α. 1500s– American.
β. Chiefly humorous and nonstandard 1900s– Americun, 1900s– Amerkin, 1900s– Amerricun, 1900s– Amurkin.
单词 | american |
释义 | Americann.adj.α. 1500s– American. β. Chiefly humorous and nonstandard 1900s– Americun, 1900s– Amerkin, 1900s– Amerricun, 1900s– Amurkin. A. n. 1. An indigenous inhabitant of (any part of) the Americas; an American Indian. Now only with modifying word, as indigenous American, original American, etc.; see also Native American n. 1. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > Amerindian > [noun] Indian1553 American1568 Native Americana1628 native1636 American Native1648 American Indian1650 Injun1666 Canada Indian1688 red man1740 North American Indian1748 redskinc1769 buckskin1783 Red Indian1788 red1795 North American1825 copperhead1838 neechee1850 Lo1871 Amerind1899 Amerindian1899 1568 T. Hacket tr. A. Thevet New Found Worlde xxxviii. f. 57 These Americans [Fr. Ameriques] do neuer make amongst them any paction or concorde. 1578 G. Best True Disc. Passage to Cathaya iii. 61 They are naturally borne children of the same couloure & complexion as all the Americans are, which dwell vnder the Equinoctiall line. 1633 W. Drummond Entertainm. Charles King of Great Brit. 7 Her attyre was of divers coloured feathers, which shew her to bee an American. 1686 S. Sewall Let. 15 Feb. in Let.-bk. (1886) I. 23 The Americans wellfare here..may be much forwarded by the ministers and Christians in England helping together. 1711 J. Addison Spectator No. 56. ¶1 The Americans believe that all Creatures have Souls. 1777 W. Robertson Hist. Amer. II. 417 Amazing accounts are given of the persevering speed of the Americans. 1811 J. Black tr. A. von Humboldt Polit. Ess. New Spain II. 96 The zea maize was the only farinaceous gramen cultivated by the Americans before the arrival of the Europeans. 1841 J. F. Cooper Deerslayer (1854) x. 171 Beauty among the women of the aboriginal Americans..is not uncommon. 1888 Science 9 Nov. 228/1 What Dr. Brinton said about the difference between the character and color of the hair of Mongolians and Americans needs no further refutation. 1945 Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 72 11 The indigenous Americans, as a general thing, did not carry on an extensive agriculture. 1986 R. B. Morrison & C. R. Wilson Native Peoples iii. 49 It is quite possible that the first Americans were adapted to the North Pacific Coast rather than to the interior. 2005 C. Mann 1491 ii. v. 154 All of them had either Folsom or Clovis points, which convinced many archaeologists that the Clovis people, the earlier of the two, must have been the original Americans. 2. a. Originally: a native or inhabitant of America, esp. of the British colonies in North America, of European descent (now historical). Now chiefly: a native or citizen of the United States. Cf. also Latin American n., North American n., South American n., etc. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of America > [noun] American1648 transatlantic1826 transatlantican1839 New Worlder1851 New-Worldling1893 1648 T. Gage (title) The English-American his travail by sea and land: or, a new survey of the West India's. 1691 C. Mather Triumphs Reformed Relig. in Amer. 88 A rude American. 1702 C. Mather Magnalia Christi sig. C4/1 One poor feeble American,..capable of touching this Work no otherwise than in a Digression. 1741 G. Whitfield Let. 23 Dec. (1772) III. 432 I now have forty-nine children under my care, twenty-three English, ten Scots, four Dutch, five French, seven Americans. 1766 B. Gale in Philos. Trans. 1765 (Royal Soc.) 55 198 Paying quit-rents to monopolizers of large tracts of land, is not well relished by Americans. 1775 S. Johnson Taxation no Tyranny 13 That the Americans are able to bear taxation is indubitable. 1809 E. A. Kendall Trav. Northern Parts U.S. II. lviii. 286 The Americans, that is the subjects of the United States. 1842 C. Dickens Amer. Notes II. i. 11 Whenever an Englishman would cry ‘All right!’ an American cries ‘Go ahead!’ 1882 Cent. Mag. Nov. 26 We Americans are terribly in earnest about making ourselves. 1924 Life & Work Feb. 31/1 A Reserve Fund of 41 million dollars was handed over by the Americans to the Filipinised Government. 1948 William & Mary Q. 3rd Ser. 5 311 Knaves the Americans certainly seemed to be when they objected to the Townshend Duties almost as vehemently as they had to the Stamp Act. 1975 A. A. Thompson Message from Absolom iv. 24 The Americans ate hungrily. 2001 N.Y. Times 1 July viii. 1/3 She was not..a rising young American aided by the United States Tennis Association. b. As the second element of compounds forming nouns with the sense ‘an American of the specified origin or descent’. Cf. African American n., Irish-American n., Italian–American n., Polish-American n. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of America > native or inhabitant of North America > native or inhabitant of U.S.A. > [noun] > by country of origin American1648 African1700 High Dutch1773 Low Dutch1773 German-American1775 African American1782 Anglo-American1785 Irish-American1786 Africo-American1788 American African1826 Pennsylvania German1827 Pennsylvania Dutch1831 Afro-American1833 far-downer1834 Mexicano1847 knickerbocker1848 Chinese-American1854 Italian–American1873 Polish-American1876 Polacker1883 roundhead1895 hunk1896 Polack1898 Senegambian1900 bohunk1903 honky1904 hunyak1911 Turk1914 boho1920 Anglo1923 Euro-American1925 turkey1932 narrowback1933 nisei1934 roundheader1934 pachuco1943 pocho1944 Latino1946 Chicano1947 Mexican-American1948 Asian American1952 Amerasian1957 Chicana1966 Afrikan1972 Hispanic1972 1648English-American [see sense A. 2a]. 1755 Douglass's Summary State Brit. Settlements N.-Amer. (new ed.) I. 107 In this port the British and French Americans carry on a considerable intercourse of trade. 1787 G. Greive tr. F. J. de Chastellux Trav. N.-Amer. I. 226 I was with..all the French, or Gallo-Americans , at Philadelphia. 1894 Cent. Mag. Apr. 849 The first generations of English-Americans subsisted mainly on maize. 1900 Daily News 15 Aug. 3/1 My opponents were of the hyphenated variety—Dutch-Americans and Irish-Americans predominating. 2006 Time Out N.Y. 8 June 99/3 It's even harder for..a middle-class Filipino-American. ΘΚΠ society > travel > travel by water > vessel, ship, or boat > vessels from specific country or region > [noun] > from other specific countries or regions Frenchman1473 Spaniard1537 Easterling1563 Flemingc1595 Levantisco1597 Burgundian1601 Irishman1645 Japanner1719 Bermudian1769 American1782 Swede1799 Australian1850 Liberian1971 1782 T. Pasley Jrnl. 10 Aug. in Private Sea Jrnls. (1931) 266 I discovered a Ship, a Brig, and a Sloop, steering down for the Havana..all Americans. 1790 T. Jefferson Circular to Consuls 26 Aug. in Papers (1965) XVII. 423 We wish you to use your Endeavours that no Vessel enter as an American in the Ports of your District which shall not be truly such. 1817 R. Southey in Q. Rev. 17 2 He had sailed in an American to Manilla. 1864 Let. 20 June in T. S. Williams & P. L. Simmonds Eng. Commerc. Corr. 275 That vessel however being an American..was almost uninsurable here. 1894 Times 10 July 11/1 When the vessels next met the American was far enough ahead to throw about on the Britannia's weather bow. 4. The variety of English used in the United States; American English. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [noun] > Indo-European > Germanic > English > American English American1787 American English1806 Yankee1824 Americanese1863 United States1871 Yankeese1883 Amerenglish1923 General American1925 northern1947 Standard American English1951 1787 G. Greive tr. F. J. de Chastellux Trav. N.-Amer. II. 264 You speak American well. 1803 J. Davis Trav. U.S.A. 139 What do you think of the style of Johnson, the Reviewer? It is not English that he writes, Sir; it is American. 1869 P. Gillmore Accessible Field Sports 19 But it was evident I was not boss. [Note] American for ‘master’. 1889 R. Kipling From Sea to Sea (1899) xvii. 368 The American I have heard up to the present, is a tongue as distinct from English as Patagonian. 1919 H. L. Mencken Amer. Lang. 26 American thus shows its character in a constant experimentation,..a steady reaching out for new and vivid forms. 1966 Listener 2 June 810/3 We have tried..to translate from French into American and vice versa. 2000 T. Clancy Bear & Dragon xlvi. 699 A lifelong USN sailor, he didn't like depending on anything except people who spoke American and wore Navy Blue. 5. British. In plural. Stocks or shares in American companies or enterprises. