deliberativeadj.n.

Brit.

/dᵻˈlɪb(ə)rətɪv/, U.S.

/dᵻˈlɪbəˌreɪdɪv/,

/diˈlɪbəˌreɪdɪv/,

/dᵻˈlɪbərədɪv/,

/diˈlɪbərədɪv/

Forms: late Middle English– deliberative, 1500s delyberatiue, 1500s delyberatyue, 1500s–1600s deliberatiue.

Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin dēlīberātīvus.

Etymology: < classical Latin dēlīberātīvus concerned with the discussion of a future course of action, in post-classical Latin also characterized by deliberation or reflection (4th or 5th cent.), (in grammar) expressing deliberation or doubt (1812 or earlier) < dēlīberāt- , past participial stem of dēlīberāre deliberate v. + -īvus -ive suffix.Compare Middle French deliberatif, French délibératif of or relating to a discussion or deliberation (late 14th cent.), (of a vote) decisive (1576), and also Spanish deliberativo (15th cent.), Italian deliberativo (13th cent.).

A. adj.

1. Of a discussion, thought process, etc.: characterized by deliberation or careful consideration.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > care, carefulness, or attention > caution > [adjective] > prudent > duly deliberate (of persons) > of actions

mature1454

advisablec1456

deliberativec1487

considerate1572

well-considered1590

considerative1620

considered1889

ponderate1922

c1487 J. Skelton tr. Diodorus Siculus Bibliotheca Historica iii. 169 Then was there immediatly aftre this deliberative communication, the filde renewed.

1659 D. Pell Πελαγος 361 A serious meditation, and deliberative ponderating upon the Power and terrible Majesty of God.

1836 Random Recoll. House of Lords xiv. 326 Things to which, in his cooler and more deliberative moments, he would not on any account give expression.

1934 Lincoln (Nebraska) Star 11 May 16/2 The situation apparently calls for some deliberative thinking within the administrative headquarters of the two institutions.

2019 Courier-Mail (Austral.) (Nexis) 12 Aug. 22 While this inquiry will see lobby groups raise the volume on the pros and cons of nuclear energy, my hope is that deliberative and thoughtful dialogue ensues rather than a shouting match.

2. Involving or relating to deliberation; (esp. of an assembly or other body) that reaches decisions by deliberation or debate.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > advice > [adjective] > deliberative or consultative

deliberative?1520

consultative1583

consultatory1600

consultory1619

consultive1620

consulting1796

the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > [adjective] > relating to careful thought

delivered1499

deliberative?1520

deep1586

considered1604

reflective1625

reflectional1848

?1520 A. Barclay tr. Sallust Cron. Warre agaynst Iugurth Table sig. a.ii/2 The oracyon of Adherball in form delyberatyue.

1592 A. Day 2nd Pt. Eng. Secretorie sig. O1, in Eng. Secretorie (rev. ed.) In a deliberatiue sorte we propound diuers thinges, and refute them al one after another.

1678 Spanish Hist. 143 All the Towns which have a deliberative Vote in the State.

1796 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre Stud. Nature (1799) III. 515 Nothing can be more inconsistent with the gravity and wisdom of a deliberative Assembly than acclamation.

1874 J. Morley On Compromise 83 The growth of self-government, or government by deliberative bodies, representing opposed principles and conflicting interests.

2007 Guardian 21 Sept. 39/1 Deliberative forums like Labour's national policy forum have the potential to be a far more effective vehicle for this than voting on competing resolutions in an adversarial setting.

3. Of a person.

a. That thinks carefully about something; thoughtful; reflective.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > [adjective]

contemplative1340

thoughtfula1400

considering1483

revolving1597

deliberative1602

ponderative1610

reflexive1630

ponderous1632

reflecting1632

reflectivea1640

perpensive1647

balancing1850

meditative1876

1602 W. Fulbecke Pandectes sig A2^v She will report many things vnto thee of..the noble harted Carthaginians, the victorious Macedonians, the deliberatiue Turkes, the politike Italians, the chiualrous French.

1703 E. Ward Pleasures of Matrimony vii. 106 Can you blame a Woman for being Wary and Deliberative, in a matter of such Importance, as the concern of her Life.

1831 ‘P. Palette’ Crayons from Commons 9 A steady, grave, deliberative man, Pretensionless in manner, air, and tone.

1917 F. Gibbons in J. E. Lewis Mammoth Bk. War Correspondents (2001) 154 ‘What do you say are our chances of being torpedoed?’ I asked. ‘Well,’ drawled the deliberative Mr Henry Chetham, a London solicitor, ‘I should say four thousand to one.’

2000 Philadelphia Enquirer (Nexis) 17 July (SF ed.) a1 The mayor—a deliberative person by nature—plans to let the investigative process take its course before he decides how to respond.

