demoralizev.

Brit.

/dᵻˈmɒrəlʌɪz/, U.S.

/dəˈmɔrəˌlaɪz/,

/diˈmɔrəˌlaɪz/

Forms: 1700s– demoralize, 1800s– demoralise.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French démoraliser.

Etymology: < French démoraliser to corrupt or undermine the morals or moral principles of (a person or group of people) (1794), to undermine the morale of (a person or group of people) (1806 in a bulletin of the French army), originally < dé- de- prefix + moraliser moralize v., although in later use perhaps reanalysed as < dé- de- prefix + moral moral n. + -iser -ize suffix.With sense 2a compare slightly earlier demoralized adj. 2.

a. transitive. To corrupt or undermine the morals or moral principles of. Now somewhat archaic (chiefly U.S.).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > corruption > [verb (transitive)]

forbraidc888

besmiteeOE

awemOE

filec1175

soila1250

envenomc1300

beshrewc1325

shrew1338

corrumpa1340

corrupt1382

subvertc1384

tache1390

poison1395

infect?c1400

intoxicatec1450

deprave1482

corrup1483

rust1493

turkess?1521

vitiate1534

prevary?1541

depravate1548

fester?1548

turkish1560

wry1563

taint1573

disalter1579

prevaricate1595

sophisticate1597

invitiate1598

fashion1600

tack1601

debauch1603

deturpate1623

disaltern1635

ulcer1642

deboise1654

Neronize1673

demoralize1794

bedevil1800

society > morality > moral evil > moral or spiritual degeneration > degrading or impairing morally > degrade or impair morally [verb (transitive)]

defacec1325

spill1377

rust1493

vitiate1534

abastard1573

invitiate1598

vilify1615

demoralize1794

1794 N. Webster Revol. in France 34 The nation is now so totally demoralized by the current philosophy of the age.

1803 J. Rush Charges vi. 65 These are the polluted fountains that send forth constant streams to corrupt and demoralize our people.

1808 R. Southey Select. from Lett. (1856) II. 105 One of the worst principled men who ever lent his aid to debase, demoralize, and debilitate human nature.

1874 J. Morley On Compromise 80 People..demoralised by the habit of looking at society exclusively from the juridical point of view.

1927 F. M. Thrasher Gang iv. Introd. 367 The undirected gang or gang club demoralizes its members. It aids in making chronic truants and juvenile delinquents.

1998 South Bend (Indiana) Tribune (Nexis) 9 Oct. a8 The whole unclean and sordid spectacle that has enriched the press, the media and the legal establishment at the expense of demoralizing young adults and people in general.

b. transitive. To undermine the beneficial moral influence of; to rob of moral significance. Now somewhat archaic (chiefly U.S.).

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > uselessness, vanity, or futility > be of no avail to [verb (transitive)] > have no effect upon > render ineffectual > render morally ineffectual

demoralize1797

1797 W. Cobbett tr. in Porcupine's Gaz. 10 May 230/3 Is it not to demoralize marriage thus to sport with it? What father but must tremble when he gives his daughter to marriage?

1869 Spectator 24 July 863 In a case where this sort of protestation of innocence,—tending to demoralize the gallows,—appeals to the passions of the people.

1907 New Jersey Law Jrnl. 30 302 The wife cannot be permitted to establish a different domicile at her whim or caprice. Any other rule would absolutely demoralize the marriage relation.

1963 J. A. Hostetler Amish Society iv. xv. 318 The other is the self-hate group which seeks to demoralize and abolish the traditional system.

2004 W. Safire Right Word in Right Place at Right Time 208 Are you now manufacturing for us a new verbal form to demoralize the right/wrong distinction we conservatives demand?

a. transitive. To cause (a person) to lose confidence or hope; to undermine the morale of; to dispirit, dishearten. Also in extended use. Frequently, esp. in early use, in military contexts.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > quality of being intimidating > intimidate or bully [verb (transitive)] > weaken or destroy morale

demoralize1820

1820 Brit. Critic Mar. 267 The army was demoralized—the stimulus of promotion had lost its attraction, and the thirst of glory was extinguished.

1848 ‘L. Mariotti’ Italy Past & Present II. ii. 39 Foscolo was intended for a man of action and strife: ease and fortune unnerved and demoralised him.

1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People vi. §1. 270 The long series of English victories had..demoralized the French soldiery.

1908 B. Stoker Snowbound vi. 91 When pierwork or brickwork is demoralised and weakened..it will suddenly go all to bits if it gets jarred.

1946 Aviation Ann. 16 Carpet bombing..consists simply of dropping such a heavy concentration of bombs in a small area that the defenders are stunned and demoralized for a short time.

1991 S. Faludi Backlash iii. x. 279 Women who aspired to a career in politics were even more demoralized by Ferraro's public drubbing.