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > stocks and shares > stocks, shares, or bonds > [noun] > types of > specific foreign Peruvians1863 American1886 Yankees1887 cedula1919 1886 Times Reg. Events in 1885 p. cliii People..who..had come to believe that ‘Americans’ would never advance any more. 1897 Daily News 7 Sept. 7/1 A further rise in Americans. 1905 Daily Report 22 Mar. 1/2 Yankees. As predicted yesterday, Americans have quickly recovered their reaction. 1970 Times 25 July 21/4 Among the Americans Texaco rose 2½ to 72½. B. adj. 1. a. Of or relating to (any part of) the Americas.In later use sometimes difficult to distinguish from sense B. 2, except in scientific contexts. Cf. Latin American adj., North American adj., South American adj., etc. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > named regions of earth > America > [adjective] American1580 transatlantic1782 pan-American1879 New World1886 all-American1889 pseudo-American1938 1580 A. Munday Zelauto 38 Report running through..the golden American countrey, and the rytch inhabited Islandes of the East and West Indias,..of a gallant and renowned Mayden Queene. 1633 G. Herbert Temple: Sacred Poems 190 Religion stands on tip-toe in our land, Readie to pass to the American strand. 1693 C. Mather Wonders Invisible World 11 The first planters of these Colonies..embraced a voluntary exile in a squalid, horrid, American desart. 1740 Oath 10 Nov. in W. Stephens Jrnl. Proc. Georgia (1742) II. App. 3 Ships..come up to the Town, where the Worm (which is the plague of the American seas) does not eat. 1834 Chambers's Edinb. Jrnl. 21 June 168/1 A bird, called the partridge,..is found all over the American continent. 1903 Science (N.Y.) 5 June 892/2 The International Union of the American Republics, popularly known as the Pan-American Union. 1956 H. W. Anderson Dis. Fruit Crops vii. 265 Peach yellows is undoubtedly of American origin. 2005 J. Diamond Collapse (2006) vi. 197 Iceland lies in the North Atlantic Ocean about 600 miles west of Norway, on what is called the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, where the American and Eurasian continental plates spread. b. Of, relating to, or designating the indigenous inhabitants of (any part of) the Americas; of, relating to, or designating American Indians. Now chiefly with modifying word, as early, original, indigenous, etc. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > Amerindian > [adjective] Indian1590 American1611 red1725 American Indian1771 North American Indian1845 red-skinned1869 Amerind1899 Amerindian1899 pan-Indian1921 1611 E. Aston tr. J. de Léry Certaine Things conc. Amer. in tr. J. Boemus Manners, Lawes, & Customes 496 The ornaments, bracelets, and all the other compleat attire of the American women. 1734 tr. Ceremonies & Relig. Customs Var. Nations III. iii. 17 Most of the American Priests are at the same Time Physicians. 1865 J. Lubbock Prehist. Times xii. 414 The American skulls are characterised by a flattened occiput. 1893 Polit. Sci. Q. 8 163 This is the first general study..of early American peoples from the vantage ground of the theory of evolution. 1934 A. Dickerson Orozco Frescoes at Dartmouth 6 (caption) Into the Valley of Mexico, cradle of the indigenous American civilization. 2004 San Jose (Calif.) Mercury News (Nexis) 13 May 3 It's important for non-native people to come and check real American culture and appreciate the beauty. c. Of, designating, or belonging to any American Indian language, or such languages collectively. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Amerindian > [adjective] American1625 Pawnee1806 Injun1839 Pano1851 Muskogean1889 1625 P. Heylyn Μικρόκοσμος (rev. ed.) 790 Iucutan..in the American tongue, is, what say you. 1689 I. Mather Brief Relation State New Eng. 16 In an Indian Town..was an Englishman, who being skilful in the American Language, Preached the Gospel to them in their own Tongue. 1744 Let. to H. S. A. M. of —— in D. Malcolm Lett., Ess. & Tracts Antiq. Great Brit. & Irel. 5 The Phraseology of this American sentence seems to be precisely the same with that of the Ancient Scots. 1765 S. Smith Hist. Nova-Cæsaria i. 13 The Chinese manner of writing in Hieroglyphics, sufficiently agrees with the American dialect. 1839 Penny Cycl. XIII. 320 The singular congruity in structure between all the American languages, from the northern to the southern extremity of the continent. 1871 Trans. Amer. Philol. Assoc. 1869–70 57 A few scholars have labored unprofitably to extract Semitic and Turanian roots from American words whose structure they had taken no pains to analyse. 1933 L. Bloomfield Lang. vi. 102 Some American languages have a whole series of laterals, with differences of position, glottalization, or nasalization. 2002 Jrnl. Anthropol. Res. 58 464 Uto-Aztecan and Tanoan may not resemble each other more than they do several other American language families. d. Designating animals and plants native to or originating in America, chiefly to distinguish them from similar or related species native to Britain or the Old World, as American aloe, crow, marmot, etc. See also Compounds 3b.American bittern, elm, leopard, masterwort, ostrich, plaice, robin, etc.: see the second element. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > by habitat or distribution > [adjective] > characteristic of particular region or period southerneOE African1578 Asiatic1670 American1678 Creole1758 Californian1785 subalpine1808 Antarctic1835 Adelaidean1847 Arctic1876 Atlantic1876 gerontogeous1880 Cenomanian1902 Lusitanian1907 pantropic1911 pantropical1913 native1920 1678 J. Ray tr. F. Willughby Ornithol. ii. 150 The American Ostrich [L. Struthiocamelus Americanus]..is somewhat less than the African. Their Legs are long, the lower about a foot and a half. 1763 R. Brookes New Syst. Nat. Hist. I. 41 Mr. Catesby in his natural history of Carolina calls this the American Bison; and says it is the only species of the Wild Cow kind known in North America. 1771 J. R. Forster tr. P. Kalm Trav. N. Amer. II. 104 The red maple Acer rubrum and the American elm Ulmus Americana began to flower at present; and some of the latter kind were already in full blossom. 1833 Penny Cycl. I. 446/1 The American aloe..yields, when wounded, an abundance of sweet fluid. 1862 C. A. Johns Brit. Birds 415 The American Bittern..seems to differ in no material respect from the European species. 1890 E. B. Custer Following Guidon 201 These great black blotches against the faultless sky were my introduction to the American buffalo. 1907 ‘N. Blanchan’ Birds Every Child should Know i. 5 When our American robin comes out of the turquoise blue egg that his devoted mother has warmed into life, he usually finds three or four baby brothers and sisters. 1939 E. A. Bessey Text-bk. Mycol. (new ed.) viii. 198 E. parasitica is the fungus which has destroyed nearly all the trees of the American chestnut (Castanea dentata ) since the fungus was introduced from Eastern Asia on nursery stock about 1900. 1972 Star–News (Pasadena, Calif.) 29 Jan. 13/1 Marmota monax is the technical name for groundhog, also known as woodchuck or American marmot. 2005 Connecticut Wildlife Jan.–Feb. 11/1 Slightly smaller than the American crow, the fish crow is best identified by its short, nasal ‘cahr, cahr’ voice. 2. a. Originally: of, relating to, or characteristic of the European (esp. British) colonies in North America or their inhabitants. Now chiefly: of, relating to, or characteristic of the United States or its inhabitants. ΘΚΠ the world > the earth > named regions of earth > America > North America > [adjective] > original colonies American1616 the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of America > native or inhabitant of North America > native or inhabitant of U.S.A. > [adjective] American1775 Yankee1781 Native American1793 Yankeeish1818 Americanized1840 Yankeefied1846 all-American1909 Yanqui1929 norteamericano1979 the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of America > [adjective] Americal1651 pan-American1879 American1883 1616 T. Scot Philomythie (title page) Monsier Pandorsvs Waldolynnatvs, that merry American Philosopher, or the Wiseman of the New World. 1647 N. Ward Simple Cobler Aggawam 23 We make it an Article of our American Creed. 1680 A. Sall Let. 26 Oct. in R. Boyle Corr. (2001) V. 220 Our endevours to convert the natives of this countrie upon maxims like those of the American planters. 1716 C. Mather Let. 6 June in Harvard Stud. Philol. & Lit. (1897) 5 63 I believe ye American puritanism to be much of a piece with Frederician pietism. 1775 S. Johnson (title) Taxation no tyranny, an answer to the resolutions and address of the American Congress. 1808 H. Gray Lett. from Canada (1809) 275 As we approached the American boundary, we found a few settlements. 