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单词 dementia
释义

dementian.

Brit. /dᵻˈmɛnʃə/, U.S. /dəˈmɛn(t)ʃ(i)ə/
Origin: A borrowing from Latin. Etymon: Latin dēmentia.
Etymology: < classical Latin dēmentia madness, insanity, craziness, folly < dēment- , dēmēns dement adj. + -ia -ia suffix1. Compare earlier demency n. and Romance forms cited at that entry.
1. Medicine. Originally: insanity, esp. when primarily affecting thinking and judgement; (also) absence or impairment of intellectual faculties. In later use: spec. impairment of memory and of abstract thinking, often with other disturbances of cognitive function and with personality change; a syndrome characterized by this, resulting from primary degenerative disease of the brain (most commonly Alzheimer's disease in the elderly), or from various other conditions (cerebrovascular disease, infections, tumours, etc.) which affect the brain.More common in legal than in medical use until the early 19th cent., when démence appeared in French classifications of mental illness by Pinel and Esquirol (cf. quot. 1806). The definition of dementia in neurology and psychiatry has undergone many changes since this early use.In popular and non-technical use now often identified with Alzheimer's disease.presenile, senile, vascular dementia: see the first element. See also dementia praecox n.
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the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > [noun] > insanity or madness
woodnessc1000
woodshipc1000
madshipc1225
woodc1275
woodhead1303
ragec1330
amentiaa1398
madnessa1398
frenzy?a1400
madheada1400
maddingc1400
alienation?a1425
furiosity?a1475
derverye1480
forcenery1480
furiousnessc1500
unwitness1527
unwitting1527
demencya1529
straughtness1530
insaniea1538
brainsickness1541
lunacy1541
amenty1557
distraughtness1576
dementation?1583
straughtedness1583
insanity1590
crazedness1593
bedlam1598
dementia1598
insanation1599
non compos mentis1607
distraction1609
daffinga1614
disinsanitya1625
cerebrosity1647
vecordy1656
fanaticness1662
non-sanity1675
insaneness1730
craziness1755
hydrophobia1760
vecord1788
derangement1800
vesania1800
a screw loose1810
unsoundness1825
dementedness1833
craze1841
psychosis1847
crackiness1861
feyness1873
crack1891
meshugas1898
white ant1908
crackedness1910
pottiness1933
loopiness1939
wackiness1941
screwballism1942
kink1959
the world > health and disease > mental health > mental illness > degree or type of mental illness > [noun] > impairment of mental powers
dementia1598
stupor1806
demency1858
Pick's disease1927
1598 J. Mosan tr. C. Wirsung Praxis Med. Vniuersalis i. xii. 130 (heading) Of Melancholia or Dementia, a woonderfull madnesse.
a1676 M. Hale Historia Placitorum Coronæ (1736) I. iv. 31 This accidental dementia, whether total or partial, is distinguished into that which is permanent or fixed, and that which is interpolated, and by certain periods and vicissitudes.
1761 E. Umfreville Lex Coronatoria I. xiv. 128 The Permanent or fixt Dementia is usually called Madness; and that which is temporary, and appears at certain Periods and by Vicissitudes, Lunacy.
1806 D. Davis tr. P. Pinel Treat. Insanity 252 To cause periodical and curable mania to degenerate into dementia [Fr. démence] or idiotism.
1850 Amer. Jrnl. Med. Sci. 19 205 The complication or occurrence of dementia, M. Lunier regards as an almost constant symptom of the disease [sc. progressive general palsy], when it has reached a certain stage.
1856 Hooper's Physician's Vade-Mecum (ed. 5) 120 The sudden attacks of dementia produce a state of mind nearly allied to idiocy, while those which come on more gradually resemble more closely the different degrees of imbecility.
1874 H. Maudsley Responsibility in Mental Dis. iii. 73 When his memory is impaired, his feelings quenched, his intelligence enfeebled or extinct, he is said to be suffering from dementia.
1907 W. A. Turner Epilepsy vi. 129 A third epileptic, whose post-convulsive symptoms were mainly of the nature of cataleptic rigidity and dementia.
1955 H. H. Merritt Textbk. Neurol. vi. 417 The cardinal symptoms of both Pick's and Alzheimer's disease are progressive dementia and disturbances in the speech.
2011 New Yorker 14 Mar. 32/1 Dementia affects more than half of people over eighty-five, a population that is often called the ‘new old’.
2. gen. Complete loss of judgement; (wild) foolishness resembling insanity; an instance of this.
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1627 W. Sclater Briefe Expos. 2 Thess. 86 In his apprehension it sounds, putting beside their minde or right wits; as if some dementia should seize them when once they gaue way to vnsound doctrine.]
1846 Standard 22 Apr. It would ensure a body, consisting exclusively of volunteers, for the prosecution of every scheme persisted in, and who have had ample time to reflect since the dementia has gone off.
1877 J. Morley Crit. Misc. 2nd Ser. 130 Emissaries..succeeded in persuading them—such the dementia of the night—that Robespierre was a Royalist agent.
1906 N. Amer. Rev. Mar. 459 It seems to me almost a species of dementia to pretend either that Protection was not the controlling issue of the campaign or that the country did not pronounce emphatically against it.
1956 H. Miller Time of Assassins ii. 119 To the Frenchman cultivating his garden it must..have seemed like sheer dementia.
2010 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 28 May 28 It was when I switched on the news yesterday to find three grown men in suits discussing the finer points of Cheryl Cole's divorce that I knew for sure: we are in the grip of a collective dementia.

Compounds

General attributive (in sense 1).
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1845 J. Adshead Prisons & Prisoners 22 Thus much for accuracy of statement and the alleged ‘incurable dementia’ cases.
1885 Amer. Homœopathist 11 206/1 A portion of the building is occupied by chronic dementia patients.]
1897 Jrnl. Mental Sci. 43 95 The average age of the dementia cases was 67.
1916 Pacific Med. Jrnl. 59 241 Psychosis with dementia symptoms predominating.
1968 Brit. Jrnl. Psychiatry 114 805/1 Many of the severely demented subjects did, in fact, have changes which were very rare among those with low dementia scores.
1998 Community Care 30 Apr. 53/1 (advt.) In addition there are 2 outreach centres and a dementia unit.
2012 Daily Tel. 24 Feb. 6/1 Scientists have found evidence that prescribing ‘chemical cosh’ drugs to dementia patients can double their risk of early death.

Derivatives

deˈmential adj. [frequently after French démentiel (1883)] now rare of or relating to dementia; of the nature of dementia; demented.
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1853 tr. A. Brierre de Boismont Hallucinations 159 As in the first of the forms, there is a monomaniacal, a maniacal, and a demential variety [Fr. une variété démente].
1917 Lancet 3 Mar. 336/1 In advanced cases..where death has occurred from some intercurrent disease in the demential stage, the syphilitic organisms are less easily found.
1979 Economist 29 July 112/2 Céline had published two pamphlets whose anti-semitism was so demential that André Gide, for one, imagined that they were a send-up of the whole sorry business.
2006 H. R. Moody Aging 275 Senile dementia of the Alzheimer's type (SDAT)..is the most common cause of irreversible dementia of old age, accounting for two thirds of all demential conditions.
This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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