drudgen.

Brit.

/drʌdʒ/, U.S.

/drədʒ/

Forms: Also 1500s drugge, drug.

Etymology: The derivation of this and the associated verb is obscure: the noun is known c1500, the verb about 50 years later. As a rarer form of both, drugge , drug is also found 1550–1650. The forms and sense would both be satisfied by an Old English noun *drycgea ‘labourer’, < *dryge < *drugi-z ‘labour’, < u -grade drug- of dréogan to work, etc. (dree v.), (compare lyre, scyte, < léosan, scéotan, etc.); or by an Old English verb *drycgean, West Germanic *druggjan < *drugjan, from same verb; but of these no actual trace has been found either in Old English or Middle English.

1. One employed in mean, servile, or distasteful work; a slave, a hack; a hard toiler.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > subjection > service > servant > types of servant > [noun] > menial servant or drudge

drivelc1225

meniala1387

druggarc1500

drudgea1513

kitchen wencha1556

coal carrier1567

droy1570

packhorse?1577

droil1579

blue coat1583

sumpter1587

mill-horse1602

subsizar1602

jackal1649

mediastine1658

slut1664

hack1699

scrub1709

Gibeonite1798

the lion's provider1808

slush1825

Slave of the Lampc1840

runabout1893

lobby-gow1906

squidge1907

dogsbody1922

legman1939

shit-kicker1950

a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce (1516) II. f. xxviii^v Many they held as drudges and captyues.

1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 215/2 Drudge, a woman servaunt, druge, meschine.

1579–80 T. North tr. Plutarch Lives (1676) 791 Getting their living as drudges and slaves, to do most vile Service.

1691 A. Wood Athenæ Oxonienses II. 705 He was the common drudge of the University..to make, correct, or review the Latine Sermons..before they were to be delivered.

1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Lexicographer, a writer of dictionaries; a harmless drudge, that busies himself in tracing the original, and detailing the signification of words.

1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker I. 88 I was not born to be the household drudge.

1859 J. G. Holland Gold Foil xxvi. 326 The Pastor..is required to be the hardest drudge in his parish.

β. 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Drudge, or drugge, or vile seruant in a house, whych doth all the vyle seruice.1592 R. Greene Disput. Conny-catcher sig. E3 At these wise words spoken by so base a drug as his mayd.Cf. a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) iv. iii. 255. ] figurative.1570 T. Tusser Hundreth Good Pointes Husbandry (new ed.) f. 2^v I [sc. Husbandry] Seme but a drudge, yet..To such as can vse mee great wealth I do bring.1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. ii. 73 Destiny is no mans drudge.1872 J. Morley Voltaire i. 13 Discrowning sovereign reason to be the serving drudge of superstition.

2. The performance of drudgery.

ΚΠ

1892 R. L. Stevenson & L. Osbourne Wrecker xv With every day it took harder driving to keep them to the daily drudge.

Compounds

attributive and in other combinations.

ΚΠ

a1739 C. Jarvis tr. M. de Cervantes Don Quixote (1742) I. i. 4 Rozinante. Note, From Rozin, a common drudge-horse, and ante, before.

1840 J. S. Mill Diss. & Disc. (1875) I. 465 The..drudge-like aversion to change.

1849 N. Kingsley Diary 72 Mr. Potter is at work at harnesses for drudge horses.

Derivatives

ˈdrudgical adj. belonging to a drudge.Apparently an isolated use.

ΚΠ

[see drudgical adj.].

ˈdrudgism n. the practice of a drudge.Apparently an isolated use.

ΚΠ

1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus iii. x, in Fraser's Mag. Aug. 188/2 Dandiacal Self-worship or Demon-worship, and Poor-Slavish or Drudgical Earth-worship, or whatever that same Drudgism may be.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

drudgev.

Brit.

/drʌdʒ/, U.S.

/drədʒ/

Forms: Also 1500s–1600s drugge, drug.

Etymology: apparently < drudge n. But compare Norwegian drugga to go laboriously, bent over and with bending knees, as under a heavy burden. (Ross.) Both drudge and drug v.¹, were in early times spelt drugge : so that there are cases in which it is difficult to be certain which word is meant. It is especially so with the two Middle English instances (a1240 and c1386) which are left provisionally under drug v.¹, but of which one or both may possibly belong here.