†b. Given to excessive pondering or contemplation. Obsolete. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > care, carefulness, or attention > caution > [adjective] > prudent > duly deliberate (of persons)

howea950

deliberate?a1425

umbethoughta1500

suspense?1518

deliberating1561

considerate1581

deliberating1637

deliberative1742

chin-stroking1858

1742 R. North & M. North Life F. North 202 He was naturally very quick of Apprehension, but, withal, very deliberative.

4. Grammar. Of a grammatical form (esp. the subjunctive), or construction: expressing deliberation or doubt.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > mood > [adjective] > subjunctive

subjunctivea1504

deliberative1840

1840 G. K. Gillespie tr. J. G. Stallbaum Notes Phædo in tr. Plato Apol. Socrates 205 An interpretation of what is called the deliberative subjunctive [L. coniunctivi deliberativi], of which the use in the third person is rather uncommon.

1842 W. E. Jelf Gram. Greek Lang. II. iv. 501 The conjunct. after principal, opt. after historic tenses, has a deliberative force.

1926 Patristic Stud. 11 11 Brugmann does not find a root meaning for the subjunctive. He supposes a three-fold use, volitive, deliberative, and futuristic.

2007 Classical Jrnl. 103 178 A question is a normal device of dialogue between two parties, and with this deliberative subjunctive, the speaker guides the audience from passive into active participation.

B. n.

1. A discussion or debate, esp. one held in order to decide on a particular proposal, course of action, etc.; a deliberative meeting or session (now rare). Formerly also: †a subject or matter for deliberation (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > speech > conversation > [noun] > conferring or consulting

aughteOE

redeOE

somrunec1275

speakingc1275

counselc1290

deliberationc1405

advisement1414

commoninga1425

communingc1425

imparlement1450

imparling1450

parleyc1490

parleying1508

counselment1523

parling1527

counsellinga1533

practice1540

interview1541

consultation1548

parliance1553

conference1555

enterparling1557

consult1560

imparlee1565

parlance1577

imparlance1579

parliamenting1582

deliberative1590

converse1614

parliamentation1622

powwowing1642

consulting1823

powwowism1873

1590 tr. Coppie of Anti-Spaniard 19 Good God, what new counsels, what new deliberatiues, what new drifts, and new aliances [Fr. nouueaux conseils, nouueaux desseings, nouuelles alliances] will then follow.

1620 Horæ Subseciuæ 77 A man so conceited of himselfe can bee no companion in deliberatiues.

1650 Exercitation conc. Usurped Powers 52 It is to be admired, that a person of so fair a character..should begin this Section of his with a generall deliberative, (It were good to consider [etc.]).

1831 Morning Post 25 Oct. Let a franchise be now given so as to extend the number of deliberatives for the general weal.

1910 Daily Tel. (Launceston, Tasmania) 27 Aug. 7/4 If the Veto Conference should possibly solve the question by agreement the country would be delighted at the deliberatives providing a settlement.

2006 Exeter (New Hampsh.) News-let. 7 Feb. a2/1 Town and school deliberatives are this week.

2. Grammar. A form or construction used to express deliberation or doubt.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > other grammatical categories or concepts > [noun] > that which expresses other concept or relation

adversativea1504

concessive1651

honorific1778

reverential1845

pejorative1882

deliberative1887

reciprocal1961

evidentiality1980

1887 Amer. Jrnl. Philol. 8 60 Compare now the independent deliberatives in English and Latin. What am I to do is quid agam, what was I to do is quid agerem.

1948 Classical Rev. 62 76/2 The emotional force of the strongest jussive or most rhetorical deliberative must of necessity evaporate the moment it is subordinated.

2010 E. Weigand Dialogue iii. iii. 200 Deliberatives make a claim to possible truth: ‘it could be so’.

Compounds

deliberative democracy n. Politics a form of democracy in which authentic debate, usually aiming to reach a consensus, is used in decision-making; (sometimes) spec. a form of democracy in which citizens' assemblies form part of the decision-making process.In early use often not a fixed collocation.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > government by the people or their delegates > [noun] > involving participation

deliberative democracy1886

participant democracy1945

participatory democracy1962

1886 Daily Inter Ocean (Chicago) 21 Dec. 4/4 Many workmen accustomed to the deliberative democracy of the unions have become tired of the turbulence of the assemblies.

1982 Jrnl. Politics 44 962 The major consequence of ‘participatory democracy’ in the party system has been to undermine ‘deliberative democracy’ and ultimately to turn citizens away from political parties.