1839 Southern Literary Messenger 5 5/2 He was proscribed for his long and faithful services in the American consulate. 1883 Daily News 14 May 5/8 The plain evening dress which bespeaks the American Minister everywhere. 1925 A. Huxley Along Road i. 6 In a Montmartre boîte..sat three young American girls. 1947 William & Mary Q. 3rd Ser. 4 302 The English relied on military success in America to discourage France from intervening and recognizing American independence. 1970 Daily Tel. 13 Mar. (Colour Suppl.) 47/1 He was not hot-gospelling for pop or for the American way of life. 2007 N.Y. Times (National ed.) 28 Mar. h2/1 France has long limited American imports through quotas. b. Of, designating, or belonging to the English language as used in the United States (or formerly, in Britain's North American colonies).See also American English n. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > languages of the world > Indo-Hittite > [adjective] > Indo-European > Germanic > English > of varieties of English > American English American1650 Anglo-American1810 salt river1828 Yankeea1854 Midland1873 New Yorkese1889 American English1892 Yinglish1953 Valley Girl1982 Yat1985 1650 Exercitation Answered 26 Under Usurpation (he saies, meaning the present Government in the American tongue) we can expect no settlement. 1740 Oath 10 Nov. in W. Stephens Jrnl. Proc. Georgia (1742) II. App. 13 The American Dialect distinguishes Land into Pine, Oak and Hickery. 1789 N. Webster Diss. Eng. Lang. i. 22 Numerous local causes..will introduce new words into the American tongue. 1800 Monthly Mag. & Amer. Rev. July 1 (title) On the Scheme of an American Language. 1842 C. Dickens Amer. Notes I. viii. 301 The Presidential housemaids have..an ample amount of ‘compensation’: which is the American word for salary, in the case of all public servants. 1874 Standard 14 Nov. 3 New words with which the American vocabulary has lately been enriched; ‘to burgle’, meaning to injure a person by breaking into his or her house. 1925 G. P. Krapp Eng. Lang. in Amer. I. 40 It is..much easier for an American to call up in his mind a kind of image of the Eastern and Southern types of American speech than of the Western or General type. 1960 A. J. Bronstein Pronunc. Amer. Eng. vii.141 (heading) The tongue and lip positions of American vowels. 2002 New Yorker 18 Nov. 99/2 There is a lot that shows off some of the most terrifyingly awful prose in the American language. c. As the second element of compounds in the sense ‘American of the specified origin or descent’. Cf. African American adj., Afro-American adj., Africo-American adj., Italian–American adj., Polish-American adj. ΘΚΠ the world > people > nations > native or inhabitant of America > native or inhabitant of North America > native or inhabitant of U.S.A. > [adjective] > by country of origin African1722 American1761 Low Dutch1774 Pennsylvania Dutch1792 Anglo-American1797 Irish-American1820 Africo-American1825 American African1826 Afro-American1831 Polish-American1850 Chinese-American1854 Italian–American1854 Russo-American1878 African American1885 Senegambian1911 Afrikan1929 Mexican-American1948 Asian American1950 Amerasian1965 Chicano1966 Anglo1968 Tejano1978 1761 Compl. Hist. Present War 2 In the year 1749, some english american traders commenced a traffic with the indians, on the banks of the river Ohio. 1837 R. Chambers Hist. Eng. Lang. & Lit. (ed. 4) 237 The papers referring to Dutch-American traditions were peculiarly relished, on account of the new and grotesque images which they brought before the mind. 1927 F. M. Thrasher Gang ii. xii. 208 Most observers agree that the tongs are the product of the Chinese-American community. 1978 Amer. Ethnol. 5 27 The absence of kin in the local community no doubt stimulated the development of..voluntary mutual aid associations in Japanese-American communities. 2006 Custom Home (Nexis) 1 Apr. Constructed by Danish-American craftsmen in traditional tongue-and-groove joinery, the wood worktops come in three staved variations. d. U.S. Of a horse or cow: originating in the eastern states, esp. as opposed to the southwest, being typically of superior quality and relatively large in size. Now historical. ΚΠ 1837 Diplom. Corr. Texas (1908) I. 187 A large number of fine American horses..which there is no doubt had been stolen from citizens of Texas. a1861 T. Winthrop John Brent (1862) ii. 14 He was an American horse,—so they distinguish in California one brought from the old States. 1875 Cimmaron (New Mexico) News & Press 7 Aug. 4/4 Texas cows, $12 to $16 per head; American cows, $25 to $50 per head. 1940 E. Fergusson Our Southwest 62 Mounts ranged from nimble Spanish ponies to big American horses. Compounds C1. With nouns and adjectives designating a person or people of a specified origin or descent residing in America or the United States. Cf. senses A. 2b, B. 2c. ΚΠ 1764 London Mag. 33 78/2 The failings of these people, (the American French) are counterbalanced by many excellent good qualities. 1836 H. Bokum Stranger's Gift 30 The state of the great majority of the American Germans does not admit of any extended comparison with the general character of either America or Germany. 1868 Colburn's United Service Mag. Jan. 123 The only way to prevent its spreading was to deal as our forefathers would have dealt with the American or American-Irish adventurers. 1906 J. Joyce Let. 25 Sept. (1966) II. 167 There are ten times as many Irish and American-Irish here than Scandinavians. 2003 New Yorker 10 Nov. 46/3 An obscure American-Hungarian mathematician and demographer. C2. With participles. American-born adj. ΚΠ 1777 London Mag. Jan. 299/1 The American born subjects shall be permitted to enter into any of the provincial corps in his majesty's service. 1856 Notes & Queries 5 Jan. 9/2 In a kind of feud now existing between American-born and foreign-born citizens, the former are said to profess Nativism. 1963 A. Baraka Blues People ii. 15 With no native or tribal references..the American-born slave had only the all-encompassing mores of his white master. 2004 New Yorker 15 Mar. 74/3 The American-born children of the first generation of exiles..are less bitter than their parents. American-built adj. ΚΠ 1740 K. William Coll. Papers & Other Tracts 34 The Colliers and Coasting Vessels, were American-built. 1878 A. L. Perry Elements Polit. Econ. (new ed.) 556 American-built but foreign-owned ships. 1966 Economist 10 Sept. 1040/2 It began offering a 5-year, 50,000-mile guarantee for..its American-built cars. 2007 Kent & Sussex Courier (Nexis) 20 Apr. 22 He found his squadron's American-built Tomahawks were no match for the German Me109s. American-made adj. ΚΠ 1812 Weekly Reg. (Baltimore) 22 Feb. 462/1 Nineteen twentieths of the people still have an impression that American made goods, no matter of what kind they are, must be sold dearer than the imported. 1915 ‘B. M. Bower’ Jean of Lazy A xx. 265 He smiled..and lifted his American-made Stetson a few inches above his head. 2000 Plumbing Mag. May–June 10/3 The saw has..an American-made 140mm blade. C3. a. American bar n. (chiefly outside the United States) a bar that is American in style or serves American-style drinks, (in early use) one where customers sit at the counter. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > drinking > drinking place > [noun] > tap-room or bar > other bars public bar1654 American bar1856 wine room1865 last chance saloon1869 four-ale1883 private bar1892 saloon bar1902 cocktail bar1908 cocktail lounge1934 porter bar1935 lounge bar1937 wine bar1938 dive bar1940 gay bar1947 open bar1947 piano bar1947 sherry-bar1951 public1957 leather bar1961 private1963 ouzeri1964 karaoke bar1977 1854 Times 15 Apr. 9/6 They have already established an American line of coaches to the bay [sc. Melbourne] and American bar-rooms.] 1856 Harper's Mag. Sept. 564/2 It [sc. the fête ground of the Bois de Boulogne] has been planted and laid out into arbors, with dancing ground, with quiet temples of refreshment, with brilliant billiard saloons, with American ‘bars’, etc. 1913 G. W. Hills John Bull Ltd. 229 [Many English hotels] proudly bear aloft the sign of relief yclept ‘American Bar’; but sign and beverages are alike delusions. 1990 Illustr. London News Summer 94/1 (advt.) Entirely renovated. Two restaurants with terrace by the lake, American bar, piano bar, cable TV with 22 channels. American breakfast n. a cooked breakfast of a kind originating in the United States, typically including bacon, ham, eggs, pancakes, and waffles. ΚΠ 1799 Monthly Mag. Feb. 128/2 An American breakast is even proverbial for its variety: I seldom sat down to this meal, but in addition to the usual fare of tea and coffee, fish, beef-steaks, ham, cheese, &c. were served up. 1903 Janesville (Wisconsin) Daily Gaz. 23 July 3/3 The substantial American breakfast with plenty of everything good from coffee to buckwheat cakes. 