denialn.

/dɪˈnʌɪəl/

Etymology: < deny v. + -al suffix¹.

a. The act of saying ‘no’ to a request or to a person who makes a request; refusal of anything asked for or desired.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > statement > refusal > [noun]

warningc1000

refusea1393

refusing?a1400

naying1430

denyingc1450

refusal1474

repulsec1475

denegation1489

denial1528

deny?1529

refute1535

nay-saya1598

recusancy1597

detrectation1623

vetation1623

renuence1654

detraction1660

recusance1700

nayword1817

turn-down1902

1528 S. Gardiner in N. Pocock Rec. Reformation (1870) I. li. 122 To colour the denial of the king's purpose.

1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Matt. xv. (R.) The woman was not weryed with so many repulses and denyals.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) ii. i. 273 Neuer make deniall, I must, and will haue Katherine to my wife.

1631 W. Gouge Gods Three Arrowes iv. §8. 385 Torture..Deniall of buriall, and other externall crosses.

1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. i. v. 96 Resolution, and the Denial of our Passions.

1806 J. Beresford Miseries Human Life I. ii. 42 Peremptory orders of denial to all comers whomsoever.

1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess v. 110 To learn if Ida yet would cede our claim, Or by denial flush her babbling wells With her own people's life.

b. = self-denial n.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > virtue > morally elevated quality > unselfishness > [noun] > self-denial

abnegation1532

self-denial1605

self-denying1640

deniedness1671

denial1873

1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. (at cited word) A denial of one's self, is a declining of some gratification; restraint of one's appetites or propensities.

1873 J. E. A. Brown Thoughts thro' Year 78 The denials of obedience.

2. The asserting (of anything) to be untrue or untenable; contradiction of a statement or allegation as untrue or invalid; also, the denying of the existence or reality of a thing.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > statement > denial or contradiction > [noun]

andsechOE

nitea1400

nyingc1429

naying1430

negationc1450

contradiction1526

deny1535

nay-saying1535

deniance1548

denial1576

infringement1593

nay-saya1598

negativing1777

denying1785

denegation1831

1576 A. Fleming tr. Cicero in Panoplie Epist. 107 Cicero laboureth in his owne purgation, and that any such thing was of him committed, maketh flat denyall.

1651 R. Baxter Plain Script. Proof Infants Church-membership & Baptism 38 That this is a Mercy..is plain, and frequently past denyall.

a1704 T. Brown 1st Satyr Persius Imitated in Wks. (1707) I. i. 75 Tis true, nor is it worth denial.

1841–8 F. Myers Catholic Thoughts II. iii. xxi. 80 The denial of these difficulties, or the ignoring of them.

1845 R. Whately Logic in Encycl. Metrop. 197/1 The denial of the suppressed premiss..will at once invalidate the argument.

1871 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues III. 238 The denial of abstract ideas is the destruction of the mind.

3. Refusal to acknowledge a person or thing as having a certain character or certain claims; a disowning, disavowal.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > statement > refusal > [noun] > disavowal or refusal to acknowledge something

disclaiming1574

denial1590

disacknowledge1603

disacknowledgement1650

disacknowledging1655

1590 Bible (Tomson) Matt. xxvi. (heading) Peters deniall.

1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxvii. 158 All Crimes that contain not in them a denyall of the Soveraign Power.

1660 R. South Interest Deposed 4 Those are the proper Scene in which we act our Confessions or denialls of him.

4. Law.

†a. = denier n.²: see quot. 1628. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > statement > refusal > [noun] > in law

denier1532

denial1628

1628 E. Coke 1st Pt. Inst. Lawes Eng. 161 b Deniall is a disseisin of a Rent Charge, as well as of a Rent secke.

b. The opposing by the defendant or accused party of a plea, claim, or charge advanced against him.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > pleading > [noun] > a pleading or plea > denial or contradiction

thwert-ut nay1277

defence?c1400

traverse1405

disclaimc1436

disclaimerc1436

denial1728

rebutment1823

rebuttal1831

1728 E. Young Love of Fame: Universal Passion (ed. 2) vii Ev'n denials cost us dear at court.

1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth viii, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. II. 235 Of course the charge will be rebutted by a denial.

1861 G. Ross W. Bell's Dict. Law Scotl. (rev. ed.) (at cited word) Denial in law imports no more than not confessing. It does not amount to a positive assertion of the falsehood of that which is denied.

5. dialect. A drawback, disadvantage, detriment, hindrance.

