amendmentn.

Brit.

/əˈmɛn(d)m(ə)nt/, U.S.

/əˈmɛn(d)mənt/

Forms: Middle English amendemente, Middle English amendiment, Middle English amendyment, Middle English–1600s amendement, Middle English– amendment, 1500s admendement, 1500s admendemente, 1500s amendmente; Scottish pre-1700 amendament, pre-1700 amendement, pre-1700 amendiment, pre-1700 1700s– amendment.

Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French amendment.

Etymology: < Anglo-Norman amendment, amendiment, amaundement, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French amendement, Middle French amandement (French amendement ) advancement, improvement (first half of the 12th cent. with reference to a person's state, 1174 with reference to moral or spiritual improvement, 13th cent. with reference to a person's health), reparation, redress (1174), action of repairing something damaged or broken (c1300 or earlier), correction of an error in some element of the legal process (14th cent. or earlier), any operation which ameliorates the soil (a1425), any substance which ameliorates the soil, fertilizer (a1440) < amender , amander , amaunder amend v. + -ment -ment suffix. Compare mendment n., and also later amends n.Compare Old Occitan amendamen reparation, compensation, redress. Specific forms. With forms with initial ad- , compare Middle French admendement (late 14th cent. or earlier), and see discussion at amend v. Specific senses. In the specific legal use in sense 6a, French amendement was reborrowed < English in the late 18th cent. (originally in the form amendment ). In to make amendment at sense 9 after Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French faire amendement (second half of the 13th cent. or earlier); compare to make amends at amends n. Phrases 1.

I. Senses relating to correction, improvement, or alteration.

a. Generally: improvement, amelioration; esp. the action or process of making something bad or unsatisfactory better; an instance of this. Now rare. †to do (a person) amendment: to benefit (a person) (obsolete).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > improvement > [noun]

betteringeOE

amendmentc1230

bote of beam1330

meliorationa1400

upraisingc1400

reformation?a1425

amelioration?a1450

enrichinga1513

amendsa1547

gooding1567

betterment1594

meliorization1599

endearment1612

raisure1613

betterance1614

ascenta1616

ascension1617

enrichmenta1626

improvement1625

booty beam1642

meliorating1647

bonification1652

uplift1873

work1914

pickupa1916

upgrading1920

tone-up1943

stepping1958

upgradation1979

upgrade1980

c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 131 Þet ich ne muhe him tellen. þe mei don þe amendement.

c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 8342 (MED) No maner hope hii nadde to amendement to come.

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) viii. l. 1654 If ther be amendement To glad with this woful king.

a1475 ( S. Scrope tr. Dicts & Sayings Philosophers (Bodl. 943) (1999) 286 The bountee of wisemen euer gothe in a-mendement..the malices of fooles gothe daily in a-peirement.

1596 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent (rev. ed.) 290 A faire to be holden..for the amendment of the Towne.

1649 Declar. to Eng. Nation 4 Amendment of your decayed Trade, the only subsistency of your Corporations.

a1705 J. Ray Wisdom of God (1722) ii. 238 Her [sc. Nature's] Works are so perfect that there is no Place for Amendments.

1824 Jackson's Oxf. Jrnl. 4 Dec. Our late prospect of an amendment in the weather has failed, and the low lands continue to be deluged.

1857 J. Ruskin Polit. Econ. Art Add. 186 Do you think there are any points in which our English legislation is capable of amendment, as it bears on commercial and economical matters.

1905 I. A. Taylor Life Queen Henrietta Maria I. xiii. 271 With the amendment in the Royalist fortunes, Henrietta's eyes turned more and more longingly towards England.

1931 Evening Sun (Hanover, Pa.) 13 June 4/5 It almost looked as if the prevalent fashions had taken their cue from the sudden amendment of the weather.

†b. Improvement in health; recovery from illness. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > healing > recovery > [noun]

healingc1000

healc1175

coveringc1230

recovering1380

curinga1382

amendmenta1400

recoverancea1400

sanationc1440

refeting?a1450

mendingc1480

convalescence1490

recovery1533

amendsa1616

restoration1638

upsitting1647

convalescing1650

convalescency1651

reconvalescence1672

analepsis1749

invalescence1755

reformation1772

revalescence1823

pickupa1916

a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) l. 9225 Ne neuer hadde þey amendement..at any corseynt, But at þe vyrgyne Seynt Edyght.

1526 Bible (Tyndale) Mark v. 26 [She]..felte none amendment [ Wyclif, was no thing amendid] at all, But wexed worsse.

a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) i. i. 11 Mo. What hope is there of his Maiesties amendment? Laf. He hath abandon'd his Phisitions Madam.

1745 H. Walpole Let. 4 Mar. in Lett. to H. Mann (1833) II. 24 His recovery is now at such a pause..it is in vain to expect much farther amendment.

1789 R. F. Greville Diary 17 Feb. (1930) 228 The King for some time past, had been in a State of Amendment &..he was this day in a state of convalescence.

1814 J. Austen Mansfield Park III. xvi. 260 Tom's amendment was alarmingly slow.

1923 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 21 Apr. 672/2 It is now fully recognized that such symptoms may, and often do, occur in the ‘cardiac kidney’, but in the case of the patient's amendment pass off entirely.

c. Originally: action taken to improve the texture, drainage, or fertility of soil. In later use chiefly: something added to soil for this purpose. Cf. amend v. 8c.soil amendment: see soil n.¹ Compounds 2.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > reclamation > [noun]

amendment1483

improvement1549

improvinga1563

recoverya1632

mendment1644

cultivation1791

reclaim1799

reclamation1810

intaking1812

redemption1812

clearing1821

reclaimment1852

land reclamation1881

breaking-in1891

greening1955

the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > preparation of land or soil > fertilizing or manuring > [noun] > fertilizer or manure

fatnessc1420

amendment1483

manure1532

manuring1577

battling1600

dressing1600

worth1609

sucken1615

folding1626

fertilizera1661

sumen1662

recuperativec1679

field dressing1743

top-dressing1744

sweetener1765

settera1793

mendment1798

side dressing1819

substratum1822

manurer1829

liquid manure1837

soil amendment1915

side dress1920

Growmore1944

soil conditioner1952

1483 ( tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage of Soul (Caxton) iv. x. f. lxij^v Yet sawe I neuer tree that wold nought saue hym seluen by moysture..yf hit myght be and receyuen tylthe and amendement.

1621 T. Culpeper Tract against Usurie 6 For Vsury going at ten in the hundred, if a man borrow fiue pounds, and bestow it on an Acre of ground, the amendment stands him in ten shillings the yeere.

1699 J. Evelyn Acetaria 133 Chalk, Lime, and other sweet Soil and Amendments.

1754 Queries proposed Gentlemen 10 What Sorts of Manure or Amendment do they chiefly use for their Land, and what is the Price of it on the Spot?