2001 Scotl. on Sunday (Nexis) 28 Oct. 46 I love American breakfasts, corn beef hash; eggs Benedict; waffles with crispy bacon; pancakes with maple syrup. American Century n. (also with lower-case initial in the second element) (chiefly with the) the 20th century, regarded as dominated or influenced by the United States.Popularized by the essay The American Century by Henry Luce (1898–1967): see quot. 1941. ΘΚΠ the world > time > period > year > [noun] > period of specific number of years > a century > specific centuries nineteenth century1790 American Century1935 twenty-first century1964 1935 G. Stein in Choate Literary Mag. Feb. 8 The United States had the first instance of..Twentieth Century writing... The Twentieth Century has become the American Century. 1941 H. Luce Amer. Cent in Life 17 Feb. 64/2 The world of the 20th Century..must be to a significant degree an American Century. 1974 A. Ginsberg Let. 8 Sept. in A. Ginsberg & L. Ginsberg Family Business (2001) 373 I..think that the American Century has been a piece of egotism and violence equal to any in world's history. 2005 C. Stross Accelerando ii. 44 Pam is..a member of the first generation to grow up after the end of the American century. American cheese n. originally and chiefly U.S. (a) a mild cheddar cheese made in the United States; (b) a kind of processed cheese (usually in thin slices) made from a blend of different cheeses, typically including cheddar (now the usual sense). ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > dairy produce > cheese > [noun] > varieties of cheese goat cheeseOE green cheesec1390 rowen cheesea1425 bred-cheesec1440 hard cheesec1470 ruen cheese1510 parmesan1538 spermyse1542 angelot1573 cow-cheese1583 goat's cheese1588 Cheshire Cheese1597 eddish-cheese1615 nettle cheese1615 aftermath cheese1631 marsolini1636 Suffolk cheese1636 Cheddar cheesea1661 rowen1673 parmigianoa1684 raw-milk cheesea1687 fleet cheese1688 sage-cheese1714 Rhode Island cheese1733 Stilton cheese1736 Roquefort cheese1762 American cheese1763 fodder cheese1784 Old Peg1785 blue cheese1787 Dunlop cheese1793 Wiltshire1794 Gloucester1802 Gruyère1802 Neufchâtel1814 Limburger cheese1817 Dunlop1818 fog cheese1822 Swiss cheese1822 Suffolk thumpa1825 Stilton1826 skim dick1827 stracchino cheese1832 Blue Vinney1836 Edam1836 Schabzieger1837 sapsago1846 Munster1858 mysost1861 napkin cheese1865 provolone1865 Roquefort1867 Suffolk bang1867 Leicester1874 Brie1876 Camembert1878 Gorgonzola1878 Leicester cheese1880 Port Salut1881 Wensleydale1881 Gouda1885 primost1889 Cantal1890 Suisse1891 bondon1894 Petit Suisse1895 Gervais1896 Lancashire1896 Pont l'Évêque1896 reggiano1896 Romano1897 fontina1898 Caerphilly cheese1901 Derby cheese1902 Emmental1902 Liptauer1902 farmer cheese1904 robiola1907 gjetost1908 reblochon1908 scamorza1908 Cabrales1910 Jack1910 pimento cheese1910 mozzarella1911 pimiento cheese1911 Monterey cheese1912 processed cheese1918 Tillamook1918 tvorog1918 anari1919 process cheese1923 Bel Paese1926 pecorino1931 Oka1936 Parmigiano–Reggiano1936 vacherin1936 Monterey Jack1940 Red Leicester1940 demi-sel1946 tomme1946 Danish blue1948 Tilsit1950 St.-Maure1951 Samsoe1953 Havarti1954 paneer1954 taleggio1954 feta1956 St. Paulin1956 bleu cheese1957 Manchego1957 Ilchester1963 Dolcelatte1964 chèvre1965 Chaource1966 Windsor Red1969 halloumi1970 Montrachet1973 Chaumes1976 Lymeswold1981 cambozola1984 yarg1984 1763 Pennsylvania Gaz. 8 Sept. 1/2 For American Cheese, Four pence Half-penny, by the Pound Weight. 1879 Echo 18 Oct. 1/5 Fears that the makers of American cheese..would oust our home Cheddars from the position of supremacy they had so long held. 1911 Arizona Cook Bk. 99 One half-pound American cheese. 2006 Philadelphia Aug. 133/1 Good-quality grilled steak grilled to order and sandwiched around American cheese in a slightly crusty torpedo roll. American Civil War n. †(a) the American War of Independence (1775–83) (obsolete); (b) the war fought in the United States from 1861 to 1865 between the eleven seceding Southern states (the Confederacy) and the remaining (northern) states (the Union). ΘΚΠ society > armed hostility > war > types of war > [noun] > other specific war Punic War1556 Vandal war1613 American Civil War1775 Seven Years War1775 Revolutionary Wara1784 Peninsular war1811 Great War1815 Mormon war1833 opium war1841 the Thirty Years' War1841 the Thirty Years' War1842 Mexican War1846 Napoleonic War1850 Crimean War1854 Hundred Years War1874 Balkan war1881 Boer War1883 Winter War1939 Six Day War1967 Yom Kippur War1973 Gulf War1981 Falklands conflict1982 1775 W. H. Drayton in R. W. Gibbes Documentary Hist. Amer. Revolution (1855) I. 109 Let it be delivered down to posterity, that the American civil war, broke out on the 19th day of April, 1775. An epoch, that in all probability will mark the declension of the British Empire! 1809 T. Campbell Gertrude of Wyoming 51 Alluding to the miseries that attended the American civil war. 1861 Times 3 May 9/2 Lord John Russell prays..fervently that we may keep well out of the American Civil War. 1939 H. H. Horne in J. N. Andrews & C. A. Marsden Tomorrow in Making v. 70 There are those who hold that the American Civil War might have been prevented. 2002 Herald-Sun (Durham, N. Carolina) (Nexis) 27 Oct. e1 The N.C. Museum of History [is] recreating the American Civil War battle of New Bern. American cloth n. (a) (chiefly British) a cotton cloth with a glossy, waterproofed surface (in the United States chiefly called enamelled cloth); (b) cotton cloth originally but in later use not necessarily made in the United States, traded in the Levant and Africa; cf. Americani n. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric manufactured in specific way > treated or processed in specific way > [noun] > coated to imitate leather American cloth1851 American leather1858 pegamoid1895 Naugahyde1919 the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > cotton > [noun] > other bustian1424 cotton tissed1585 Manchester1589 cannequin1598 madapollam1685 burdet1710 antherine1739 canque1750 jaconet1769 medium1777 bump1794 American sheeting1840 American cloth1851 American leather1858 gala1858 Merikani1860 T cloth1865 dhurrie1880 Americani1881 Tarantulle1890 Aertex1896 Tobralco1910 limbric1930 Ventile1954 the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric manufactured in specific way > treated or processed in specific way > [noun] > made waterproof > with oil > specific oilcloth1753 oil floor-clotha1756 American cloth1851 American leather1858 American oilcloth1869 Lancaster cloth1939 1851 Official Descriptive & Illustr. Catal. Great Exhib. V. 1458/1 The lining [of a buggy] is of American cloth, of a dark-green colour. 1896 C. T. C. James Yoke of Freedom 85 Not a single ring of stickiness was to be found upon the American-cloth table-cover. 1915 H. G. Dwight Constantinople xvi. 474 The coarse cotton used in most of the work is known in the Levant as American cloth. 1972 Jrnl. Afr. Hist. 13 583 The Arab, Juma Mericani, traded ‘American’ cloth in central Luba. 1991 Jrnl. Design Hist. 4 237/2 For the other room a cottage dining-table and six cane seat chairs were offered with an easy chair in American cloth. American depositary receipt n. (also American depository receipt) U.S. Stock Market a certificate representing shares in a foreign company which are held by an American bank and may be traded on U.S. stock markets; abbreviated ADR. ΚΠ 1927 Washington Post 13 Apr. 14 Merrill Lynch & Co. will offer..250,000 American depository receipts for the ordinary shares of Selfridge Provincial Stores. 2006 Baltimore Sun 20 Aug. c3/4 Three of the fund's top portfolio holdings also available in the U.S. as American depositary receipts (ADRs). American dream n. (also American Dream) (with the) the ideal that every citizen of the United States should have an equal opportunity to achieve success and prosperity through hard work, determination, and initiative. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > social attitudes > patriotism > nationalism > [noun] > other spec. > movement or ideal cultural nationalism1914 American dream1916 pan-Indianism1945 AIM1971 a1911 D. G. Phillips Susan Lenox (1917) I. xxiii. 439 The fashion and home magazines..have prepared thousands of Americans..for the possible rise of fortune that..is the universal American dream and hope.] 1916 Chicago Tribune 7 Feb. 6 If the American idea, the American hope, the American dream, and the structures which Americans have erected are not worth fighting for to maintain and protect, they were not worth fighting for to establish. 