ΚΠ

1736 S. Pegge Alphabet of Kenticisms A denial to a farm; i.e. a prejudice, a drawback, hindrance, or detriment.

1876 Mrs. Francis S.-Warwickshire Words in W. W. Skeat Orig. Glossaries 125 Denial, hindrance, drawback. ‘It's a great denial to him to be shut up in the house so long.’

1883 W. H. Cope Gloss. Hampshire Words Denial, an encumbrance. ‘His children be a great denial to 'un’. Also in Glossaries of Worcestersh., Gloucestersh., Surrey, Sussex, Leicester, Shropshire, Cheshire.

6. Bridge. A bid of another suit in order to show weakness in the suit bid by one's partner.

ΘΚΠ

society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > bridge > [noun] > actions or tactics > call > bidding > bid > other types of bid

ask1872

overcall1890

rescue bid1912

game-goer1913

reverse bid1915

denial1916

rebid1916

overbid?1917

rescue?1917

under-call1923

jump1927

invitation1928

score-bid1928

approach1929

pre-empt1929

one-over-one1931

response1931

cue-bid1932

psychic1932

asking bid1936

reverse1936

shut-out1936

under-bid1945

controlled psychic1959

relay bid1959

raise1964

psych1965

multi1972

splinter bid1977

1916 R. F. Foster Auction Bridge for All xxi. 81 Instead of continuing his denial of the major suits, and trusting his partner to protect them..the dealer quit.

1927 G. Mott-Smith Contract Bridge viii. 117 A take-out may be a ‘denial’.

1959 Listener 5 Mar. 434/3 On each occasion I was told that the answer should have been a denial.

1964 R. L. Frey & A. F. Truscott Official Encycl. Bridge 122/2 Denial bid, a bid that indicates lack of support for partner's bid (an obsolescent term).

Draft additions 1997

7. Psychoanalysis. The suppression (usually at an unconscious level) of a painful or unacceptable wish or of experiences of which one is ashamed. Now also in more general use, esp. in in denial (originally and chiefly U.S.). Cf. resistance n. 5.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > statement > refusal > [noun] > disavowal or refusal to acknowledge something > denial or suppression of unacceptable feelings

denial1914

the mind > language > statement > refusal > [adverb] > in denial

in denial1992

1914 A. A. Brill tr. S. Freud Psychopathol. Everyday Life vii. 149 Certain denials which we encounter in medical practice can probably be ascribed to forgetting.

1927 O. Rank in Mental Hygiene XI. 187 Freud is obliged to refer to special mechanisms, in particular the ‘procedure of making a thing as if it had not happened’—a circumlocution by which he avoids using the simpler and more natural terms proposed by others. (For a long time I have used the term ‘Verleugnung’, denial.)

1930 W. Healy et al. Structure & Meaning Psychoanal. vii. 457 On the basis of his theory of ‘denial’, Rank demands that there be an emotional reproduction rather than intellectual recollection... The fact that denial has occurred is, he says, often more important than the content of the corresponding memory.

1950 R. P. Bissell Stretch on River xxi. 207 It's a transferral of intent. It's a result of childhood trauma. It's Oedipus denial.

1959 Jrnl. Personality 27 364 The opposite syndrome, composed of high Admission, low Denial, and high Anxiety scores describes the other end of the repression continuum.

1979 H. Segal Klein x. 127 The denial of his mourning is also apparent in his running away.

1992 Village Voice (N.Y.) 8 Apr. 25/1 ‘You're living in denial. Abortion is killing your baby.’ He sounds the prolifers' warning of never-ending guilt, as if morality were mere avoidance of pain.

Draft additions April 2011

denial of service n. Computing a malicious attack in which a computer system is made inaccessible to or unusable by users, typically by overwhelming the system with many spurious tasks; spec. = distributed denial of service n. at distribute v. Additions; frequently attributive; abbreviated DoS.

ΚΠ

1975 Computer 8 67/1 The denial of service problem of computer security is discussed.

1988 Unix Rev. Feb. 38/2 Preventing denial of service. It shouldn't be possible for a user who is deliberately trying to use up resources to impair a system.

1997 Independent 26 Sept. i. 7/2 Their complaints included e-mail firestorms known as ‘denial of service’ attacks, which could also make a system impossible to use.

2009 St. Louis (Missouri) Post-Dispatch (Nexis) 16 Oct. b5 We've been hearing a lot about denial of service and other cyber attacks aimed at popular social networking sites like Facebook and Twitter.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1895; most recently modified version published online March 2021).