1854 Jrnl. Agric. (Boston) Jan. 198/1 Some clays abound in fertilizing elements—they are actually rich, and only need amendment in their mechanical relations, to become highly productive.

1957 E. J. Russell World of Soil vii. 171 So great was the benefit to the succeeding crop and to the condition of the soil that farmers regularly spoke of the ‘golden hoof’ as the best amendment for light soils.

2002 OG Nov.–Dec. 37/1 Based on your soil tests, add organic amendments—such as rock phosphate to correct a phosphorus deficiency.

2. The action or fact of correcting or reforming one's own or another's conduct; moral or spiritual improvement; an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > reform, amendment, or correction > [noun]

chastyinga1300

amendmentc1300

risingc1350

castigationc1397

reclaima1400

reformation1425

emendationc1540

emendingc1542

recovery1542

reparence1556

emendment1569

reduction1610

reclamation1629

reclaimer1650

reform1738

c1300 Childhood Jesus (Laud) l. 294 in C. Horstmann Altengl. Legenden (1875) 1st Ser. 12 Jesus..fur ȝiuez..To heom þat mis doth..And huy wollen with hore talent Comen to amendement.

c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. iv. l. 122 A sarmon he made In amendement of [c1390 Vernon A. iii. l. 85 To a-Mende] meyres.

?c1450 tr. Bk. Knight of La Tour Landry (1906) 60 (MED) With-oute amendement thei be dampned.

1557 Bible (Whittingham) Matt. iii. 8 Y^e fruites belongyng to amendement of life.

1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 i. ii. 102 I see a good amendment of life in thee, from praying to purse-taking.

1629 W. Prynne Church of Englands Old Antithesis 82 What is the chiefe..ground..of most mens delaying amendment to their latter ends.

1729 W. Law Serious Call xxiii. 467 Without any remorse of mind, or true desire of amendment.

1839 J. H. Newman Parochial Serm. IV. vii. 111 Men commonly think..that amendment is an expiation.

1887 M. Creighton in L. Creighton Life & Lett. M. Creighton (1904) I. 375 Your letter will give me much food for meditation, and may in time lead to an amendment of my ways.

1967 J. Bowen After Rain 45 Sorrow by itself means nothing, unless it is accompanied by the intention of amendment.

1996 F. D. Logan Runaway Relig. in Medieval Eng. v. 136 They reappeared at the monastic gates, avowing contrition and promising amendment of their ways.

a. The action or fact of correcting an error or rectifying a problem, lack, etc.; an instance of this.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > amending > [noun]

rightingOE

mendmentc1300

amendment1340

correction1340

amendinga1382

mendinga1400

rectificationa1400

mendnessa1425

redress1448

addressment1481

redressa1529

remedying1547

redub1549

restauration1560

correcting1580

rightening1583

emendation1586

restitution1636

cure1675

reform1700

readjustment1749

remediation1794

redressal1800

redressment1822

1340 Ayenbite (1866) 83 Ase zayþ þe boc of þe art of knyȝthod, ine oþre quereles huanne me mysnymþ hou þet hit by uounde myd amendement [c1450 Bk. Vices & Virtues me fyndeþ wel a remedie and amendement].

1381 Diuersa Servicia in C. B. Hieatt & S. Butler Curye on Inglysch (1985) 71 For to make amendement for mete þat ys to salt.

a1450 (?1418) in J. Kail 26 Polit. Poems (1904) 63 Stryf wiþ comons, threp, and thro, To brynge þat in amendement, Eche man be war, er hym be wo.

1581 R. Mulcaster Positions xxx. 110 Exercise maye do good, bycause it will make that streight, which was croked..and so forth, still working the contrarie to the defect, and thereby the amendment.

1607 G. Markham Cavelarice ii. vi. 85 Thus much I thinke sufficient for the amendment of of [sic] this fault [sc. over-reaching in a horse].

1760 J. A. Genevois New Inq. tending Improv. Navigation 20 I have contrived an amendment to this fault, by means of which one explosion of powder will occasion four, five, six, or more strokes in the Oars.

1865 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia V. xviii. vii. 149 Deploring that sad mistake; but unpersuadable to stand, and try amendment of it.

1890 M. Oliphant Kirsteen II. iv. 63 ‘Try and say it like me—Gentle Jesus.’ ‘Dentle Desus,’ said the little ones with assured and smiling incorrectness incapable of amendment.

1992 J. Martin Encycl. Colored Pencil Techniques (1997) 29 The work with the eraser and blade has enhanced the impression of form and texture as well as allowing amendment of incorrect shapes and over-heavy color.

b. spec. Correction or removal of an error or errors in a book, document, etc.; emendation or revision of a text; an instance of this. Cf. amend v. 1a.

ΚΠ

a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) Prol. l. 83 (MED) This bok, upon amendment To stonde at his commandement..I sende unto myn oghne lord.

1489 W. Caxton De Roye's Doctrinal of Sapyence lxxxiij. sig. L. ix^v I submytte me and abandone thys boke to the correccion and amendement of all them that may and can amende it.

1599 F. Thynne Animaduersions (1875) 59 The former printe..deseruethe amendemente.

1676 P. Leycester Reply Sir T. Manwaring's Answer To Rdr. sig. A4 This was rather an amendment of my former book, then writing again de novo.

1759 W. H. Dilworth Life of Pope 17 Mr. Pope promised to revise his poems..finding great room for amendment.

1795 J. Nott tr. Catullus Poems I. 104 Vossius reads..without any amendment of the text, sopionibus.

1865 Examiner 25 Nov. 748/1 An edition differing from its predecessor in the well-disciplined courage and ripe judgment wherewith it accepts what is most acceptable in amendment of the text of the first folio [of Shakespeare].

1935 Rev. Eng. Stud. 11 493 There are also important references to Gulliver's Travels, which show..how far Swift took Ford into his confidence in the writing, publication, and textual amendment of the work.

1991 Independent (Nexis) 15 June (Weekend section) 28 The text of Ulysses..was patched together from numerous versions..and underwent a good deal of amendment before reaching its present form.

c. A correction, revision, or change made to the text of a book, document, etc.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > printing > correction > [noun]

correcting1580

amendment1676

1676 J. Williamson Let. 6 Feb. in H. Oldenburg Corr. (1986) XII. 265 To License the imprinting of such Bookes, or reprinting thereof with any Additions or Amendments, as according to the Direction, & intent of the said Statute are subjected to my Authority.

1785 J. M. Mason Comments Shakespeare's Plays 52 He should not..have adopted in the text the amendment of Warburton, which is unnecessary and unsupported.

1850 J. Roche Crit. & Misc. Ess. I. 1 This and the succeeding articles..are here represented with considerable amendments and additions.