1931 J. T. Adams Epic of Amer. 410 If the American dream is to come true and to abide with us, it will, at bottom, depend on the people themselves. 2002 N.Y. Times 28 Apr. 12/2 Many claim..rights to housing, education, health care and welfare checks, yet they are denied the up-by-the-bootstraps right to work that..has always underpinned the immigrant's hope for access to the American dream. American Empire n. (also with lower-case initial in the second element) (a) an empire in America; (b) the United States of America, esp. viewed as an imperialistic state, either in possessing territories overseas or in exerting power and influence beyond its borders; American imperialism. ΚΠ 1709 J. Oldmixon Hist. Addr. xii. 220 A Person that hath not any legal Pretence to the Crown of any Kingdom whatsoever, not so much as an African or American Empire. 1780 ‘Integer’ Lett. to High & Mighty United States Amer. iii. 24 I am not likely to succeed in my application for the office of accomptant general to the grand American Empire. 1912 Times 7 Aug. 5/4 The shadow of sovereignty that has existed in the Panama nation heretofore now passes away, and the Isthmian State becomes..a section of the American Empire, with restricted home rule. 1954 Hispanic Amer. Hist. Rev. 34 560 The land-minded citizens of the new and somewhat shaky North American republic were thrusting westward into inevitable collision with Spain's American empire. 1992 R. Poirier in J. Parini Gore Vidal 230 Roosevelt had already helped set the course of American empire as McKinley's assistant secretary of the Navy. 2007 Caribbean Today (Electronic ed.) Mar. 4 Chavez said the Caribbean..did not know where it stood and unless there was unity the region would remain under the control of ‘the American Empire’. American football n. a sport originating in the United States, based on rugby football and played by two teams of eleven players on a field marked out in the form of a gridiron, points being scored from touchdowns and field goals.In North America known simply as football. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > types of sport or game > ball game > football > American football > [noun] American football1879 football1881 gridiron1896 grid1928 1879 H. Chadwick (title) Handbook of winter sports. Embracing: skating (on ice and on rollers,) rink-ball, curling, ice-boating, and American football. 1943 Times 8 May 2/6 American football is a dangerous game and the players are suitably padded, each man's equipment weighing about 10lb. 1997 E. M. Kramer Modern/Postmodern p. xi In American football, measurements are laboriously and religiously taken so that statistics can be calculated for every conceivable aspect of the game. American footballer n. chiefly British a person who plays American football. ΚΠ 1897 Bristol Times & Mirror 11 Dec. 5/6 The American footballer..has usually distinguished himself by the performance of deeds which should secure him the Victoria Cross. 1955 Times 14 Jan. 5/7 Protective clothing of the type worn by American footballers hardly seemed justified. 2006 Financial Times (Nexis) 26 Aug. 16 With their helmets and padding, American footballers crash into each other with alarming force. American leather n. chiefly British (now rare) = American cloth n. (a). ΚΠ 1853 Times 9 Nov. 2/2 (advt.) To coachmakers... American leather cloth, 45 inches wide, 2s. 6d. a yard.] 1858 P. L. Simmonds Dict. Trade Products 335/1 Seating, horse-hair fabric, American leather, or other materials, made for covering the cushions of chairs, couches, &c. 1893 G. Allen Scallywag I. 97 That peculiar sort of deep-brown oil-cloth which is known..as American leather. 1914 R. C. Bosanquet Days in Attica 5 The pillow should have a removable outer cover of American leather or dark washing material. American legion n. see legion n. 5. American Native n. (also with lower-case initial in the second element) = American Indian n.In earlier use probably not a fixed collocation. ΘΚΠ the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > Amerindian > [noun] Indian1553 American1568 Native Americana1628 native1636 American Native1648 American Indian1650 Injun1666 Canada Indian1688 red man1740 North American Indian1748 redskinc1769 buckskin1783 Red Indian1788 red1795 North American1825 copperhead1838 neechee1850 Lo1871 Amerind1899 Amerindian1899 1648 T. Shepard Clear Sun-shine of Gospel 38 I confesse it passeth my skill to tell how the Gospel should be generally received by these American Natives. 1765 Mem. Chevalier Pierpoint IV. 96 Ferdinand and his queen Isabella were in the utmost surprise, to see him return at the end of nine months, with some American natives of Hispaniola. 1823 Missionary Herald (Boston) Dec. 397/2 The singular anomaly, amongst the American natives, of a people dedicated to..making propitiatory offerings of human victims. 2002 Wicazo Sa Rev. 17 206 It covers only American Natives and does not extend to ‘other Others’, like the Greenlanders. American oilcloth n. chiefly British (now rare) = American cloth n. (a). ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric manufactured in specific way > treated or processed in specific way > [noun] > made waterproof > with oil > specific oilcloth1753 oil floor-clotha1756 American cloth1851 American leather1858 American oilcloth1869 Lancaster cloth1939 1869 E. Lott Grand Pacha's Cruise on Nile I. 286 Several sheets of American oil cloth to place upon the damp ground, with fine mats to lay over them. 1904 E. Nesbit Phoenix & Carpet x. 190 The marble-patterned American oil-cloth which careful housewives use to cover dressers and kitchen tables. 1963 A. Clarke Flight to Afr. 33 The kitchen table, American oil-cloth on it. American organ n. chiefly British a reed organ in which the air is drawn inwards to the reeds by means of bellows, instead of being driven outwards as in the harmonium proper; a melodeon. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > the arts > music > musical instrument > keyboard instrument > types of organ > [noun] > reed-organ cottage organ1836 aeoline1840 melodeon1844 melodium1846 harmonium1847 reed organ1851 organ-harmonium1864 American organ1869 harmonicon1876 harmonica1880 organ1880 vocalion1882 squeeze-box1909 melodicon1938 1869 Musical Times 14 99/1 (advt.) The depth, purity, sweetness, and volume of tone, and the beauty and variety of its stop combinations, make the American organ a more desirable instrument than either a piano or a harmonium. 1943 T. Beecham Mingled Chime ii. 14 I..much preferred to be at home, especially in the music room where had now been installed a pipe organ, an American organ, a concert grand piano and musical boxes of every kind. 1991 M. Nicholson Martha Jane & Me (1992) viii. 70 There was an American organ, a harmonium, in the room. American plan n. North American the method or practice at a hotel of charging a rate inclusive of all meals (cf. modified American plan n. at modified adj. and n. Compounds); opposed to European plan. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > fees and taxes > [noun] > for food, board, or service pension1696 board-bill1833 table money1841 American plan1848 corkage1884 service charge1889 fixed price1907 service1909 cover charge1921 demi-pension1951 rack rate1976 cakeage1985 1848 Commerc. Rev. South & West Mar. 232 On the American plan, the student being required to board in a hotel provided for him, must board there at a fixed price. 1914 Maclean's June 109/3 Windsor Hotel..Rates: American Plan, $1.50–$2.50. European Plan, 75c. to $1.50. 2004 Pittsburgh (Pa.) Post-Gaz. (Nexis) 29 July b1 The Athenaeum Hotel..follows the American plan. Breakfast, lunch and dinner are included in the room price. American Revolution n. the revolt of the thirteen American colonies against British rule in the late 18th cent., culminating in the American War of Independence (1775–83) and ultimately leading to the formation of the United States; the American War of Independence itself. ΘΚΠ society > authority > lack of subjection > rebelliousness > revolution > [noun] > specific revolutions American Revolution1779 revolution1784 French Revolution1789 revolution1790 Fructidor1793 Russian Revolution1805 agrarian revolution1824 February Revolution1848 October Revolution1917 revolution1917 cultural revolution1929 velvet revolution1989 1779 U.S. Mag. Mar. Table of Contents Observations on the American Revolution. 1851 S. Town Grammar School Reader ii. 287 Berthier..fought in the American Revolution with Lafayette. 1898 Cent. Mag. Jan. 333 A pair of John Fiske's delightful volumes upon the American Revolution. 