1. intransitive. To perform mean or servile tasks; to work hard or slavishly; to toil at laborious and distasteful work.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > working > [verb (intransitive)] > work hard or toil

workeOE

swingc1000

to the boneOE

labourc1390

toilc1400

drevyll?1518

drudge1548

droy1576

droil1591

to tug at the (an) oar1612

to stand to it1632

rudge1676

slave1707

to work like a beaver1741

to hold (also keep, bring, put) one's nose to the grindstone1828

to feague it away1829

to work like a nigger1836

delve1838

slave1852

leather1863

to sweat one's guts out1890

hunker1903

to sweat (also work) one's guts out1932

to eat (also work) like a horse1937

beaver1946

to work like a drover's dog1952

to get one's nose down (to)1962

the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > exert oneself or make an effort [verb (intransitive)] > toil > at something unpleasant

drevyll?1518

drudge1548

droy1576

droil1591

delve1838

1548 [implied in: T. Cranmer Catechismus sig. Eviij^v These small & druggynge workes. (at drudging adj.)].

1555 W. Waterman tr. Josephus in tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions sig. Y.ii The labouryng manne, that toileth and drudgeth with his body.

1609 R. Cawdrey Table Alphabet. (ed. 2) Drudge, toyle.

1654 R. Whitlock Ζωοτομία 188 The World is but his Slave..to drudge to his Necessity.

1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1752 I. 129 While her husband was drudging in the smoke of London.

1868 M. Pattison Suggestions Acad. Organisation v. 234 College-tutors do indeed work; they drudge.

2. transitive. To subject to drudgery. rare.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > working > [verb (transitive)] > set (person) to work > overwork

overtravaila1382

slave1699

sweat1821

haze1840

drudge1847

horse1867

slave-drive1878

rawhide1895

the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [verb (transitive)] > perform with labour, toil at > cause to toil > at anything monotonous or unpleasant

implod1609

droila1644

drudge1847

1847 R. W. Hamilton Disq. Sabbath (1848) v. 163 A hardness of heart which cares not how his brother-man is drudged.

1861 H. Bushnell Christian Nurture ii. vi. 331 He will..even drudge himself to serve it.

3. drudge out, to perform as drudgery; drudge away, drudge over, to pass in drudgery; drudge down, to repress with drudgery.

ΚΠ

1645 J. Milton Tetrachordon 76 The end of the commandment is charity..not the drudging out a poore and worthlesse duty forc't from us.

1682 T. Otway Venice Preserv'd ii. 23 Rise to our toils, and drudge away the day.

1706 G. Granville Brit. Enchanters i. i. 12 What is an Age in dull Renown drudg'd o're?

1862 Athenæum 30 Aug. 282 Rouse the independent faculties of the student's mind,—not, as now, mechanically drudge them down.

Derivatives

drudged adj. set to laborious or servile tasks.

ΚΠ

1851 D. Jerrold St. Giles & St. James (new ed.) xx, in Writings I. 210 The drudged horse stood meek and passive in the field.

ˈdrudging n. drudgery.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [noun] > labour or toil > wearisome or unrewarding

drudgery1548

slavery1551

droiling1607

sluttery1615

under-drudgery1625

drudging1634

droila1644

fag1780

scrubbery1783

stodge1846

buggerlugging1878

1634 Bp. J. Hall Contempl. Hist. New Test. (STC 12640.5) 96 Life..spent in a continuall drudging for edification.

1710 Brit. Apollo 22–25 Feb. Condemn'd to Drudging.

ˈdrudger n. one who drudges.

ΘΚΠ

society > occupation and work > worker > worker according to manner of working > [noun] > toiling or working hard

swinker1340

travailera1382

sweatera1529

toiler1549

moiler1563

drudger1755

Stakhanovite1935

Stakhanovist1938

workaholic1947

1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Drudger, a mean labourer.

1885 M. Collins Prettiest Woman in Warsaw I. ix. 136 A mere drudger for daily bread.

† ˈdrudge-pudding n. Obsolete a kitchen drudge.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > cooking > service in kitchen > [noun] > kitchen servant