1994 Mining Mag. (Nexis) July 40 Some weeks after receiving the book, the reviewer was sent a 13-page, A4 size 'Errata' supplement listing over 100 amendments to the text.

†4. The action or fact of repairing or mending something damaged or broken. Cf. mending n. 1b. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > industry > manufacturing processes > mending or repairing > [noun] > act of

amendment1389

amendingc1396

repair?c1450

recruit1691

rehaul1895

1389 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 58 He schal paye, to amendement of ye lyght, j.d.

1555 Act 2 & 3 Philip & Mary c. 8 in Statutes of Realm (1963) IV. i. 284 The Constables & Churchewardens of every parishe..shall..electe..twoo honest persons..to bee Surveyors & orderers..of the worckes for Amendement of the Highewais.

1575 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1878) 1st Ser. II. 432 To the..amendiment of the ruif.

1602 W. Fulbecke Parallele or Conf. Law ii. 52 The tenant may cut trees for the amendment of houses.

1682 London Gaz. 1755/3 [The Engine] has daily forced up great quantities of Water..without the least error or amendment.

1734 Act for repairing & amending Sea-ports in Lex Scripta Isle of Man (1819) 248 The Amendment and Safe-making of the said Ports and Harbours.

1773 (title) An Act to explain, amend, and reduce into one Act of Parliament, the statutes now in being, for the amendment and preservation of the publick highways.

1846 M. P. Merrifield Art of Fresco Painting p. vii I have collected and added such notices and extracts..relative to..the reparation and amendment of the walls and paintings, when injured by time and accident.

1912 Archaeol. Jrnl. 69 179 He had spent..much money on repairs, the amendment of the walls, houses, engines, barges and bridges, and on the construction of a new chapel within the Tower.

5. Law. The correction of an error or omission in some element of a legal process (as a writ, claim, pleading, etc.); an instance of this; a change so made. Cf. amend v. 2.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > administration of justice > process, writ, warrant, or order > [noun] > writ > correction of error in writ

amendmentc1523

c1523 J. Rastell Expos. Terminorum Legum Anglorum sig. A4iii/2 Amendment is whan errour is in the proces, the iustyce may amend it after iugement.

1651 N. Bacon Contin. Hist. Disc. Govt. xxxix. 299 Alteration and amendment of Process and Triall.

1792 B. J. Sellon Pract. Courts King's Bench I. xi. 500 Where a verdict was given for a greater sum than the amount of the damages laid in the declaration, court will suffer amendment to be made by plaintiff, entering a remittitur of the extra sum.

1809 T. E. Tomlins Jacob's Law-dict. G ij b/2 The court gave leave to file a right bill..This was done as an amendment at common law.

1887 Southern Reporter 1 238 This is a total departure from the judgment nisi, and necessitated the amendment of the writ.

1905 S. E. Baldwin Amer. Judiciary xvii. 238 An amendment of a legal process can logically be made only by the hand which originally prepared it.

2005 Irish Times Law Rep. (Nexis) 2 May 16 Where an application to the court for leave to make an amendment..is made after any relevant period of limitation current at the date of issue of the writ has expired, the court may nevertheless grant such leave..if it thinks it just to do so.

a. A formal change made to a parliamentary bill or an item of legislation brought before a legislative assembly, by the addition, removal, or rewording of a clause or provision; a clause, article, etc., proposed or accepted for insertion or substitution. Cf. amend v. 3. The purpose of an amendment to a parliamentary bill may in fact be to defeat the bill in question: see reasoned amendment n. at reasoned adj.² Compounds, wrecking amendment n. at wrecking adj. 1.

ΘΚΠ

society > law > legislation > [noun] > amendment of bill

amendment1581

reasoned amendment1904

wrecking amendment1967

society > law > written law > [noun] > clause > types of clause

amendment1581

sanction1651

tack1705

money clause1844

conscience clause1859

interpretation clause1897

joker1904

1581 Orig. Jrnls. House of Commons 1 Mar. 2 f. 136^v The addicions and amendments to the bill touchyng Tynners and spaliars.

1621 H. Elsynge Notes Deb. House of Lords (1870) 105 The amendements cannot be comprised in the parchement. They have newe wrytten yt.

1696 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) IV. 149 The commons reason for disagreeing to the lords amendment.

1710 London Gaz. No. 4523/2 A Bill for the better securing the Liberty of the Subject..was agreed to with some Amendments.

1883 Daily News 4 May 3/5 The House divided on the amendment by Sir R. Cross, that the bill be read a second time on that day six months.

1977 Whitaker's Almanack 348/2 A Lords amendment to the Race Relations Bill..was reversed in the Commons on Oct. 27.

2011 Guardian (Nexis) 5 Oct. 9 An amendment that, if passed, would effectively stall the bill in committee.

b. A proposed alteration in the terms of a resolution submitted to a public meeting for adoption; (also) a resolution proposed instead of or in opposition to another, a counter-motion.

ΚΠ

1740 London Mag. June 278/2 I shall make you the Motion for an Amendment, in Form thus: That the Motion..should be amended by leaving out the Words, That it gives inexpressible Concern &c.

1795 A. Kilham Earnest Addr. to Preachers 21 Any member may say what he thinks right on the propriety or impropriety of a motion made, propose an amendment, &c. before he or any second the motion.

1861 Lancet 15 June 597/1 Dr. W. T. Gairdner said he could not vote either for the motion or the amendment, but he could vote for the following amendment, which he begged to propose [etc.]

1950 Amer. Archivist 13 51 The Chair then called for a vote on the amendment, which was lost, followed by a vote on the resolution, which was passed.

2010 Irish News (Nexis) 28 June 24 Rev J Nolan..proposed that no candidate be selected that day... However, Very Rev Canon Kerr..proposed that the convention should select a candidate. The amendment was carried on a vote.

a. The action or process of making a change to an existing law, statute, or constitution; an instance of such change.

ΚΠ

1643 W. Prynne Treachery & Disloyalty of Papists 26 Stephen Earle of Mortaine (who had no good Title) assembling the Bishops and Peeres at London, promising to them an amendment of the Lawes according to all their pleasures and liking, was by them all proclamed king.

1717 Polit. State Great-Brit. Oct. 307 That leave be given to bring in Heads of a Bill, to prevent the destruction of Timber-Trees and Woods, and for amendment of the Laws already made for that purpose.

1789 Acts Congress U.S. 4 Mar. 1789 182 Resolved, by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, two-thirds of both Houses concurring, That the following articles be proposed to the legislatures of the several states, as amendments to the constitution of the United States.

1922 Financial Times 3 May 5/3 The Budget debate was resumed on the general resolution authorising amendment of the law relating to Customs and Inland Revenue.