1993 Beaver Oct.–Nov. 54/2 The title character..is a Loyalist fighting in the American Revolution. 2005 Mail on Sunday (Nexis) 11 Sept. 25 The American Revolution started with a demand for no taxation without representation. American sheeting n. now historical coarse cotton cloth made in America, esp. as exported to or traded in East Africa; cf. American cloth n. (b), Americani n. ΘΚΠ the world > textiles and clothing > textiles > textile fabric or an article of textile fabric > textile fabric > textile fabric made from specific material > cotton > [noun] > other bustian1424 cotton tissed1585 Manchester1589 cannequin1598 madapollam1685 burdet1710 antherine1739 canque1750 jaconet1769 medium1777 bump1794 American sheeting1840 American cloth1851 American leather1858 gala1858 Merikani1860 T cloth1865 dhurrie1880 Americani1881 Tarantulle1890 Aertex1896 Tobralco1910 limbric1930 Ventile1954 1840 Republican Compiler (Gettysburg, Pa.) 26 May 4/4 A number of English papers admit that American sheeting is more popular than English in India. 1901 Geogr. Jrnl. 17 75 The value of the import [to Addis Ababa] during the year considerably exceeds that of the exports; the staple imports being American sheeting. 1986 Amer. Hist. Rev. 91 297 They [sc. Indian and Arab merchants in the Majeerteen Sultanate] sold..coarse white American sheeting, blue-striped turbans, and small bars of iron. American Sign Language n. (also with lower-case initials in the second and third elements) a form of sign language developed in the early 19th cent. for the use of the deaf in the United States; abbreviated ASL; cf. Ameslan n. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > a language > [noun] > sign language hand language1625 arthrology1641 chirology1656 dactylology1656 finger-talk1656 finger language1669 hand alphabet1680 semiology1694 finger alphabet1751 finger talking1823 sign language1824 finger speech1826 indigitation1826 manual alphabet1876 dactylography1884 signing1891 American Sign Language1900 sign1930 British Sign Language1961 ASL1965 Ameslan1972 Yerkish1973 1900 Assoc. Rev. 2 71 The American sign language is the most complete which exists, and..rather difficult to acquire; so that it would take a deaf person a considerable time to thoroughly master it. 1996 A. Walker & P. Shipman Wisdom of Bones xiii. 218 American Sign Language is not a manual translation of English. Its syntax, grammar, and vocabulary do not coincide with that of English. American Standard Version n. an English translation of the Bible first published in the United States in 1901, based on the Revised Version with the incorporation of additional work by American scholars; abbreviated ASV. ΚΠ 1899 Outlook 30 Dec. 1031/2 The forthcoming ‘American Standard Version of the Revised Bible’. 1946 Times 12 Dec. 3/5 (advt.) It is a revision of the American Standard Version published in 1901. 2002 Sun Herald (Biloxi, Mississippi) (Nexis) 23 Aug. b1 The Revised Standard Version, published in 1952,..is a revision of the American Standard Version. American-style adj. of a style characteristic of or associated with the United States. ΚΠ 1875 Davenport (Iowa) Daily Gaz. 28 Apr. (advt.) Our American style pickles. 1935 Charleroi (Pa.) Mail 13 Aug. 4/1 Roads lined with more than 2,000 new American-style homes. 2005 Scotsman (Nexis) 21 May 27 The food..comes in huge, American-style portions. American supper n. British a social function held esp. to raise money to which the guests contribute by bringing food and drink to share. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > social event > fund-raising events > [noun] > others box supper1851 friendly lead1856 pound party1869 American tea1915 American supper1916 the world > food and drink > food > meal > feast > [noun] > breakfast, dinner, or supper party dinner party1749 supper party1754 breakfast-party1814 dinner dance1887 bachelor-dinner1902 American supper1916 kitty party1991 1916 Times 31 Jan. 13/1 £36 6s. 6d.—Proceeds of American supper at Sproatley Institute, Yorks. 1996 Motoring & Leisure (CSMA) Feb. 56/4 Clubnight is at the Barrow Cricket Club... (American supper, so please bring a contribution to the food.) American tea n. British = American supper n. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > social event > fund-raising events > [noun] > others box supper1851 friendly lead1856 pound party1869 American tea1915 American supper1916 the world > food and drink > food > meal > feast > [noun] > tea-party school feast1708 tea1738 tea-treatc1748 tea-visit1765 tea-party1778 tea-drinking1781 thé1788 tea junketing1820 tea-night1823 tea-shine1838 tea-fight1849 tea soirée1850 muffin-worry1859 kettledrum1861 muffin-fight1876 pink tea1883 bun-worry1889 train tea1895 tea-meeting1897 bun-struggle1899 American tea1915 silver tea1921 bunfight1928 1915 Times 12 May 13/3 Contributions for Serbia... Col. J. Webber: ‘American Tea’ at Newbridge. 2004 Gloucs. Echo (Nexis) 28 Sept. 16 The group met for a bring and share American tea. American tournament n. Sport (chiefly British) a tournament in which each competitor plays each of the others in turn; opposed to knockout. ΘΚΠ society > leisure > sport > match or competition > [noun] > types of all comersc1450 after-gamea1500 fore-game1594 revenge1616 plate1639 set-to1743 return match1753 bye1754 scrub-race1791 anybody's game (also race, match)1826 return1834 barney1843 bonspiel1858 handicap1861 pennant1865 home-and-home1868 benefit match1871 run-off1873 international1877 American tournament1878 Grand Prix1879 single1884 friendly1885 all-comers1889 pair1890 championship1893 round robin1894 replay1895 Olympiad1896 junior varsity1902 lightning tournament1903 rematch1903 road trip1903 pickup1905 freestyle1906 marathon1908 test1908 Derby1909 scrimmage1910 eliminator1911 twosome1911 triala1914 quadrangular1916 slug-fest1916 varsity match1921 needle contest1922 curtain jerker1923 needle match1923 open1926 needle fight1927 knock-out1928 shirt1930 masters1933 pro-amateur1934 tune-up1934 World Cup1934 pro-am1937 state1941 sizzler1942 runathon1943 mismatch1954 run-out1955 match-up1959 squeaker1961 triple-header1961 Super Bowl1967 invitational1968 needle game1970 major1976 slobberknocker1986 1878 Times 7 Dec. 11/6 Billiards. The interest in the American tournament..continues to increase, the result of yesterday's play having in no way altered the position of the three leaders. 1937 Math. Gaz. 21 295 An alternative way of giving the whole of the draw for an American tournament is illustrated by the following diagram in which letters denote teams and numbers refer to rounds in which two teams meet. 2007 Financial Times (Nexis) 17 Feb. 12 The mantelpiece has on it a silver cup won in an American tournament at our tennis club. American Way n. (also with lower-case initial in the second element) (with the) a method, or a manner of living or behaving, regarded as unique to or characteristic of the United States; the American way of life. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > customs, values, and civilization > a civilization or culture > [noun] > characteristic spirit or ethos > specific Normanism1647 Romanity1789 Romanism1861 American Way1883 romanitas1918 romanità1927 1883 Fort Wayne (Indiana) Daily Gaz. 29 June 1/5 (headline) The American Way. 1916 L. S. Gannett in A. H. Fried Restoration of Europe Foreword p. xiv Sit by and accept wars as..inevitable? That is not the American way. 1961 R. Gover One Hundred Dollar Misunderstanding 100 People who are working..to save the world for the American Way and keep her safe from communist dictatorship. 2003 Daily Mail (Nexis) 11 July 48 The Hulk..[is] not a patriot out to defend the American Way. b. In the names of plants and animals. American Beauty n. (more fully American beauty rose) a variety of cultivated rose with deep red petals. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > rose and allied flowers > rose > types of rose flower or bush summer rosea1456 French rose1538 damask rose?a1547 musk rose1559 province1562 winter rose1577 Austrian brier1590 rose of Provence1597 velvet rose1597 damasine-rose1607 Provence rose1614 blush-rose1629 maiden's blush1648 monthly rose tree1664 Provinsa1678 York and Lancaster rose1688 cinnamon rose1699 muscat rose1707 cabbage rose1727 China-rose1731 old-fashioned rose1773 moss rose1777 swamp rose1785 alba1797 Cherokee rose1804 Macartney rose1811 shepherd's rose1818 multiflora1820 prairie rose1822 Boursault1826 Banksian rose1827 maiden rose1827 moss1829 Noisette1829 seven sisters rose1830 Dundee rambler1834 Banksia rose1835 Chickasaw rose1835 Bourbon1836 climbing rose1836 green rose1837 hybrid China1837 Jaune Desprez1837 Lamarque1837 perpetual1837 pillar rose1837 rambler1837 wax rose1837 rugosa1840 China1844 Manetti1846 Banksian1847 remontant1847 gallica1848 hybrid perpetual1848 Persian Yellow1848 pole rose1848 monthly1849 tea rose1850 quarter sessions rose1851 Gloire de Dijon1854 Jacqueminot1857 Maréchal Niel1864 primrose1864 jack1867 La France1868 tea1869 Ramanas rose1876 Japanese rose1883 polyantha1883 old rose1885 American Beauty1887 hybrid tea1890 Japan rose1895 roselet1896 floribunda1898 Zéphirine Drouhin1901 Penzance briar1902 Dorothy Perkins1903 sweetheart1905 wichuraiana1907 mermaid1918 species rose1930 sweetheart rose1936 peace1944 shrub rose1948 1887 Columbus (Ohio) Hort. Soc. Jrnl. 2 43 The American Beauty is one of the finest introductions of late years. 