单词	denial
释义	denialn. /dɪˈnʌɪəl/ Etymology: < deny v. + -al suffix¹. 1. a. The act of saying ‘no’ to a request or to a person who makes a request; refusal of anything asked for or desired. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > refusal > [noun] warningc1000 refusea1393 refusing?a1400 naying1430 denyingc1450 refusal1474 repulsec1475 denegation1489 denial1528 deny?1529 refute1535 nay-saya1598 recusancy1597 detrectation1623 vetation1623 renuence1654 detraction1660 recusance1700 nayword1817 turn-down1902 1528 S. Gardiner in N. Pocock Rec. Reformation (1870) I. li. 122 To colour the denial of the king's purpose. 1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Matt. xv. (R.) The woman was not weryed with so many repulses and denyals. a1616 W. Shakespeare Taming of Shrew (1623) ii. i. 273 Neuer make deniall, I must, and will haue Katherine to my wife. View more context for this quotation 1631 W. Gouge Gods Three Arrowes iv. §8. 385 Torture..Deniall of buriall, and other externall crosses. 1736 Bp. J. Butler Analogy of Relig. i. v. 96 Resolution, and the Denial of our Passions. 1806 J. Beresford Miseries Human Life I. ii. 42 Peremptory orders of denial to all comers whomsoever. 1847 Ld. Tennyson Princess v. 110 To learn if Ida yet would cede our claim, Or by denial flush her babbling wells With her own people's life. b. = self-denial n. ΘΚΠ society > morality > virtue > morally elevated quality > unselfishness > [noun] > self-denial abnegation1532 self-denial1605 self-denying1640 deniedness1671 denial1873 1828 N. Webster Amer. Dict. Eng. Lang. (at cited word) A denial of one's self, is a declining of some gratification; restraint of one's appetites or propensities. 1873 J. E. A. Brown Thoughts thro' Year 78 The denials of obedience. 2. The asserting (of anything) to be untrue or untenable; contradiction of a statement or allegation as untrue or invalid; also, the denying of the existence or reality of a thing. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > denial or contradiction > [noun] andsechOE nitea1400 nyingc1429 naying1430 negationc1450 contradiction1526 deny1535 nay-saying1535 deniance1548 denial1576 infringement1593 nay-saya1598 negativing1777 denying1785 denegation1831 1576 A. Fleming tr. Cicero in Panoplie Epist. 107 Cicero laboureth in his owne purgation, and that any such thing was of him committed, maketh flat denyall. 1651 R. Baxter Plain Script. Proof Infants Church-membership & Baptism 38 That this is a Mercy..is plain, and frequently past denyall. a1704 T. Brown 1st Satyr Persius Imitated in Wks. (1707) I. i. 75 Tis true, nor is it worth denial. 1841–8 F. Myers Catholic Thoughts II. iii. xxi. 80 The denial of these difficulties, or the ignoring of them. 1845 R. Whately Logic in Encycl. Metrop. 197/1 The denial of the suppressed premiss..will at once invalidate the argument. 1871 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues III. 238 The denial of abstract ideas is the destruction of the mind. 3. Refusal to acknowledge a person or thing as having a certain character or certain claims; a disowning, disavowal. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > refusal > [noun] > disavowal or refusal to acknowledge something disclaiming1574 denial1590 disacknowledge1603 disacknowledgement1650 disacknowledging1655 1590 Bible (Tomson) Matt. xxvi. (heading) Peters deniall. 1651 T. Hobbes Leviathan ii. xxvii. 158 All Crimes that contain not in them a denyall of the Soveraign Power. 1660 R. South Interest Deposed 4 Those are the proper Scene in which we act our Confessions or denialls of him. 4. Law. †a. = denier n.²: see quot. 1628. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > refusal > [noun] > in law denier1532 denial1628 1628 E. Coke 1st Pt. Inst. Lawes Eng. 161 b Deniall is a disseisin of a Rent Charge, as well as of a Rent secke. b. The opposing by the defendant or accused party of a plea, claim, or charge advanced against him. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > court proceedings or procedure > pleading > [noun] > a pleading or plea > denial or contradiction thwert-ut nay1277 defence?c1400 traverse1405 disclaimc1436 disclaimerc1436 denial1728 rebutment1823 rebuttal1831 1728 E. Young Love of Fame: Universal Passion (ed. 2) vii Ev'n denials cost us dear at court. 1828 W. Scott Fair Maid of Perth viii, in Chron. Canongate 2nd Ser. II. 235 Of course the charge will be rebutted by a denial. 1861 G. Ross W. Bell's Dict. Law Scotl. (rev. ed.) (at cited word) Denial in law imports no more than not confessing. It does not amount to a positive assertion of the falsehood of that which is denied. 