler, without example. 1. transitive. To deprive of inhabitants, depopulate.This sense and 2 are often combined in use. ΘΚΠ society > inhabiting and dwelling > inhabitant > population > make less populous [verb (transitive)] desolate1382 dispeople1490 disinhabit1530 unpeoplea1533 unpeoplea1533 depopulate1595 unfurnish1603 unpopulate1658 unstock1865 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Ezek. xii. 19 That the loond be desolatid [L. desoletur] fro his multitude. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 514/1 I desolate..I make a countrey unhabyted, Je desole. 1603 R. Johnson tr. G. Botero Hist. Descr. Worlde 114 It is now by their ciuill dissentions almost desolated. 1791 W. Cowper tr. Homer Iliad in Iliad & Odyssey I. v. 582 And desolate at once your populous Troy. 1875 C. Lyell & L. Lyell Princ. Geol. (ed. 12) II. ii. xxix. 140 As if the city had been desolated by the plague. 2. To devastate, lay waste; to make bare, barren, or unfit for habitation. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > creation > destruction > destroy [verb (transitive)] > devastate or lay waste (a place, etc.) harryc893 fordoc900 awesteeOE westeeOE losec950 harrowc1000 destroyc1230 wastec1275 ravishc1325 to lie waste1338 exilea1382 to-wastea1382 unronea1400 desolatea1425 vast1434 fruster?a1513 to lay waste1535 wipe1535 devast1537 depopulate1548 populate1552 forwaste1563 ruinate1564 havoc1575 scourge1576 dispopulate1588 destitute1593 ravage1602 harassa1618 devastate1638 execute1679 to make stroy of1682 to lay in ashes1711 untown1783 hell-rake1830 uncity1850 a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Matt. xii. 25 Eche kingdom departid aȝens it silf, schal be desolatid [L. desolabitur]. 1585 T. Washington tr. N. de Nicolay Nauigations Turkie iii. ii. 71 b His countrie being desolated. 1606 G. W. tr. Justinus Hist. 104 a All his fortunes being desolated and as it were melted from him. 1719 D. Defoe Farther Adventures Robinson Crusoe 115 Would quite desolate the Island, and starve them. 1796 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre Stud. Nature (1799) III. 441 The revolutions of Nature which had desolated France. 1868 J. H. Blunt Reformation Church of Eng. I. 299 To desolate the houses..of the monks and nuns by such plunder. absolute.1796 R. Southey Joan of Arc i. 177 Thy bitter foes Rush o'er the land, and desolate, and kill. 3. To leave alone, forsake, abandon; to make desolate, deprive of companions or friends. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social relations > lack of social communication or relations > solitude or solitariness > [verb (transitive)] > leave alone to leave (a person) alonec1330 desolate1530 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 514/1 I desolate, I forsake one and leave hym comfortlesse..Je desole. 1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning ii. sig. Bbb2^v He did desolate him, and won from him his dependances [i.e. adherents] . View more context for this quotation 1809 T. Campbell Gertrude of Wyoming i. xvii In vain the desolated panther flies. †4. To turn out of, so as to leave without habitation. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > motion in a certain direction > going or coming out > letting or sending out > let or send out [verb (transitive)] > expel > specific people from a place, position, or possession > from a house or dwelling unhousec1390 harryc1550 desolate1593 dishousec1595 uncastle1611 untenant1614 uncamp1670 dishome1882 rout1950 1593 T. Nashe Christs Teares f. 20^v A Tabernacle..which hee shall not be vndermined and desolated out of. 5. To make joyless and comfortless; to overwhelm with grief; to render wretched. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > misery > render miserable [verb (transitive)] discomforta1398 wretcha1513 desolate1530 disconsolate1530 distress1586 unhappy1597 uncomfort1637 infelicitate1654 1530 [see sense 3]. 1535 Bible (Coverdale) Dan. ix. C Beholde how we be desolated. 1653 H. Cogan tr. F. M. Pinto Voy. & Adventures lxxii. 292 Altogether desolated as he was in this last affliction. 1887 Spectator 3 Sept. 1176 Buoyed up by constantly renewed hope or desolated by continuous despair. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1895; most recently modified version published online December 2021). < adj.n.c1374v.1382
随便看	geste gested gested and done gestelin gesten gestener gestening gester gesteron gestes gestible gestic gestical gesticulacious gesticulant gesticular gesticularious gesticulate gesticulated gesticulates gesticulating gesticulatingly gesticulation gesticulations gesticulative