1953 P. H. Partridge in G. Caiger Austral. Way of Life iv. 71 Proposed amendments to the [Australian] Constitution since the beginning of federation have dealt almost invariably with suggestions for enlarging Commonwealth powers.

b. With an identifying ordinal number prefixed.

(a) spec. (originally U.S.). Frequently with capital initial. Each of the twenty-seven articles formally added to the constitution of the United States since 1789.Provision for amendment was included in the original constitution of 1787; the first ten amendments, ratified in 1791 after being proposed in 1789, are collectively known as the Bill of Rights (Bill of Rights n. 2b). first amendment: an article protecting freedom of religion, the press, and speech. second amendment: an article protecting the right to keep and bear arms.See also to take the Fifth Amendment at fifth adj. 1d.

ΚΠ

1805 Relfs Philadelphia Gaz. & Daily Advertiser 17 Jan. 2/5 The right of the people peaceably to assemble and petition the government for a redress of grievances, is declared and warranted by the first amendment to the constitution. To this constitution we appeal.

1809 W. Cranch Rep. Supreme Court U.S. 4 451 By the 5th amendment to the constitution, no person shall be deprived of property, without due process of law... By the 7th amendment, in suits at common law the right of trial by jury shall be preserved.

1814 Daily National Intelligencer (Washington) 30 Dec. The states..procured an ‘amendment’ to the constitution in these words:—2d. Amend. ‘A well regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed.’

1879 N. Amer. Rev. Mar. 281 Slavery having been constitutionally abolished by the adoption of the Thirteenth Amendment, the question of suffrage was unsettled.

1920 Times 18 May 15/5 It was expected that the Supreme Court would give its decision yesterday as to the legality of the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibiting the sale and manufacture of intoxicating liquors.

1974 Jrnl. Criminal Law & Criminol. 65 204/2 The right to counsel guaranteed by the sixth amendment continues to be delineated by both federal and state courts.

2006 Washington Post 28 June (Home ed.) b6/2 I've always tested the limits of the First Amendment... I'm a great believer in letting anybody publish the most outrageous, unpopular things there are.

2018 @8bWd8 25 Mar. in twitter.com (accessed 26 Feb. 2019) The second amendment clearly was never intended to allow the people of the United States the right to bear weapons of war.

(b) As a modifier in the same sense, esp. with reference to rights secured by the specified amendment.

ΚΠ

1922 Proposed Amendm. Transportation Act, 1920: Hearings before Comm. Interstate & Foreign Commerce (U.S. House of Representatives, 67th Congr., 2nd Sess.) 718 I was trying to show the impracticability of the so-called confiscation test as a protection to the carriers, or the fourteenth amendment protection, which had been suggested..to me the other day as all the relief that the carriers could possibly need.

1950 Columbia Law Rev. 50 1134 The clearly defined Fifteenth Amendment right not to be discriminated against in the exercise of the electoral franchise on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.

1981 Amer. Bar Assoc. Jrnl. 67 338/1 Despite Hentoff's evident personal subscription to First Amendment freedoms, his book is quite temperate.

2010 Observer (Nexis) 17 Oct. 44 Gun owners demand their Second Amendment rights.

8. Alteration, modification (with or without implication of improvement); an instance of this. Cf. amend v. 9.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > change > [noun] > change within limits, variation, or modification

variation1502

diversification1603

flexion1603

divisiona1616

amendment1653

variating1653

sophistication1664

modulation1674

vacillation1769

modification1775

variorum1776

modifyinga1853

tropicalization1893

mod1943

1653 tr. L. van Aitzema Notable Revol. Netherlands 648 Not onely the Citie Councils themselvs, could not bee erected without the special Grant from the Earldom; but likewise not the Least amendment, alteration or ampliation thereof could bee made without the like Grant.

1796 J. Donaldson Mod. Agric. IV. 175 People there are who oppose any amendment, because every alteration is a reform.

1835 W. Irving My Aunt Charity in Beauties 63 Wherever she went, Mrs. Sipkins had anticipated her; and..my unhappy aunt was obliged to..listen to the whole affair, with numerous additions, alterations, and amendments!

1843 J. S. Mill Syst. Logic I. Introd. 2 Has adopted the above definition with an amendment.

1908 Gleanings Bee Culture 1 Oct. 1179/2 There is always room at the top. I heard a good amendment to the above the other day. There is always room at the top, and the elevator is now running.

1995 I. Banks Whit (1996) xx. 333 I would embark upon my mission sooner rather than later,..before the results of these most recent infamies became too set in stone to suffer amendment.

II. Senses relating to making amends. Cf. amend v. III.

9. The action of making amends; reparation, compensation, redress. In later use only in to make amendment (also amendments): = to make amends at amends n. Phrases 1. Now rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > reform, amendment, or correction > atonement > [noun]

boot971

edbotec1315

amendmentc1325

amendsc1330

assethe1340

enoughbote1340

satisfaction1340

redress1384

menda1400

redemptiona1400

curation?c1400

amends making?a1425

mends-makinga1425

recompensec1425

expiation1482

agreement1526

contentation1535

sythmentc1540

syth1567

atonement-making1587

atonement1611

piation1623

atone1868

c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 1242 (MED) Þis erl..wolde, vorto abatie strif, Do hey amendement, sauue lume & lif.

c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Reeve's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 265 Syn I sal haue naan amendement Agayn my los.

a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 79 Yef the pees and the a-mendement to the lady lay in me.

1623 J. Mabbe tr. M. Alemán Rogue (new ed.) ii. iv. 124 To make amendment for so foule a fault.

1694 R. Franck Northern Mem. 82 In the mean time, let me restitute some part of Amendment, by an easy, tho solitary Journy over this mountanous Country to sweeten your Entertainment.

1702 W. Harrison Serm. 9 To make Amendment for this Miscarriage, he consecrates the Beginning of his own Government and Reign with an Act de arcâ reducenda, for bringing back the Ark.

1837 Lady's Mag. & Museum Feb. 130/2 He has in some measure tried to cultivate his mental powers, and make amendments for the past.