1904 N.Y. Times 24 Nov. 14 A box of thirty-nine American Beauty roses. 2001 J. Traig & J. Balmain Beauty 22 Red ones [sc. rose petals] are best..; consult the gardener before you whack his or her prized American Beauties. American bison n. the bison native to North America, Bos bison; cf. bison n. 2, buffalo n.1 1c. ΚΠ 1731 M. Catesby Nat. Hist. Carolina I. p. xxvii (heading) Bison Americanus.] 1763 R. Brookes New Syst. Nat. Hist. I. 41 Mr. Catesby in his natural history of Carolina calls this the American Bison; and says it is the only species of the Wild Cow kind known in North America. 1846 Southern Q. Rev. Jan. 5 The American bison, besides the conformation of the head, and other important anatomical differences, has a pair of ribs more than domestic cattle. 1965 D. Morris Mammals 406 The American Bison is a striking animal with its huge, low-slung head and massive hump, the latter supported by vertebral extensions. 2011 Washington Post (Nexis) 13 Sept. e2 Environmental authorities in the United States and Mexico are working with the Nature Conservancy to reintroduce the American bison, which was on the verge of extinction in the 19th century. American blackbird n. any of various grackles and other birds of the New World family Icteridae; (formerly) spec. the common grackle, Quiscalus quiscula; cf. blackbird n. 2a. ΚΠ 1835 Penny Cycl. IV. 479/1 The American blackbirds, so destructive of the young maize-crop, are of a different race [from the European blackbird]. 1897 ‘M. Twain’ More Tramps Abroad 317 In..his cunning way of canting his head to one side upon occasion, he reminds one of the American blackbird. 1951 Auk 68 411 A careful study of the American blackbird family (Icteridae) during the past several years. 2001 Nat. New Eng. Fall 52 One of 94 species of American blackbirds, the bobolink, migrates seasonally through the forests. American blight n. the woolly aphid, Eriosoma lanigerum, which infests the bark of apple trees and related plants. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > invertebrates > phylum Arthropoda > class Insecta > subclass Pterygota > [noun] > division Exopterygota or Hemimetabola > order Hemiptera > suborder Homoptera > family Aphis > lachnus laginerus (American blight) American blight1815 apple aphis1815 1815 W. Kirby & W. Spence Introd. Entomol. I. vi. 196 The greatest enemy of this tree, and which has been known in this country [sc. England] only about twenty years, is the apple-aphis, called by some Coccus, and by others the American blight. 1897 Science 10 Sept. 388/1 Of the prominent European injurious insects..but three are said to have come from America; the grape-vine Phylloxera.., the woolly root-louse of the apple or ‘American blight’.., and the Mediterranean flour moth. 1953 Winnipeg (Manitoba) Free Press 5 Aug. 2/2 American blight is an apple tree pest which can be eliminated only by spraying. 1992 M. Gratwick Crop Pests in U.K. xiv. 78/2 This aphid originated in the eastern part of North America and is sometimes known as American blight. American boxwood n. chiefly U.S. (a) the dogwood Cornus florida of eastern North America, which has heavy close-grained wood; (also) the wood of this tree; (b) any of several typically large or fast-growing cultivars of common or European box, Buxus sempervirens. ΚΠ 1838 C. Atwater Hist. State Ohio 79 It [sc. the cornus florida]..is denominated the ‘yellow bark’... The wood of the same tree ‘the American boxwood’ is a very valuable wood of which to make flutes and other musical, wind instruments. 1921 Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 48 301 The flowering dogwood, Cornus florida L. (Cornaceae), is sometimes called American boxwood, presumably because of its use in the place of the true boxwood for shuttles. 1934 Wholesale Fall List (Koster & Co.) 11 Buxus semperviren balls (American Boxwood). 2009 M. W. Turner Remarkable Plants Texas 22/1 Of course, dogwood, which acquired the name American boxwood, began to feel the pressure, too. 2016 Daily News-Record (Harrisonburg, Va.) 17 Dec. e7/1 English boxwood is bright green and densely foliated with rounded leaves. American boxwood is darker, with more pointed leaves and looser in its growth habit. American centaury n. any plant of the genus Sabatia (family Gentianaceae), comprising herbaceous plants of North America and the West Indies, typically having pink flowers; esp. S. angularis; (in later use also) any North American species of the genus Centaurium.Plants of the genus Sabatia are now more commonly called marsh pink. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > plants and herbs > non-British plants or herbs > [noun] > North American > other plants bear grass1750 gardenia1756 sisyrinchium1767 heartsease1785 blazing star1789 nondo1791 unicorn-plant1796 screw-stem1802 American centaury1803 wild ginger?1804 pinweed1814 sabbatia1814 mountain mint1817 orange-root1817 richweed1818 goldenseal1828 pipeweed1837 snow plant1846 lopseed1850 devil's claw1876 turkey's beard1884 richweed1894 blue star grass1999 1803 B. S. Barton Elements Bot. 24 This [sc. the compound stem] is instanced in the Viscum, or Misletoe,..the Chironia angularis, or American Centaury, and others. 1978 Systematic Bot. 3 301 In this sample of well over half the American centauries, no diploids nor their immediate aneuploid derivatives were found. 2006 C. Wiart Medicinal Plants Asia & Pacific xxxiii. 239 A large number of Gentianaceae are bitter, but have been used in Western medicine to promote appetite. These include Sabatia angularis (American Centaury). American cockroach n. a large reddish-brown cockroach, Periplaneta americana, native to Africa and the Middle East but now a cosmopolitan pest typically found in buildings and sewers.Also called water bug. ΚΠ 1709 Monthly Misc. Jan. 10 The American Cock-roach... They are also very pernicious in Houses to the Inhabitants, eating or spoiling all their Cloath and Linnen. 1806 G. Shaw Gen. Zool. VI. i. 116 The Blatta Americana or American Cockroach, which has long ago been elegantly figured by Madam Merian in her work on the insects of Surinam, is of a light chesnut-colour. 1963 Sanitarian's Jrnl. Environmental Health 25 419/1 American cockroaches prefer warm, moist areas such as heated basements and steam tunnels. 2014 N.Y. Mag. 3 Feb. 38/2 Periplaneta americana, the American cockroach, is the big oval one that squishes when you step on it. American crocodile n. †(a) an armadillo (obsolete); †(b) the American alligator, Alligator mississippiensis (obsolete); (c) a neotropical crocodile, Crocodylus acutus, with a long tapering snout, found from Florida and Mexico to Venezuela and Peru. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > order Edentata > [noun] > family Dasypodidae (armadillo) > other types of American crocodile1678 kabassou1774 pichiciego1825 chlamydophore1836 kabalassou1884 1678 J. P. tr. J. Johnstone Descr. Nature Four-footed Beasts iii. 92/2 He is fourefooted, covered all over, tail and all with a hide like the slough of a Serpent, called the American-Crocodile, betwixt white, and ash-colour, but inclining more to white, like a Barbed war-horse, as big as an ordinary Dog, harmles, burrowing himself in the earth, like the Conies. 1733 S. Humphreys tr. N. A. Pluche Spectacle de la Nature I. xiii. 153 You mean the American Crocodile. 1851 De Bow's Rev. July 52 I shall now proceed to..other lower orders of animals, and the most prominent is the Alligator, or American Crocodile, sometimes called Lacerta Alligator. 1953 H. S. Zim & H. M. Smith Reptiles & Amphibians iv. 114 American crocodile is smaller, thinner, more agile than the alligator. 