abakwethaadj.n.

Brit.

/abəˈkweɪtə/, U.S.

/ˌæbəˈkweɪdə/, South African English

/ʌbəˈkweɪtə/

Inflections: Plural -s, unchanged;

Forms: 1800s– abakweta, 1800s– abakwetha, 1900s– abakhweta, 1900s– abakhwetha, 1900s– abakhwethas.

Origin: A borrowing from Xhosa. Etymon: Xhosa abakhwetha.

Etymology: < Xhosa abakhwetha, plural < aba- plural class prefix + kwetha initiate. Compare amakwetha n.

South African.

A. adj. (attributive).

Of or relating to the traditional initiation period or ritual symbolizing passage into manhood among Xhosas.

ΚΠ

1846 Missionary Mag. Aug. 126/2 This was all drunk at a meeting of Chiefs and Amapakali [i.e. Amapakati], assembled at the abakweta dance.

1891 Wesleyan Missionary Notices Dec. 269 Some hundreds of youths have been going about in this costume and practising the ‘Abakweta’ rites since January.

1907 Eng. Illustr. Mag. May 113/1 During the Abakweta year they [sc. the initiates] are called upon once a fortnight to give a dance in public.

1979 Eastern Province Herald (Port Elizabeth) 2 Feb. (Indaba section) 2 Some go so far during their abakhwetha period to attend functions, appearing there well-dressed before returning to the bush.

1998 Jrnl. S. Afr. Stud. 24 656 The overstocked and congested hillsides offered little opportunity for hunting by herd-boys or abakweta initiates roaming around circumcision lodges.

2003 Times (Nexis) 21 Mar. (Times2) 8 Some of the products have strong African origins. Abakwetha, or circumcision, blankets have..a strong spiritual aura.

B. n.

1. Young Xhosa men who are undergoing ritual initiation into manhood at a traditional school.The word is plural (the Xhosa singular being umkwetha), but it is occasionally used as a singular noun by English-speakers (see quot. 1978).

ΚΠ

1856 J. C. Warner in J. Maclean Compend. Kafir Laws (1906) 95 [The] state of initiation is called ‘ubukweta’, the boys themselves being termed ‘abakweta’.

1891 T. R. Beattie Pambaniso 215 During this period the Abakweta are isolated in huts by themselves, and a man is appointed to attend to them and look after their wants.

1937 B. J. F. Laubscher Sex, Custom & Psychopathol. (1951) vi. 123 From the moment of circumcision the abakweta are not allowed to smoke, drink water or feed themselves until after the third sacrifice.

1978 Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 70 10 A photograph..shows an abakwetha carrying his calabash.

1993 Daily Disp. (East London, S. Afr.) 6 Aug. 11 (caption) These abakhweta were..sauntering down the main road near Bridle Drift Dam, East London.

2010 M. Vandermerwe This Place I Call Home 142 More than that, they were abakhwethas together,..in the same school they were initiated as men of the tribe.

2. Among Xhosas: the traditional initiation period or ritual symbolizing passage into manhood.

ΚΠ

1856 J. C. Warner in J. Maclean Compend. Kafir Laws (1906) 95 [The] state of initiation is called ‘ubukweta’.]

1875 C. Brownlee Let. in Kaffir Express 1 Nov. 5/1 I now notice the custom of ‘abakweta’, to which you hold fast above all other customs.

1900 Missionary Rev. of World July 522 ‘Abakweta’ is associated with the attainment of manhood, and is the season of circumcision and seclusion during uncleanness, in a hut which is subsequently burned down.

1980 E. Joubert Poppie Nongena 41 Three of the boys went together to do abakwetha.

2009 N. Livingstone Xhosa Double p. ix When the ‘abakweta’ or ritual circumcision was performed on him with an instrument that was none too sharp, Sipho fainted.

This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	abakwetha
释义	abakwethaadj.n. Brit. /abəˈkweɪtə/, U.S. /ˌæbəˈkweɪdə/, South African English /ʌbəˈkweɪtə/ Inflections: Plural -s, unchanged; Forms: 1800s– abakweta, 1800s– abakwetha, 1900s– abakhweta, 1900s– abakhwetha, 1900s– abakhwethas. Origin: A borrowing from Xhosa. Etymon: Xhosa abakhwetha. Etymology: < Xhosa abakhwetha, plural < aba- plural class prefix + kwetha initiate. Compare amakwetha n. South African. A. adj. (attributive). Of or relating to the traditional initiation period or ritual symbolizing passage into manhood among Xhosas. ΚΠ 1846 Missionary Mag. Aug. 126/2 This was all drunk at a meeting of Chiefs and Amapakali [i.e. Amapakati], assembled at the abakweta dance. 1891 Wesleyan Missionary Notices Dec. 269 Some hundreds of youths have been going about in this costume and practising the ‘Abakweta’ rites since January. 1907 Eng. Illustr. Mag. May 113/1 During the Abakweta year they [sc. the initiates] are called upon once a fortnight to give a dance in public. 1979 Eastern Province Herald (Port Elizabeth) 2 Feb. (Indaba section) 2 Some go so far during their abakhwetha period to attend functions, appearing there well-dressed before returning to the bush. 1998 Jrnl. S. Afr. Stud. 24 656 The overstocked and congested hillsides offered little opportunity for hunting by herd-boys or abakweta initiates roaming around circumcision lodges. 2003 Times (Nexis) 21 Mar. (Times2) 8 Some of the products have strong African origins. Abakwetha, or circumcision, blankets have..a strong spiritual aura. B. n. 1. Young Xhosa men who are undergoing ritual initiation into manhood at a traditional school.The word is plural (the Xhosa singular being umkwetha), but it is occasionally used as a singular noun by English-speakers (see quot. 1978). ΚΠ 1856 J. C. Warner in J. Maclean Compend. Kafir Laws (1906) 95 [The] state of initiation is called ‘ubukweta’, the boys themselves being termed ‘abakweta’. 1891 T. R. Beattie Pambaniso 215 During this period the Abakweta are isolated in huts by themselves, and a man is appointed to attend to them and look after their wants. 1937 B. J. F. Laubscher Sex, Custom & Psychopathol. (1951) vi. 123 From the moment of circumcision the abakweta are not allowed to smoke, drink water or feed themselves until after the third sacrifice. 1978 Ann. S. Afr. Mus. 70 10 A photograph..shows an abakwetha carrying his calabash. 1993 Daily Disp. (East London, S. Afr.) 6 Aug. 11 (caption) These abakhweta were..sauntering down the main road near Bridle Drift Dam, East London. 2010 M. Vandermerwe This Place I Call Home 142 More than that, they were abakhwethas together,..in the same school they were initiated as men of the tribe. 2. Among Xhosas: the traditional initiation period or ritual symbolizing passage into manhood. ΚΠ 1856 J. C. Warner in J. Maclean Compend. Kafir Laws (1906) 95 [The] state of initiation is called ‘ubukweta’.] 1875 C. Brownlee Let. in Kaffir Express 1 Nov. 5/1 I now notice the custom of ‘abakweta’, to which you hold fast above all other customs. 1900 Missionary Rev. of World July 522 ‘Abakweta’ is associated with the attainment of manhood, and is the season of circumcision and seclusion during uncleanness, in a hut which is subsequently burned down. 1980 E. Joubert Poppie Nongena 41 Three of the boys went together to do abakwetha. 2009 N. Livingstone Xhosa Double p. ix When the ‘abakweta’ or ritual circumcision was performed on him with an instrument that was none too sharp, Sipho fainted. This is a new entry (OED Third Edition, December 2011; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adj.n.1846
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