2009 J. A. M. Bamdas Emerging Narr. of Native Amer, Asian Amer. & Afr. Amer. Women vii. 260 The general manager of the company gave the family a brand new car in order to..make amendments for their mistakes.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2020; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	amendment
释义	amendmentn. Brit. /əˈmɛn(d)m(ə)nt/, U.S. /əˈmɛn(d)mənt/ Forms: Middle English amendemente, Middle English amendiment, Middle English amendyment, Middle English–1600s amendement, Middle English– amendment, 1500s admendement, 1500s admendemente, 1500s amendmente; Scottish pre-1700 amendament, pre-1700 amendement, pre-1700 amendiment, pre-1700 1700s– amendment. Origin: A borrowing from French. Etymon: French amendment. Etymology: < Anglo-Norman amendment, amendiment, amaundement, Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French amendement, Middle French amandement (French amendement ) advancement, improvement (first half of the 12th cent. with reference to a person's state, 1174 with reference to moral or spiritual improvement, 13th cent. with reference to a person's health), reparation, redress (1174), action of repairing something damaged or broken (c1300 or earlier), correction of an error in some element of the legal process (14th cent. or earlier), any operation which ameliorates the soil (a1425), any substance which ameliorates the soil, fertilizer (a1440) < amender , amander , amaunder amend v. + -ment -ment suffix. Compare mendment n., and also later amends n.Compare Old Occitan amendamen reparation, compensation, redress. Specific forms. With forms with initial ad- , compare Middle French admendement (late 14th cent. or earlier), and see discussion at amend v. Specific senses. In the specific legal use in sense 6a, French amendement was reborrowed < English in the late 18th cent. (originally in the form amendment ). In to make amendment at sense 9 after Anglo-Norman and Old French, Middle French faire amendement (second half of the 13th cent. or earlier); compare to make amends at amends n. Phrases 1. I. Senses relating to correction, improvement, or alteration. 1. a. Generally: improvement, amelioration; esp. the action or process of making something bad or unsatisfactory better; an instance of this. Now rare. †to do (a person) amendment: to benefit (a person) (obsolete). ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > improvement > [noun] betteringeOE amendmentc1230 bote of beam1330 meliorationa1400 upraisingc1400 reformation?a1425 amelioration?a1450 enrichinga1513 amendsa1547 gooding1567 betterment1594 meliorization1599 endearment1612 raisure1613 betterance1614 ascenta1616 ascension1617 enrichmenta1626 improvement1625 booty beam1642 meliorating1647 bonification1652 uplift1873 work1914 pickupa1916 upgrading1920 tone-up1943 stepping1958 upgradation1979 upgrade1980 c1230 (?a1200) Ancrene Riwle (Corpus Cambr.) (1962) 131 Þet ich ne muhe him tellen. þe mei don þe amendement. c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 8342 (MED) No maner hope hii nadde to amendement to come. a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) viii. l. 1654 If ther be amendement To glad with this woful king. a1475 ( S. Scrope tr. Dicts & Sayings Philosophers (Bodl. 943) (1999) 286 The bountee of wisemen euer gothe in a-mendement..the malices of fooles gothe daily in a-peirement. 1596 W. Lambarde Perambulation of Kent (rev. ed.) 290 A faire to be holden..for the amendment of the Towne. 1649 Declar. to Eng. Nation 4 Amendment of your decayed Trade, the only subsistency of your Corporations. a1705 J. Ray Wisdom of God (1722) ii. 238 Her [sc. Nature's] Works are so perfect that there is no Place for Amendments. 1824 Jackson's Oxf. Jrnl. 4 Dec. Our late prospect of an amendment in the weather has failed, and the low lands continue to be deluged. 1857 J. Ruskin Polit. Econ. Art Add. 186 Do you think there are any points in which our English legislation is capable of amendment, as it bears on commercial and economical matters. 1905 I. A. Taylor Life Queen Henrietta Maria I. xiii. 271 With the amendment in the Royalist fortunes, Henrietta's eyes turned more and more longingly towards England. 1931 Evening Sun (Hanover, Pa.) 13 June 4/5 It almost looked as if the prevalent fashions had taken their cue from the sudden amendment of the weather. †b. Improvement in health; recovery from illness. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > healing > recovery > [noun] healingc1000 healc1175 coveringc1230 recovering1380 curinga1382 amendmenta1400 recoverancea1400 sanationc1440 refeting?a1450 mendingc1480 convalescence1490 recovery1533 amendsa1616 restoration1638 upsitting1647 convalescing1650 convalescency1651 reconvalescence1672 analepsis1749 invalescence1755 reformation1772 revalescence1823 pickupa1916 a1400 (c1303) R. Mannyng Handlyng Synne (Harl.) l. 9225 Ne neuer hadde þey amendement..at any corseynt, But at þe vyrgyne Seynt Edyght. 1526 Bible (Tyndale) Mark v. 26 [She]..felte none amendment [ Wyclif, was no thing amendid] at all, But wexed worsse. a1616 W. Shakespeare All's Well that ends Well (1623) i. i. 11 Mo. What hope is there of his Maiesties amendment? Laf. He hath abandon'd his Phisitions Madam. View more context for this quotation 1745 H. Walpole Let. 4 Mar. in Lett. to H. Mann (1833) II. 24 His recovery is now at such a pause..it is in vain to expect much farther amendment. 1789 R. F. Greville Diary 17 Feb. (1930) 228 The King for some time past, had been in a State of Amendment &..he was this day in a state of convalescence. 1814 J. Austen Mansfield Park III. xvi. 260 Tom's amendment was alarmingly slow. View more context for this quotation 1923 Brit. Med. Jrnl. 21 Apr. 672/2 It is now fully recognized that such symptoms may, and often do, occur in the ‘cardiac kidney’, but in the case of the patient's amendment pass off entirely. c. Originally: action taken to improve the texture, drainage, or fertility of soil. In later use chiefly: something added to soil for this purpose. Cf. amend v. 8c.soil amendment: see soil n.¹ Compounds 2. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > reclamation > [noun] amendment1483 improvement1549 improvinga1563 recoverya1632 mendment1644 cultivation1791 reclaim1799 reclamation1810 intaking1812 redemption1812 clearing1821 reclaimment1852 land reclamation1881 breaking-in1891 greening1955 the world > food and drink > farming > cultivation or tillage > preparation of land or soil > fertilizing or manuring > [noun] > fertilizer or manure fatnessc1420 amendment1483 manure1532 manuring1577 battling1600 dressing1600 worth1609 sucken1615 folding1626 fertilizera1661 sumen1662 recuperativec1679 field dressing1743 top-dressing1744 sweetener1765 settera1793 mendment1798 side dressing1819 substratum1822 manurer1829 liquid manure1837 soil amendment1915 side dress1920 Growmore1944 soil conditioner1952 1483 ( tr. G. Deguileville Pilgrimage of Soul (Caxton) iv. x. f. lxij^v Yet sawe I neuer tree that wold nought saue hym seluen by moysture..yf hit myght be and receyuen tylthe and amendement. 