2006 Chicago Tribune (Midwest ed.) 15 Oct. ii. 7/6 It's the result of an elaborate psychological warfare..that both sides play, not only to win support but also to demoralize the other side.

b. intransitive. To lose confidence or hope; to become disheartened. rare.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > expectation > despair, hopelessness > despair [verb (intransitive)] > lose heart

to lose heart1544

despond1655

to lose heart1741

demoralize1838

1838 T. Carlyle Coll. Lett. (1985) X. 35 He and the whole of us are ‘demoralizing’ since you left.

1903 R. Langbridge Flame & Flood xxi She had demoralised beneath the unwise admiration of her mereness which she received from Maurice.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	demoralize
释义	demoralizev. Brit. /dᵻˈmɒrəlʌɪz/, U.S. /dəˈmɔrəˌlaɪz/, /diˈmɔrəˌlaɪz/ Forms: 1700s– demoralize, 1800s– demoralise. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French démoraliser. Etymology: < French démoraliser to corrupt or undermine the morals or moral principles of (a person or group of people) (1794), to undermine the morale of (a person or group of people) (1806 in a bulletin of the French army), originally < dé- de- prefix + moraliser moralize v., although in later use perhaps reanalysed as < dé- de- prefix + moral moral n. + -iser -ize suffix.With sense 2a compare slightly earlier demoralized adj. 2. 1. a. transitive. To corrupt or undermine the morals or moral principles of. Now somewhat archaic (chiefly U.S.). ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > wrongdoing > corruption > [verb (transitive)] forbraidc888 besmiteeOE awemOE filec1175 soila1250 envenomc1300 beshrewc1325 shrew1338 corrumpa1340 corrupt1382 subvertc1384 tache1390 poison1395 infect?c1400 intoxicatec1450 deprave1482 corrup1483 rust1493 turkess?1521 vitiate1534 prevary?1541 depravate1548 fester?1548 turkish1560 wry1563 taint1573 disalter1579 prevaricate1595 sophisticate1597 invitiate1598 fashion1600 tack1601 debauch1603 deturpate1623 disaltern1635 ulcer1642 deboise1654 Neronize1673 demoralize1794 bedevil1800 society > morality > moral evil > moral or spiritual degeneration > degrading or impairing morally > degrade or impair morally [verb (transitive)] defacec1325 spill1377 rust1493 vitiate1534 abastard1573 invitiate1598 vilify1615 demoralize1794 1794 N. Webster Revol. in France 34 The nation is now so totally demoralized by the current philosophy of the age. 1803 J. Rush Charges vi. 65 These are the polluted fountains that send forth constant streams to corrupt and demoralize our people. 1808 R. Southey Select. from Lett. (1856) II. 105 One of the worst principled men who ever lent his aid to debase, demoralize, and debilitate human nature. 1874 J. Morley On Compromise 80 People..demoralised by the habit of looking at society exclusively from the juridical point of view. 1927 F. M. Thrasher Gang iv. Introd. 367 The undirected gang or gang club demoralizes its members. It aids in making chronic truants and juvenile delinquents. 1998 South Bend (Indiana) Tribune (Nexis) 9 Oct. a8 The whole unclean and sordid spectacle that has enriched the press, the media and the legal establishment at the expense of demoralizing young adults and people in general. b. transitive. To undermine the beneficial moral influence of; to rob of moral significance. Now somewhat archaic (chiefly U.S.). ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > disadvantage > uselessness > uselessness, vanity, or futility > be of no avail to [verb (transitive)] > have no effect upon > render ineffectual > render morally ineffectual demoralize1797 1797 W. Cobbett tr. in Porcupine's Gaz. 10 May 230/3 Is it not to demoralize marriage thus to sport with it? What father but must tremble when he gives his daughter to marriage? 1869 Spectator 24 July 863 In a case where this sort of protestation of innocence,—tending to demoralize the gallows,—appeals to the passions of the people. 1907 New Jersey Law Jrnl. 30 302 The wife cannot be permitted to establish a different domicile at her whim or caprice. Any other rule would absolutely demoralize the marriage relation. 1963 J. A. Hostetler Amish Society iv. xv. 318 The other is the self-hate group which seeks to demoralize and abolish the traditional system. 2004 W. Safire Right Word in Right Place at Right Time 208 Are you now manufacturing for us a new verbal form to demoralize the right/wrong distinction we conservatives demand? 2. a. transitive. To cause (a person) to lose confidence or hope; to undermine the morale of; to dispirit, dishearten. Also in extended use. Frequently, esp. in early use, in military contexts. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > fear > quality of inspiring fear > quality of being intimidating > intimidate or bully [verb (transitive)] > weaken or destroy morale demoralize1820 1820 Brit. Critic Mar. 267 The army was demoralized—the stimulus of promotion had lost its attraction, and the thirst of glory was extinguished. 1848 ‘L. Mariotti’ Italy Past & Present II. ii. 39 Foscolo was intended for a man of action and strife: ease and fortune unnerved and demoralised him. 1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People vi. §1. 270 The long series of English victories had..demoralized the French soldiery. 1908 B. Stoker Snowbound vi. 91 When pierwork or brickwork is demoralised and weakened..it will suddenly go all to bits if it gets jarred. 1946 Aviation Ann. 16 Carpet bombing..consists simply of dropping such a heavy concentration of bombs in a small area that the defenders are stunned and demoralized for a short time. 1991 S. Faludi Backlash iii. x. 279 Women who aspired to a career in politics were even more demoralized by Ferraro's public drubbing. 2006 Chicago Tribune (Midwest ed.) 15 Oct. ii. 7/6 It's the result of an elaborate psychological warfare..that both sides play, not only to win support but also to demoralize the other side. b. intransitive. To lose confidence or hope; to become disheartened. rare. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > expectation > despair, hopelessness > despair [verb (intransitive)] > lose heart to lose heart1544 despond1655 to lose heart1741 demoralize1838 1838 T. Carlyle Coll. Lett. (1985) X. 35 He and the whole of us are ‘demoralizing’ since you left. 1903 R. Langbridge Flame & Flood xxi She had demoralised beneath the unwise admiration of her mereness which she received from Maurice. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < v.1794
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