squiller1303

waynpainc1330

kitchener1332

custronc1400

kitchen knave1440

scullion1483

scudler1488

swiller?a1500

dishwashera1529

lubber1538

kitchen maid1551

kitchen wencha1556

scull1566

washpot1570

kitchen stuff1582

scrape-trencher1603

kitchenist?1617

trencher-scraper1650

mediastine1658

drudge-pudding1737

marmiton1754

knife-boy1847

potwalloper1859

kitchen mechanic1861

1737 J. Ozell tr. F. Rabelais Wks. II. 225 A Kitchen-slave, a Drudge-pudding.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	drudge
释义	drudgen. Brit. /drʌdʒ/, U.S. /drədʒ/ Forms: Also 1500s drugge, drug. Etymology: The derivation of this and the associated verb is obscure: the noun is known c1500, the verb about 50 years later. As a rarer form of both, drugge , drug is also found 1550–1650. The forms and sense would both be satisfied by an Old English noun drycgea ‘labourer’, < dryge < drugi-z ‘labour’, < u -grade drug-* of dréogan to work, etc. (dree v.), (compare lyre, scyte, < léosan, scéotan, etc.); or by an Old English verb drycgean, West Germanic druggjan < drugjan, from same verb; but of these no actual trace has been found either in Old English or Middle English. 1. One employed in mean, servile, or distasteful work; a slave, a hack; a hard toiler. ΘΚΠ society > authority > subjection > service > servant > types of servant > [noun] > menial servant or drudge drivelc1225 meniala1387 druggarc1500 drudgea1513 kitchen wencha1556 coal carrier1567 droy1570 packhorse?1577 droil1579 blue coat1583 sumpter1587 mill-horse1602 subsizar1602 jackal1649 mediastine1658 slut1664 hack1699 scrub1709 Gibeonite1798 the lion's provider1808 slush1825 Slave of the Lampc1840 runabout1893 lobby-gow1906 squidge1907 dogsbody1922 legman1939 shit-kicker1950 a1513 R. Fabyan New Cronycles Eng. & Fraunce* (1516) II. f. xxviii^v Many they held as drudges and captyues. 1530 J. Palsgrave Lesclarcissement 215/2 Drudge, a woman servaunt, druge, meschine. 1579–80 T. North tr. Plutarch Lives (1676) 791 Getting their living as drudges and slaves, to do most vile Service. 1691 A. Wood Athenæ Oxonienses II. 705 He was the common drudge of the University..to make, correct, or review the Latine Sermons..before they were to be delivered. 1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Lexicographer, a writer of dictionaries; a harmless drudge, that busies himself in tracing the original, and detailing the signification of words. 1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker I. 88 I was not born to be the household drudge. 1859 J. G. Holland Gold Foil xxvi. 326 The Pastor..is required to be the hardest drudge in his parish. β. 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Drudge, or drugge, or vile seruant in a house, whych doth all the vyle seruice.1592 R. Greene Disput. Conny-catcher sig. E3 At these wise words spoken by so base a drug as his mayd.Cf. a1616 W. Shakespeare Timon of Athens (1623) iv. iii. 255. ] figurative.1570 T. Tusser Hundreth Good Pointes Husbandry (new ed.) f. 2^v I [sc. Husbandry] Seme but a drudge, yet..To such as can vse mee great wealth I do bring.1632 W. Lithgow Totall Disc. Trav. ii. 73 Destiny is no mans drudge.1872 J. Morley Voltaire i. 13 Discrowning sovereign reason to be the serving drudge of superstition. 2. The performance of drudgery. ΚΠ 1892 R. L. Stevenson & L. Osbourne Wrecker xv With every day it took harder driving to keep them to the daily drudge. Compounds attributive and in other combinations. ΚΠ a1739 C. Jarvis tr. M. de Cervantes Don Quixote (1742) I. i. 4 Rozinante. Note, From Rozin, a common drudge-horse, and ante, before. 1840 J. S. Mill Diss. & Disc. (1875) I. 465 The..drudge-like aversion to change. 1849 N. Kingsley Diary 72 Mr. Potter is at work at harnesses for drudge horses. Derivatives ˈdrudgical adj. belonging to a drudge.Apparently an isolated use. ΚΠ [see drudgical adj.]. ˈdrudgism n. the practice of a drudge.Apparently an isolated use. ΚΠ 1834 T. Carlyle Sartor Resartus iii. x, in Fraser's Mag. Aug. 188/2 Dandiacal Self-worship or Demon-worship, and Poor-Slavish or Drudgical Earth-worship, or whatever that same Drudgism may be. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022). drudgev. Brit. /drʌdʒ/, U.S. /drədʒ/ Forms: Also 1500s–1600s drugge, drug. Etymology: apparently < drudge n. But compare Norwegian drugga to go laboriously, bent over and with bending knees, as under a heavy burden. (Ross.) Both drudge and drug v.¹, were in early times spelt drugge : so that there are cases in which it is difficult to be certain which word is meant. It is especially so with the two Middle English instances (a1240 and c1386) which are left provisionally under drug v.¹, but of which one or both may possibly belong here. 1. intransitive. To perform mean or servile tasks; to work hard or slavishly; to toil at laborious and distasteful work. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > working > [verb (intransitive)] > work hard or toil workeOE swingc1000 to the boneOE labourc1390 toilc1400 drevyll?1518 drudge1548 droy1576 droil1591 to tug at the (an) oar1612 to stand to it1632 rudge1676 slave1707 to work like a beaver1741 to hold (also keep, bring, put) one's nose to the grindstone1828 to feague it away1829 to work like a nigger1836 delve1838 slave1852 leather1863 to sweat one's guts out1890 hunker1903 to sweat (also work) one's guts out1932 to eat (also work) like a horse1937 beaver1946 to work like a drover's dog1952 to get one's nose down (to)1962 the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > exert oneself or make an effort [verb (intransitive)] > toil > at something unpleasant drevyll?1518 drudge1548 droy1576 droil1591 delve1838 1548 [implied in: T. Cranmer Catechismus sig. Eviij^v These small & druggynge workes. (at drudging adj.)]. 1555 W. Waterman tr. Josephus in tr. J. Boemus Fardle of Facions sig. Y.ii The labouryng manne, that toileth and drudgeth with his body. 1609 R. Cawdrey Table Alphabet. (ed. 2) Drudge, toyle. 1654 R. Whitlock Ζωοτομία 188 The World is but his Slave..to drudge to his Necessity. 1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1752 I. 129 While her husband was drudging in the smoke of London. 1868 M. Pattison Suggestions Acad. Organisation v. 234 College-tutors do indeed work; they drudge. 2. transitive. To subject to drudgery. rare. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > working > [verb (transitive)] > set (person) to work > overwork overtravaila1382 slave1699 sweat1821 haze1840 drudge1847 horse1867 slave-drive1878 rawhide1895 the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [verb (transitive)] > perform with labour, toil at > cause to toil > at anything monotonous or unpleasant implod1609 droila1644 drudge1847 1847 R. W. Hamilton Disq. Sabbath (1848) v. 163 A hardness of heart which cares not how his brother-man is drudged. 1861 H. Bushnell Christian Nurture ii. vi. 331 He will..even drudge himself to serve it. 3. drudge out, to perform as drudgery; drudge away, drudge over, to pass in drudgery; drudge down, to repress with drudgery. ΚΠ 1645 J. Milton Tetrachordon 76 The end of the commandment is charity..not the drudging out a poore and worthlesse duty forc't from us. 1682 T. Otway Venice Preserv'd ii. 23 Rise to our toils, and drudge away the day. 1706 G. Granville Brit. Enchanters i. i. 12 What is an Age in dull Renown drudg'd o're? 1862 Athenæum 30 Aug. 282 Rouse the independent faculties of the student's mind,—not, as now, mechanically drudge them down. Derivatives drudged adj. set to laborious or servile tasks. ΚΠ 1851 D. Jerrold St. Giles & St. James (new ed.) xx, in Writings I. 210 The drudged horse stood meek and passive in the field. ˈdrudging n. drudgery. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > effort or exertion > [noun] > labour or toil > wearisome or unrewarding drudgery1548 slavery1551 droiling1607 sluttery1615 under-drudgery1625 drudging1634 droila1644 fag1780 scrubbery1783 stodge1846 buggerlugging1878 1634 Bp. J. Hall Contempl. Hist. New Test. (STC 12640.5) 96 Life..spent in a continuall drudging for edification. 1710 Brit. Apollo 22–25 Feb. Condemn'd to Drudging. ˈdrudger n. one who drudges. ΘΚΠ society > occupation and work > worker > worker according to manner of working > [noun] > toiling or working hard swinker1340 travailera1382 sweatera1529 toiler1549 moiler1563 drudger1755 Stakhanovite1935 Stakhanovist1938 workaholic1947 1755 S. Johnson Dict. Eng. Lang. Drudger, a mean labourer. 1885 M. Collins Prettiest Woman in Warsaw I. ix. 136 A mere drudger for daily bread. † ˈdrudge-pudding n. Obsolete a kitchen drudge. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > food > food manufacture and preparation > cooking > service in kitchen > [noun] > kitchen servant squiller1303 waynpainc1330 kitchener1332 custronc1400 kitchen knave1440 scullion1483 scudler1488 swiller?a1500 dishwashera1529 lubber1538 kitchen maid1551 kitchen wencha1556 scull1566 washpot1570 kitchen stuff1582 scrape-trencher1603 kitchenist?1617 trencher-scraper1650 mediastine1658 drudge-pudding1737 marmiton1754 knife-boy1847 potwalloper1859 kitchen mechanic1861 1737 J. Ozell tr. F. Rabelais Wks. II. 225 A Kitchen-slave, a Drudge-pudding. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.a1513v.1548
随便看	racked racked out racked up rackensack rackensacker racker rackers racket racket abuse racket away racket bat racket court racket face racket frame racket handle racket head racket it racket match racket player racket press racket ring racket sport racket store racket string racket wheel