1621 T. Culpeper Tract against Usurie 6 For Vsury going at ten in the hundred, if a man borrow fiue pounds, and bestow it on an Acre of ground, the amendment stands him in ten shillings the yeere. 1699 J. Evelyn Acetaria 133 Chalk, Lime, and other sweet Soil and Amendments. 1754 Queries proposed Gentlemen 10 What Sorts of Manure or Amendment do they chiefly use for their Land, and what is the Price of it on the Spot? 1854 Jrnl. Agric. (Boston) Jan. 198/1 Some clays abound in fertilizing elements—they are actually rich, and only need amendment in their mechanical relations, to become highly productive. 1957 E. J. Russell World of Soil vii. 171 So great was the benefit to the succeeding crop and to the condition of the soil that farmers regularly spoke of the ‘golden hoof’ as the best amendment for light soils. 2002 OG Nov.–Dec. 37/1 Based on your soil tests, add organic amendments—such as rock phosphate to correct a phosphorus deficiency. 2. The action or fact of correcting or reforming one's own or another's conduct; moral or spiritual improvement; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ society > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > reform, amendment, or correction > [noun] chastyinga1300 amendmentc1300 risingc1350 castigationc1397 reclaima1400 reformation1425 emendationc1540 emendingc1542 recovery1542 reparence1556 emendment1569 reduction1610 reclamation1629 reclaimer1650 reform1738 c1300 Childhood Jesus (Laud) l. 294 in C. Horstmann Altengl. Legenden (1875) 1st Ser. 12 Jesus..fur ȝiuez..To heom þat mis doth..And huy wollen with hore talent Comen to amendement. c1400 (?a1387) W. Langland Piers Plowman (Huntington HM 137) (1873) C. iv. l. 122 A sarmon he made In amendement of [c1390 Vernon A. iii. l. 85 To a-Mende] meyres. ?c1450 tr. Bk. Knight of La Tour Landry (1906) 60 (MED) With-oute amendement thei be dampned. 1557 Bible (Whittingham) Matt. iii. 8 Y^e fruites belongyng to amendement of life. 1598 W. Shakespeare Henry IV, Pt. 1 i. ii. 102 I see a good amendment of life in thee, from praying to purse-taking. View more context for this quotation 1629 W. Prynne Church of Englands Old Antithesis 82 What is the chiefe..ground..of most mens delaying amendment to their latter ends. 1729 W. Law Serious Call xxiii. 467 Without any remorse of mind, or true desire of amendment. 1839 J. H. Newman Parochial Serm. IV. vii. 111 Men commonly think..that amendment is an expiation. 1887 M. Creighton in L. Creighton Life & Lett. M. Creighton (1904) I. 375 Your letter will give me much food for meditation, and may in time lead to an amendment of my ways. 1967 J. Bowen After Rain 45 Sorrow by itself means nothing, unless it is accompanied by the intention of amendment. 1996 F. D. Logan Runaway Relig. in Medieval Eng. v. 136 They reappeared at the monastic gates, avowing contrition and promising amendment of their ways. 3. a. The action or fact of correcting an error or rectifying a problem, lack, etc.; an instance of this. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > amending > [noun] rightingOE mendmentc1300 amendment1340 correction1340 amendinga1382 mendinga1400 rectificationa1400 mendnessa1425 redress1448 addressment1481 redressa1529 remedying1547 redub1549 restauration1560 correcting1580 rightening1583 emendation1586 restitution1636 cure1675 reform1700 readjustment1749 remediation1794 redressal1800 redressment1822 1340 Ayenbite (1866) 83 Ase zayþ þe boc of þe art of knyȝthod, ine oþre quereles huanne me mysnymþ hou þet hit by uounde myd amendement [c1450 Bk. Vices & Virtues me fyndeþ wel a remedie and amendement]. 1381 Diuersa Servicia in C. B. Hieatt & S. Butler Curye on Inglysch (1985) 71 For to make amendement for mete þat ys to salt. a1450 (?1418) in J. Kail 26 Polit. Poems (1904) 63 Stryf wiþ comons, threp, and thro, To brynge þat in amendement, Eche man be war, er hym be wo. 1581 R. Mulcaster Positions xxx. 110 Exercise maye do good, bycause it will make that streight, which was croked..and so forth, still working the contrarie to the defect, and thereby the amendment. 1607 G. Markham Cavelarice ii. vi. 85 Thus much I thinke sufficient for the amendment of of [sic] this fault [sc. over-reaching in a horse]. 1760 J. A. Genevois New Inq. tending Improv. Navigation 20 I have contrived an amendment to this fault, by means of which one explosion of powder will occasion four, five, six, or more strokes in the Oars. 1865 T. Carlyle Hist. Friedrich II of Prussia V. xviii. vii. 149 Deploring that sad mistake; but unpersuadable to stand, and try amendment of it. 1890 M. Oliphant Kirsteen II. iv. 63 ‘Try and say it like me—Gentle Jesus.’ ‘Dentle Desus,’ said the little ones with assured and smiling incorrectness incapable of amendment. 1992 J. Martin Encycl. Colored Pencil Techniques (1997) 29 The work with the eraser and blade has enhanced the impression of form and texture as well as allowing amendment of incorrect shapes and over-heavy color. b. spec. Correction or removal of an error or errors in a book, document, etc.; emendation or revision of a text; an instance of this. Cf. amend v. 1a. ΚΠ a1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis (Fairf.) Prol. l. 83 (MED) This bok, upon amendment To stonde at his commandement..I sende unto myn oghne lord. 1489 W. Caxton De Roye's Doctrinal of Sapyence lxxxiij. sig. L. ix^v I submytte me and abandone thys boke to the correccion and amendement of all them that may and can amende it. 1599 F. Thynne Animaduersions (1875) 59 The former printe..deseruethe amendemente. 1676 P. Leycester Reply Sir T. Manwaring's Answer To Rdr. sig. A4 This was rather an amendment of my former book, then writing again de novo. 1759 W. H. Dilworth Life of Pope 17 Mr. Pope promised to revise his poems..finding great room for amendment. 1795 J. Nott tr. Catullus Poems I. 104 Vossius reads..without any amendment of the text, sopionibus. 1865 Examiner 25 Nov. 748/1 An edition differing from its predecessor in the well-disciplined courage and ripe judgment wherewith it accepts what is most acceptable in amendment of the text of the first folio [of Shakespeare]. 1935 Rev. Eng. Stud. 11 493 There are also important references to Gulliver's Travels, which show..how far Swift took Ford into his confidence in the writing, publication, and textual amendment of the work. 1991 Independent (Nexis) 15 June (Weekend section) 28 The text of Ulysses..was patched together from numerous versions..and underwent a good deal of amendment before reaching its present form. c. A correction, revision, or change made to the text of a book, document, etc. ΘΚΠ society > communication > printing > correction > [noun] correcting1580 amendment1676 1676 J. Williamson Let. 6 Feb. in H. Oldenburg Corr. (1986) XII. 265 To License the imprinting of such Bookes, or reprinting thereof with any Additions or Amendments, as according to the Direction, & intent of the said Statute are subjected to my Authority. 1785 J. M. Mason Comments Shakespeare's Plays 52 He should not..have adopted in the text the amendment of Warburton, which is unnecessary and unsupported. 