5. dialect. A drawback, disadvantage, detriment, hindrance. ΚΠ 1736 S. Pegge Alphabet of Kenticisms A denial to a farm; i.e. a prejudice, a drawback, hindrance, or detriment. 1876 Mrs. Francis S.-Warwickshire Words in W. W. Skeat Orig. Glossaries 125 Denial, hindrance, drawback. ‘It's a great denial to him to be shut up in the house so long.’ 1883 W. H. Cope Gloss. Hampshire Words Denial, an encumbrance. ‘His children be a great denial to 'un’. Also in Glossaries of Worcestersh., Gloucestersh., Surrey, Sussex, Leicester, Shropshire, Cheshire. 6. Bridge. A bid of another suit in order to show weakness in the suit bid by one's partner. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > entertainment > pastimes > game > card game > bridge > [noun] > actions or tactics > call > bidding > bid > other types of bid ask1872 overcall1890 rescue bid1912 game-goer1913 reverse bid1915 denial1916 rebid1916 overbid?1917 rescue?1917 under-call1923 jump1927 invitation1928 score-bid1928 approach1929 pre-empt1929 one-over-one1931 response1931 cue-bid1932 psychic1932 asking bid1936 reverse1936 shut-out1936 under-bid1945 controlled psychic1959 relay bid1959 raise1964 psych1965 multi1972 splinter bid1977 1916 R. F. Foster Auction Bridge for All xxi. 81 Instead of continuing his denial of the major suits, and trusting his partner to protect them..the dealer quit. 1927 G. Mott-Smith Contract Bridge viii. 117 A take-out may be a ‘denial’. 1959 Listener 5 Mar. 434/3 On each occasion I was told that the answer should have been a denial. 1964 R. L. Frey & A. F. Truscott Official Encycl. Bridge 122/2 Denial bid, a bid that indicates lack of support for partner's bid (an obsolescent term). Draft additions 1997 7. Psychoanalysis. The suppression (usually at an unconscious level) of a painful or unacceptable wish or of experiences of which one is ashamed. Now also in more general use, esp. in in denial (originally and chiefly U.S.). Cf. resistance n. 5. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > statement > refusal > [noun] > disavowal or refusal to acknowledge something > denial or suppression of unacceptable feelings denial1914 the mind > language > statement > refusal > [adverb] > in denial in denial1992 1914 A. A. Brill tr. S. Freud Psychopathol. Everyday Life vii. 149 Certain denials which we encounter in medical practice can probably be ascribed to forgetting. 1927 O. Rank in Mental Hygiene XI. 187 Freud is obliged to refer to special mechanisms, in particular the ‘procedure of making a thing as if it had not happened’—a circumlocution by which he avoids using the simpler and more natural terms proposed by others. (For a long time I have used the term ‘Verleugnung’, denial.) 1930 W. Healy et al. Structure & Meaning Psychoanal. vii. 457 On the basis of his theory of ‘denial’, Rank demands that there be an emotional reproduction rather than intellectual recollection... The fact that denial has occurred is, he says, often more important than the content of the corresponding memory. 1950 R. P. Bissell Stretch on River xxi. 207 It's a transferral of intent. It's a result of childhood trauma. It's Oedipus denial. 1959 Jrnl. Personality 27 364 The opposite syndrome, composed of high Admission, low Denial, and high Anxiety scores describes the other end of the repression continuum. 1979 H. Segal Klein x. 127 The denial of his mourning is also apparent in his running away. 1992 Village Voice (N.Y.) 8 Apr. 25/1 ‘You're living in denial. Abortion is killing your baby.’ He sounds the prolifers' warning of never-ending guilt, as if morality were mere avoidance of pain. Draft additions April 2011 denial of service n. Computing a malicious attack in which a computer system is made inaccessible to or unusable by users, typically by overwhelming the system with many spurious tasks; spec. = distributed denial of service n. at distribute v. Additions; frequently attributive; abbreviated DoS. ΚΠ 1975 Computer 8 67/1 The denial of service problem of computer security is discussed. 1988 Unix Rev. Feb. 38/2 Preventing denial of service. It shouldn't be possible for a user who is deliberately trying to use up resources to impair a system. 1997 Independent 26 Sept. i. 7/2 Their complaints included e-mail firestorms known as ‘denial of service’ attacks, which could also make a system impossible to use. 2009 St. Louis (Missouri) Post-Dispatch (Nexis) 16 Oct. b5 We've been hearing a lot about denial of service and other cyber attacks aimed at popular social networking sites like Facebook and Twitter. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1895; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < n.1528
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