2018 Canberra Times (Nexis) 13 Dec. 1 The Greens were unlikely to succumb to arguments about the citizens' jurors not being competent enough to propose the reforms, as they were strong supporters of deliberative democracy.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2020; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	deliberative
释义	deliberativeadj.n. Brit. /dᵻˈlɪb(ə)rətɪv/, U.S. /dᵻˈlɪbəˌreɪdɪv/, /diˈlɪbəˌreɪdɪv/, /dᵻˈlɪbərədɪv/, /diˈlɪbərədɪv/ Forms: late Middle English– deliberative, 1500s delyberatiue, 1500s delyberatyue, 1500s–1600s deliberatiue. Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin dēlīberātīvus. Etymology: < classical Latin dēlīberātīvus concerned with the discussion of a future course of action, in post-classical Latin also characterized by deliberation or reflection (4th or 5th cent.), (in grammar) expressing deliberation or doubt (1812 or earlier) < dēlīberāt- , past participial stem of dēlīberāre deliberate v. + -īvus -ive suffix.Compare Middle French deliberatif, French délibératif of or relating to a discussion or deliberation (late 14th cent.), (of a vote) decisive (1576), and also Spanish deliberativo (15th cent.), Italian deliberativo (13th cent.). A. adj. 1. Of a discussion, thought process, etc.: characterized by deliberation or careful consideration. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > care, carefulness, or attention > caution > [adjective] > prudent > duly deliberate (of persons) > of actions mature1454 advisablec1456 deliberativec1487 considerate1572 well-considered1590 considerative1620 considered1889 ponderate1922 c1487 J. Skelton tr. Diodorus Siculus Bibliotheca Historica iii. 169 Then was there immediatly aftre this deliberative communication, the filde renewed. 1659 D. Pell Πελαγος 361 A serious meditation, and deliberative ponderating upon the Power and terrible Majesty of God. 1836 Random Recoll. House of Lords xiv. 326 Things to which, in his cooler and more deliberative moments, he would not on any account give expression. 1934 Lincoln (Nebraska) Star 11 May 16/2 The situation apparently calls for some deliberative thinking within the administrative headquarters of the two institutions. 2019 Courier-Mail (Austral.) (Nexis) 12 Aug. 22 While this inquiry will see lobby groups raise the volume on the pros and cons of nuclear energy, my hope is that deliberative and thoughtful dialogue ensues rather than a shouting match. 2. Involving or relating to deliberation; (esp. of an assembly or other body) that reaches decisions by deliberation or debate. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > judgement or decision > advice > [adjective] > deliberative or consultative deliberative?1520 consultative1583 consultatory1600 consultory1619 consultive1620 consulting1796 the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > [adjective] > relating to careful thought delivered1499 deliberative?1520 deep1586 considered1604 reflective1625 reflectional1848 ?1520 A. Barclay tr. Sallust Cron. Warre agaynst Iugurth Table sig. a.ii/2 The oracyon of Adherball in form delyberatyue. 1592 A. Day 2nd Pt. Eng. Secretorie sig. O1, in Eng. Secretorie (rev. ed.) In a deliberatiue sorte we propound diuers thinges, and refute them al one after another. 1678 Spanish Hist. 143 All the Towns which have a deliberative Vote in the State. 1796 H. Hunter tr. J.-H. B. de Saint-Pierre Stud. Nature (1799) III. 515 Nothing can be more inconsistent with the gravity and wisdom of a deliberative Assembly than acclamation. 1874 J. Morley On Compromise 83 The growth of self-government, or government by deliberative bodies, representing opposed principles and conflicting interests. 2007 Guardian 21 Sept. 39/1 Deliberative forums like Labour's national policy forum have the potential to be a far more effective vehicle for this than voting on competing resolutions in an adversarial setting. 3. Of a person. a. That thinks carefully about something; thoughtful; reflective. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > thought > continued thinking, reflection, contemplation > thinking about, consideration, deliberation > [adjective] contemplative1340 thoughtfula1400 considering1483 revolving1597 deliberative1602 ponderative1610 reflexive1630 ponderous1632 reflecting1632 reflectivea1640 perpensive1647 balancing1850 meditative1876 1602 W. Fulbecke Pandectes sig A2^v She will report many things vnto thee of..the noble harted Carthaginians, the victorious Macedonians, the deliberatiue Turkes, the politike Italians, the chiualrous French. 1703 E. Ward Pleasures of Matrimony vii. 106 Can you blame a Woman for being Wary and Deliberative, in a matter of such Importance, as the concern of her Life. 1831 ‘P. Palette’ Crayons from Commons 9 A steady, grave, deliberative man, Pretensionless in manner, air, and tone. 1917 F. Gibbons in J. E. Lewis Mammoth Bk. War Correspondents (2001) 154 ‘What do you say are our chances of being torpedoed?’ I asked. ‘Well,’ drawled the deliberative Mr Henry Chetham, a London solicitor, ‘I should say four thousand to one.’ 2000 Philadelphia Enquirer (Nexis) 17 July (SF ed.) a1 The mayor—a deliberative person by nature—plans to let the investigative process take its course before he decides how to respond. †b. Given to excessive pondering or contemplation. Obsolete. rare. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > care, carefulness, or attention > caution > [adjective] > prudent > duly deliberate (of persons) howea950 deliberate?a1425 umbethoughta1500 suspense?1518 deliberating1561 considerate1581 deliberating1637 deliberative1742 chin-stroking1858 1742 R. North & M. North Life F. North 202 He was naturally very quick of Apprehension, but, withal, very deliberative. 4. Grammar. Of a grammatical form (esp. the subjunctive), or construction: expressing deliberation or doubt. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > mood > [adjective] > subjunctive subjunctivea1504 deliberative1840 1840 G. K. Gillespie tr. J. G. Stallbaum Notes Phædo in tr. Plato Apol. Socrates 205 An interpretation of what is called the deliberative subjunctive [L. coniunctivi deliberativi], of which the use in the third person is rather uncommon. 1842 W. E. Jelf Gram. Greek Lang. II. iv. 501 The conjunct. after principal, opt. after historic tenses, has a deliberative force. 1926 Patristic Stud. 11 11 Brugmann does not find a root meaning for the subjunctive. He supposes a three-fold use, volitive, deliberative, and futuristic. 2007 Classical Jrnl. 103 178 A question is a normal device of dialogue between two parties, and with this deliberative subjunctive, the speaker guides the audience from passive into active participation. B. n. 1. A discussion or debate, esp. one held in order to decide on a particular proposal, course of action, etc.; a deliberative meeting or session (now rare). Formerly also: †a subject or matter for deliberation (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the mind > language > speech > conversation > [noun] > conferring or consulting aughteOE redeOE somrunec1275 speakingc1275 counselc1290 deliberationc1405 advisement1414 commoninga1425 communingc1425 imparlement1450 imparling1450 parleyc1490 parleying1508 counselment1523 parling1527 counsellinga1533 practice1540 interview1541 consultation1548 parliance1553 conference1555 enterparling1557 consult1560 imparlee1565 parlance1577 imparlance1579 parliamenting1582 deliberative1590 converse1614 parliamentation1622 powwowing1642 consulting1823 powwowism1873 1590 tr. Coppie of Anti-Spaniard 19 Good God, what new counsels, what new deliberatiues, what new drifts, and new aliances [Fr. nouueaux conseils, nouueaux desseings, nouuelles alliances] will then follow. 1620 Horæ Subseciuæ 77 A man so conceited of himselfe can bee no companion in deliberatiues. 1650 Exercitation conc. Usurped Powers 52 It is to be admired, that a person of so fair a character..should begin this Section of his with a generall deliberative, (It were good to consider [etc.]). 1831 Morning Post 25 Oct. Let a franchise be now given so as to extend the number of deliberatives for the general weal. 1910 Daily Tel. (Launceston, Tasmania) 27 Aug. 7/4 If the Veto Conference should possibly solve the question by agreement the country would be delighted at the deliberatives providing a settlement. 2006 Exeter (New Hampsh.) News-let. 7 Feb. a2/1 Town and school deliberatives are this week. 2. Grammar. A form or construction used to express deliberation or doubt. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > other grammatical categories or concepts > [noun] > that which expresses other concept or relation adversativea1504 concessive1651 honorific1778 reverential1845 pejorative1882 deliberative1887 reciprocal1961 evidentiality1980 1887 Amer. Jrnl. Philol. 8 60 Compare now the independent deliberatives in English and Latin. What am I to do is quid agam, what was I to do is quid agerem. 1948 Classical Rev. 62 76/2 The emotional force of the strongest jussive or most rhetorical deliberative must of necessity evaporate the moment it is subordinated. 2010 E. Weigand Dialogue iii. iii. 200 Deliberatives make a claim to possible truth: ‘it could be so’. Compounds deliberative democracy n. Politics a form of democracy in which authentic debate, usually aiming to reach a consensus, is used in decision-making; (sometimes) spec. a form of democracy in which citizens' assemblies form part of the decision-making process.In early use often not a fixed collocation. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > a or the system of government > government by the people or their delegates > [noun] > involving participation deliberative democracy1886 participant democracy1945 participatory democracy1962 1886 Daily Inter Ocean (Chicago) 21 Dec. 4/4 Many workmen accustomed to the deliberative democracy of the unions have become tired of the turbulence of the assemblies. 1982 Jrnl. Politics 44 962 The major consequence of ‘participatory democracy’ in the party system has been to undermine ‘deliberative democracy’ and ultimately to turn citizens away from political parties. 2018 Canberra Times (Nexis) 13 Dec. 1 The Greens were unlikely to succumb to arguments about the citizens' jurors not being competent enough to propose the reforms, as they were strong supporters of deliberative democracy. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2020; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.c1487
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