1850 J. Roche Crit. & Misc. Ess. I. 1 This and the succeeding articles..are here represented with considerable amendments and additions. 1994 Mining Mag. (Nexis) July 40 Some weeks after receiving the book, the reviewer was sent a 13-page, A4 size 'Errata' supplement listing over 100 amendments to the text. †4. The action or fact of repairing or mending something damaged or broken. Cf. mending n. 1b. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > industry > manufacturing processes > mending or repairing > [noun] > act of amendment1389 amendingc1396 repair?c1450 recruit1691 rehaul1895 1389 in J. T. Smith & L. T. Smith Eng. Gilds (1870) 58 He schal paye, to amendement of ye lyght, j.d. 1555 Act 2 & 3 Philip & Mary c. 8 in Statutes of Realm (1963) IV. i. 284 The Constables & Churchewardens of every parishe..shall..electe..twoo honest persons..to bee Surveyors & orderers..of the worckes for Amendement of the Highewais. 1575 in J. H. Burton Reg. Privy Council Scotl. (1878) 1st Ser. II. 432 To the..amendiment of the ruif. 1602 W. Fulbecke Parallele or Conf. Law ii. 52 The tenant may cut trees for the amendment of houses. 1682 London Gaz. 1755/3 [The Engine] has daily forced up great quantities of Water..without the least error or amendment. 1734 Act for repairing & amending Sea-ports in Lex Scripta Isle of Man (1819) 248 The Amendment and Safe-making of the said Ports and Harbours. 1773 (title) An Act to explain, amend, and reduce into one Act of Parliament, the statutes now in being, for the amendment and preservation of the publick highways. 1846 M. P. Merrifield Art of Fresco Painting p. vii I have collected and added such notices and extracts..relative to..the reparation and amendment of the walls and paintings, when injured by time and accident. 1912 Archaeol. Jrnl. 69 179 He had spent..much money on repairs, the amendment of the walls, houses, engines, barges and bridges, and on the construction of a new chapel within the Tower. 5. Law. The correction of an error or omission in some element of a legal process (as a writ, claim, pleading, etc.); an instance of this; a change so made. Cf. amend v. 2. ΘΚΠ society > law > administration of justice > process, writ, warrant, or order > [noun] > writ > correction of error in writ amendmentc1523 c1523 J. Rastell Expos. Terminorum Legum Anglorum sig. A4iii/2 Amendment is whan errour is in the proces, the iustyce may amend it after iugement. 1651 N. Bacon Contin. Hist. Disc. Govt. xxxix. 299 Alteration and amendment of Process and Triall. 1792 B. J. Sellon Pract. Courts King's Bench I. xi. 500 Where a verdict was given for a greater sum than the amount of the damages laid in the declaration, court will suffer amendment to be made by plaintiff, entering a remittitur of the extra sum. 1809 T. E. Tomlins Jacob's Law-dict. G ij b/2 The court gave leave to file a right bill..This was done as an amendment at common law. 1887 Southern Reporter 1 238 This is a total departure from the judgment nisi, and necessitated the amendment of the writ. 1905 S. E. Baldwin Amer. Judiciary xvii. 238 An amendment of a legal process can logically be made only by the hand which originally prepared it. 2005 Irish Times Law Rep. (Nexis) 2 May 16 Where an application to the court for leave to make an amendment..is made after any relevant period of limitation current at the date of issue of the writ has expired, the court may nevertheless grant such leave..if it thinks it just to do so. 6. a. A formal change made to a parliamentary bill or an item of legislation brought before a legislative assembly, by the addition, removal, or rewording of a clause or provision; a clause, article, etc., proposed or accepted for insertion or substitution. Cf. amend v. 3. The purpose of an amendment to a parliamentary bill may in fact be to defeat the bill in question: see reasoned amendment n. at reasoned adj.² Compounds, wrecking amendment n. at wrecking adj. 1. ΘΚΠ society > law > legislation > [noun] > amendment of bill amendment1581 reasoned amendment1904 wrecking amendment1967 society > law > written law > [noun] > clause > types of clause amendment1581 sanction1651 tack1705 money clause1844 conscience clause1859 interpretation clause1897 joker1904 1581 Orig. Jrnls. House of Commons 1 Mar. 2 f. 136^v The addicions and amendments to the bill touchyng Tynners and spaliars. 1621 H. Elsynge Notes Deb. House of Lords (1870) 105 The amendements cannot be comprised in the parchement. They have newe wrytten yt. 1696 N. Luttrell Diary in Brief Hist. Relation State Affairs (1857) IV. 149 The commons reason for disagreeing to the lords amendment. 1710 London Gaz. No. 4523/2 A Bill for the better securing the Liberty of the Subject..was agreed to with some Amendments. 1883 Daily News 4 May 3/5 The House divided on the amendment by Sir R. Cross, that the bill be read a second time on that day six months. 1977 Whitaker's Almanack 348/2 A Lords amendment to the Race Relations Bill..was reversed in the Commons on Oct. 27. 2011 Guardian (Nexis) 5 Oct. 9 An amendment that, if passed, would effectively stall the bill in committee. b. A proposed alteration in the terms of a resolution submitted to a public meeting for adoption; (also) a resolution proposed instead of or in opposition to another, a counter-motion. ΚΠ 1740 London Mag. June 278/2 I shall make you the Motion for an Amendment, in Form thus: That the Motion..should be amended by leaving out the Words, That it gives inexpressible Concern &c. 1795 A. Kilham Earnest Addr. to Preachers 21 Any member may say what he thinks right on the propriety or impropriety of a motion made, propose an amendment, &c. before he or any second the motion. 1861 Lancet 15 June 597/1 Dr. W. T. Gairdner said he could not vote either for the motion or the amendment, but he could vote for the following amendment, which he begged to propose [etc.] 1950 Amer. Archivist 13 51 The Chair then called for a vote on the amendment, which was lost, followed by a vote on the resolution, which was passed. 2010 Irish News (Nexis) 28 June 24 Rev J Nolan..proposed that no candidate be selected that day... However, Very Rev Canon Kerr..proposed that the convention should select a candidate. The amendment was carried on a vote. 7. a. The action or process of making a change to an existing law, statute, or constitution; an instance of such change. ΚΠ 1643 W. Prynne Treachery & Disloyalty of Papists 26 Stephen Earle of Mortaine (who had no good Title) assembling the Bishops and Peeres at London, promising to them an amendment of the Lawes according to all their pleasures and liking, was by them all proclamed king. 1717 Polit. State Great-Brit. Oct. 307 That leave be given to bring in Heads of a Bill, to prevent the destruction of Timber-Trees and Woods, and for amendment of the Laws already made for that purpose. 1789 Acts Congress U.S. 4 Mar. 1789 182 Resolved, by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, two-thirds of both Houses concurring, That the following articles be proposed to the legislatures of the several states, as amendments to the constitution of the United States. 