1991 Nature Conservancy May–June 28/2 This single island [sc. Key Largo] supports four globally endangered species—American crocodile, Schaus's swallowtail butterfly, and the Key Largo wood rat and cotton mouse. American eagle n. the bald eagle, Haliaeetus leucocephalus, a North American sea eagle with a white head and neck; a representation of this eagle as the national emblem of the United States (also figurative, symbolizing the United States). ΘΚΠ society > communication > indication > insignia > [noun] > specific emblems, badges, or cognizances > national ravenOE thistle1488 red cross1523 St George's cross1548 Britannia1605 red rose1618 British Lion1687 shamrock1712 leek1714 American eagle1782 rising sun1787 white horse1814 Bird of Freedom1825 Union Jack1847 maple leaf1860 meatball1919 red star1920 hammer and sickle1921 chakra1947 the world > animals > birds > order Falconiformes (falcons, etc.) > family Accipitridae (hawks, etc.) > [noun] > eagles > genus Haliaetus > species leucocephalus (bald-eagle) bald eagle1692 American eagle1782 Bird of Washington1828 bald-headed eagle1829 1782 Jrnl. Congr. 7 395 The escutcheon on the breast of the American eagle displayed proper, holding in his dexter talon an olive branch and in his sinister a bundle of thirteen arrows, all proper, and in his beak a scroll inscribed with this motto ‘E pluribus Unum.’ 1833 H. Barnard in Maryland Hist. Mag. (1918) 13 356 The Union badge is an American eagle mounted upon black with a small tassell. 1849 Knickerbocker 34 150/2 While he was a-talking about the American eagle, a tolerable-sized bird of that specie come and lit upon his crown. 1919 Mr. Punch's Hist. Great War 20 The American Eagle is not the Eagle we are up against. 1957 Encycl. Brit. VII. 822/2 (caption) American eagle... In the adult of this ‘bald’ sea eagle, the head, neck and tail are white. 1995 New Yorker 5 June 85/1 His earliest commission had been to paint an American eagle over the electric meter in a neighbor's basement. American Eskimo n. chiefly U.S. a breed of dog of the spitz type, distinguished by a dense coat of long white hair, pointed ears, and thick curled tail; a dog of this breed. ΚΠ 1934 Charleston (W. Va.) Gaz. 24 Feb. 11/4 (advt.) American Eskimo. Spitz pups pedigreed show stock. 1989 N. J. Hofman & C. J. Flamholtz Amer. Eskimo i. 24 American Eskimos are fun dogs to own. Their keen intelligence, and extraordinary desire to please make them adept at learning tricks of all kinds. 2001 J. Waterman Arctic Crossing iii. 235 The compact American Eskimo lapdog is the antithesis of the fractious Eskimo husky. American gooseberry mildew n. Horticulture a mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae, which chiefly affects gooseberry and blackcurrant bushes, causing a white powdery coating on young shoots and a brown felty covering on fruit and leaves. ΚΠ 1899 G. Massee Text-bk. Plant Dis. 97 American Gooseberry Mildew... The finer varieties of imported gooseberries have for several years suffered severely in the United States from the effects of a minute fungous parasite. 1942 R. Bush Soft Fruit Growing ix. 82 American gooseberry mildew is the brave New World's gift to the gooseberry grower. 2006 Daily Tel. (Nexis) 4 Nov. (Gardening section) 2 Choose varieties that are resistant to American gooseberry mildew if you don't want to have to spray against this disease. American marmot n. now rare the woodchuck or groundhog, Marmota monax, a heavily built marmot which is widespread in North America. ΘΚΠ the world > animals > mammals > group Unguiculata or clawed mammal > order Rodentia or rodent > [noun] > family Sciuridae (squirrel) > genus Marmota > marmota monax (woodchuck) moonack1666 woodchuck1670 Maryland marmot1771 groundhog1784 American marmot1797 1797 Encycl. Brit. XII. 463/1 The monax, or American marmot... The bobac, or Polish marmot... The empetra, or Canadian marmot. 1857 F. Gerhard Illinois as it Is 250 We have besides, the red, gray, black, and mottled, together with the flying squirrel,..the American marmot,..and two species of rabbits. 1941 Murrelet 22 16 The amount of blood in the American marmot (Marmota monax monax) differs with the time of year as well as with the degree of dormancy. 2005 Telegram & Gaz. (Mass.) (Nexis) 2 Feb. b1 Groundhog. Woodchuck. American marmot. They're all the same animal, and it's an animal that hibernates early and sleeps deeply. American marmalade n. see marmalade n. 2. American moss n. the dried stems of Spanish moss, Tillandsia usneoides, esp. as used in upholstery and craftwork. ΚΠ 1852 Times 16 Nov. 12/1 (advt.) American moss mattresses: a superior article. 1882 J. Smith Dict. Econ. Plants 277 American or New Orleans Moss. 1975 Florence (S. Carolina) Morning News 23 Nov. 10 c/1 Spanish moss is often used commercially, particularly in England, to stuff mattresses and upholstery. The English call it ‘American moss’. 2003 Akron (Ohio) Beacon (Nexis) 28 June e1 Reindeer moss..is not a true moss, nor are club moss and American moss. American olive n. (more fully American olive tree) the devil-wood, Osmanthus americanus (family Oleaceae). ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular timber trees or shrubs > non-British timber trees > [noun] > North American arrowwood1578 white pine1682 wicopy1704 American olive1772 pumpkin pine1809 mountain mahogany1810 redwood1819 western yellow pine1857 western hemlock1867 western red cedar1874 Sitka cedar1875 ponderosa1878 walking stick1910 1772 C. Milne Inst. Bot. ii. 239 Olea... Flowers proceed singly from the arm-pits of the leaves. In American olive they are disposed in short clusters. 1866 Land We Love (Charlotte, N. Carolina) May 78 American Olive..is a very fine evergreen, producing clusters of small white flowers. 1923 E.W. Berry Tree Ancestors xxi. 225 The devil-wood (Osmanthus) of our Gulf States, sometimes called the American olive, is also a member of this family [sc. Oleaceae]. 2004 D. Gelbert Canine Hiker's Bible 74 The..Osmanthus Trail, named for the American olive tree that grows abundantly on the fringes of the dark lagoon along the trail. ΚΠ 1744 A. Dobbs Acct. Countries adjoining Hudson's Bay 41 The American Oxen, or Beeves, have a large Bunch upon their Backs. 1851 G. Vasey Deliniations Ox Tribe 61 The different species of the Ox kind may be readily distinguished from the Gayal by the following marks;..the American Ox, by the gibbosity on its back. American saddlebred adj. and n. (also with capital initial in the second element) (a) adj. designating a saddle horse of a breed developed in Kentucky in the 19th cent., which may have either three or five gaits; (b) n. a horse of this type. ΚΠ 1903 19th Ann. Rep. Bureau Animal Industry 1902 (U.S. Dept. Agric.) 75 The history of cavalry service shows no parallel to the continuous fast movement of the cavalry under Morgan and Forest, and this service was rendered chiefly by the American saddle-bred horse. 1913 M. W. Harper Managem. & Breeding Horses ix. 114 The American Saddlebred stallion is rather popular for crossing on common mares to improve the gaits. 1976 Horse & Hound 10 Dec. 73/1 (advt.) 2 beautiful colts to mature 15 hands 2 in by American saddlebred Goldmount Bourbon Genius. 1993 Harrowsmith Feb. 38/1 Marina..rounds the corner of the barn on a handsome American saddlebred horse. 2005 Horse & Rider Apr. 125/3 Horsemen..added in the bloodlines of Thoroughbreds, Standardbreds, Morgans, and American Saddlebreds to produce the Tennessee Walking Horse. American saddle horse n. (also with capital initials in the second and third elements) an American saddlebred horse.In quot. 1835 perhaps denoting a generic riding-horse in the United States. ΚΠ 1835 Edinb. Rev. 61 390 She speaks as ill of the filth of London hackney-coaches as of the paces of American saddle-horses. 1853 N.-Y. Daily Times 26 Sept. 2/3 American saddle horses at $95 to $150; common saddle horses at $50 to $80. 2002 Pract. Horseman Jan. 29/2 Quarter Horses have a much higher incidence of clinical navicular disease than larger-footed American Saddle Horses. ΘΚΠ the world > plants > particular plants > trees and shrubs > non-British trees or shrubs > [noun] > mimosa or sensitive plant > plant similar to bastard sensitive plant1759 false sensitive plant1771 American sensitive plant1807 1772 J. Hill Veg. Syst. XX. 52 American Sensitive..Æschynomene Americana.] 1807 ‘A. McDonald’ Compl. Dict. Pract. Gardening at Mimosa M. pigra, Slow American Sensitive Plant. 1829 A. H. Lincoln Familiar Lect. Bot. xxvi. 149 Another species is Cassia nictitans, with very small yellow flowers and beautiful pinnate leaves, which remain folded at night; it shrinks back from the touch, for which reason it is called the American sensitive plant. 1863 T. Hood Works VII. App. 408 Collars curling off from the obnoxious glowing cheek, like the leaves of the American sensitive plant. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, June 2008; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.adj.1568 |
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