1922 Financial Times 3 May 5/3 The Budget debate was resumed on the general resolution authorising amendment of the law relating to Customs and Inland Revenue. 1953 P. H. Partridge in G. Caiger Austral. Way of Life iv. 71 Proposed amendments to the [Australian] Constitution since the beginning of federation have dealt almost invariably with suggestions for enlarging Commonwealth powers. b. With an identifying ordinal number prefixed. (a) spec. (originally U.S.). Frequently with capital initial. Each of the twenty-seven articles formally added to the constitution of the United States since 1789.Provision for amendment was included in the original constitution of 1787; the first ten amendments, ratified in 1791 after being proposed in 1789, are collectively known as the Bill of Rights (Bill of Rights n. 2b). first amendment: an article protecting freedom of religion, the press, and speech. second amendment: an article protecting the right to keep and bear arms.See also to take the Fifth Amendment at fifth adj. 1d. ΚΠ 1805 Relfs Philadelphia Gaz. & Daily Advertiser 17 Jan. 2/5 The right of the people peaceably to assemble and petition the government for a redress of grievances, is declared and warranted by the first amendment to the constitution. To this constitution we appeal. 1809 W. Cranch Rep. Supreme Court U.S. 4 451 By the 5th amendment to the constitution, no person shall be deprived of property, without due process of law... By the 7th amendment, in suits at common law the right of trial by jury shall be preserved. 1814 Daily National Intelligencer (Washington) 30 Dec. The states..procured an ‘amendment’ to the constitution in these words:—2d. Amend. ‘A well regulated militia being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms shall not be infringed.’ 1879 N. Amer. Rev. Mar. 281 Slavery having been constitutionally abolished by the adoption of the Thirteenth Amendment, the question of suffrage was unsettled. 1920 Times 18 May 15/5 It was expected that the Supreme Court would give its decision yesterday as to the legality of the Eighteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution prohibiting the sale and manufacture of intoxicating liquors. 1974 Jrnl. Criminal Law & Criminol. 65 204/2 The right to counsel guaranteed by the sixth amendment continues to be delineated by both federal and state courts. 2006 Washington Post 28 June (Home ed.) b6/2 I've always tested the limits of the First Amendment... I'm a great believer in letting anybody publish the most outrageous, unpopular things there are. 2018 @8bWd8 25 Mar. in twitter.com (accessed 26 Feb. 2019) The second amendment clearly was never intended to allow the people of the United States the right to bear weapons of war. (b) As a modifier in the same sense, esp. with reference to rights secured by the specified amendment. ΚΠ 1922 Proposed Amendm. Transportation Act, 1920: Hearings before Comm. Interstate & Foreign Commerce (U.S. House of Representatives, 67th Congr., 2nd Sess.) 718 I was trying to show the impracticability of the so-called confiscation test as a protection to the carriers, or the fourteenth amendment protection, which had been suggested..to me the other day as all the relief that the carriers could possibly need. 1950 Columbia Law Rev. 50 1134 The clearly defined Fifteenth Amendment right not to be discriminated against in the exercise of the electoral franchise on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude. 1981 Amer. Bar Assoc. Jrnl. 67 338/1 Despite Hentoff's evident personal subscription to First Amendment freedoms, his book is quite temperate. 2010 Observer (Nexis) 17 Oct. 44 Gun owners demand their Second Amendment rights. 8. Alteration, modification (with or without implication of improvement); an instance of this. Cf. amend v. 9. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > [noun] > change within limits, variation, or modification variation1502 diversification1603 flexion1603 divisiona1616 amendment1653 variating1653 sophistication1664 modulation1674 vacillation1769 modification1775 variorum1776 modifyinga1853 tropicalization1893 mod1943 1653 tr. L. van Aitzema Notable Revol. Netherlands 648 Not onely the Citie Councils themselvs, could not bee erected without the special Grant from the Earldom; but likewise not the Least amendment, alteration or ampliation thereof could bee made without the like Grant. 1796 J. Donaldson Mod. Agric. IV. 175 People there are who oppose any amendment, because every alteration is a reform. 1835 W. Irving My Aunt Charity in Beauties 63 Wherever she went, Mrs. Sipkins had anticipated her; and..my unhappy aunt was obliged to..listen to the whole affair, with numerous additions, alterations, and amendments! 1843 J. S. Mill Syst. Logic I. Introd. 2 Has adopted the above definition with an amendment. 1908 Gleanings Bee Culture 1 Oct. 1179/2 There is always room at the top. I heard a good amendment to the above the other day. There is always room at the top, and the elevator is now running. 1995 I. Banks Whit (1996) xx. 333 I would embark upon my mission sooner rather than later,..before the results of these most recent infamies became too set in stone to suffer amendment. II. Senses relating to making amends. Cf. amend v. III. 9. The action of making amends; reparation, compensation, redress. In later use only in to make amendment (also amendments): = to make amends at amends n. Phrases 1. Now rare. ΘΚΠ society > morality > virtue > righteousness or rectitude > reform, amendment, or correction > atonement > [noun] boot971 edbotec1315 amendmentc1325 amendsc1330 assethe1340 enoughbote1340 satisfaction1340 redress1384 menda1400 redemptiona1400 curation?c1400 amends making?a1425 mends-makinga1425 recompensec1425 expiation1482 agreement1526 contentation1535 sythmentc1540 syth1567 atonement-making1587 atonement1611 piation1623 atone1868 c1325 (c1300) Chron. Robert of Gloucester (Calig.) 1242 (MED) Þis erl..wolde, vorto abatie strif, Do hey amendement, sauue lume & lif. c1405 (c1390) G. Chaucer Reeve's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 265 Syn I sal haue naan amendement Agayn my los. a1500 (?c1450) Merlin 79 Yef the pees and the a-mendement to the lady lay in me. 1623 J. Mabbe tr. M. Alemán Rogue (new ed.) ii. iv. 124 To make amendment for so foule a fault. 1694 R. Franck Northern Mem. 82 In the mean time, let me restitute some part of Amendment, by an easy, tho solitary Journy over this mountanous Country to sweeten your Entertainment. 1702 W. Harrison Serm. 9 To make Amendment for this Miscarriage, he consecrates the Beginning of his own Government and Reign with an Act de arcâ reducenda, for bringing back the Ark. 1837 Lady's Mag. & Museum Feb. 130/2 He has in some measure tried to cultivate his mental powers, and make amendments for the past. 2009 J. A. M. Bamdas Emerging Narr. of Native Amer, Asian Amer. & Afr. Amer. Women vii. 260 The general manager of the company gave the family a brand new car in order to..make amendments for their mistakes. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2020; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.c1230
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