dundern.¹

Brit.

/ˈdʌndə/, U.S.

/ˈdəndər/

Origin: A borrowing from Spanish. Etymon: Spanish redundar.

Etymology: Apparently irregularly < Spanish redundar to overflow (see redound v.), with loss of the initial syllable and retention of the Spanish infinitive ending.

Originally Jamaican.

In the production of rum: the lees or dregs from the fermentation of a batch of cane juice or molasses, which contains active yeasts and is typically reserved and left to ferment in a vat or pit before being used to start the fermentation of fresh batches. In early use also: †refuse or dregs from the process of sugar production, used in the fermentation of rum (obsolete).The use of dunder to start fermentation is characteristically associated with Jamaican rum.

ΘΚΠ

the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > [noun] > dregs or lees in vessel or cask

drastc1000

drosenc1000

drega1300

lagsa1525

bottom1563

snuff1592

tilta1603

tilting1611

heeltap1753

dunder1774

tops and bottoms1905

the world > food and drink > food > additive > sweetener > syrup > [noun] > in sugar manufacture > juice of sugar cane > dregs or refuse of

trash1707

dunder1774

cane trash1790

sugar-wash1812

bagasse1833

megass1833

dabs1858

pummy1877

1774 E. Long Hist. Jamaica II. vi. 564 A proportion of volatile oil is likewise produced..in form of what is generally called dunder.

1788 P. Marsden Acct. Island Jamaica 27 The skimmings of the cane juice and the refuse of the two first coppers, called dunder, are carried by lead gutters to the still-house.

1795 J. Dalrymple Let. to Admiralty 5 The miserable ferment called Dunder, which is the only one used in the West Indies.

1823 T. Roughley Jamaica Planter's Guide iv. 210 The dunder should remain for some hours to cool and clarify.

1876 Jrnl. Soc. Arts 22 Dec. 96/1 When they are fermented and distilled these salts remain in the dunder.

1949 Year Bk. Caribbean Res. 1948 i. 5 To determine whether dunder as produced in Jamaica, can yield any products of economic value, or whether it is capable of use in any form as a soil improver or fertilizer.

2016 South China Morning Post (Hong Kong) (Nexis) 13 Apr. 8 The best are from Jamaica, where dunder..is used, very much like a sourdough starter is used for bread.

Compounds

attributive, designating a vessel or pit in which dunder is left to ferment naturally before being used in subsequent fermentations, as (originally) dunder cistern, (now) dunder pit.

ΚΠ

1790 W. Beckford Descriptive Acct. Jamaica II. 32 A large butt for the deposit of the low wines is likewise a necessary appendage of this part of the building, as are a dunder-cistern and a tank for the reception of the worms, in, or at the back of, the still-house.

1872 P. Soames Treat. Manuf. Sugar 100 The spent wash, or ‘dunder’, is run out into the dunder cistern.

1895 Daily Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 22 Jan. 7/5 The funny part is that the rum manufactured in the clean and renovated Dunder pit was universally pronounced to be vastly inferior.

1971 H. Johnson World Atlas of Wine vii. 250/2 The residue is stored in ‘dunder pits’ where it ferments slowly and continuously.

2014 A. Rogers Proof iii. 73 As far as I can tell, no one has tried to sort through the microbiome of a dunder pit.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

dundern.²

Brit.

/ˈdʌndə/, U.S.

/ˈdəndər/, Scottish English

/ˈdʌndər/,

/ˈdʌnər/, Irish English

/ˈdʌndər/

Forms: see dunder v.

Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: dunder v.

Etymology: < dunder v.Compare Norwegian dunder , Swedish dunder (1541), both in sense ‘thunder, rumble, boom’ ( < Middle Low German donner , donder , dunner : see thunder n.).

Scottish and Irish English (northern).

1. A loud, reverberating noise; a loud rumble.

ΘΚΠ

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > loudness > [noun] > loud sound or noise

chirma800

dina1000

utas1202

noise?c1225

nurthc1225

dinninga1400

glama1400

glavera1400

reer?a1400

reirdc1400

dunch1440

steveningc1440

rebound1457

bruit?1473

alarm1489

yell1509

gild?a1513

shout?a1513

reveriea1522

routa1522

thundering1560

rumouringc1563

dinrie?1566

rear1567

fray1568

thunder-crack1595

thunder1600

fanfarea1605

fragor1605

clamour1606

thunder-clap1610

obstrepency1623

tonitruation1658

randana1661

clarion1667

leden1674

bluster1724

salvoa1734

ding1750

row1753

tonance1778

dunder1780

chang1788

blare1807

flare1815

detonation1830

trump1848

trumpeting1850

foghorn1875

yammer1932

1780 J. Mayne Silver Gun ii, in Edinb. Mag. 5 July 373/2 Be this time now, wi' mony a dunner, Auld guns gae'd brattlin' aff like thunner.

1850 J. Struthers Poet. Wks. I. Autobiog. 129 The dunner of the engine..has ceased.

1929 Banffshire Jrnl. 29 Jan. 2/3 A chance we'd like to vent oor wae An' mak' a dinnir.

1983 W. L. Lorimer & R. L. C. Lorimer New Test. in Scots (2010) Rev. xix. 443 The dunner o dinnlin thunder.

2002 Belfast News Let. (Nexis) 19 Nov. 17 I could hear the dunder through the walls.

2. A resounding, heavy blow.

ΘΚΠ

the world > movement > impact > striking > striking with specific degree of force > [noun] > striking heavily > a heavy blow > and resounding

bouncea1529

bang?c1550

dunder1789

plunk1809

crack1836

1789 D. Davidson Thoughts Seasons 18 His Maggy on his mind, Did sometimes gie a dunner.

1897 S. R. Crockett Lads' Love xxii. 243 I wad hae gi'en him a dunner on the side o' the heid.

1977 J. Morrow Confessions Proinsias O'Toole 78 Would y'ever wait till he gits this length an' hit him a good dunder up the balls, Francie?

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

dunderv.

Brit.

/ˈdʌndə/, U.S.

/ˈdəndər/, Scottish English

/ˈdʌndər/,

/ˈdʌnər/, Irish English

/ˈdʌndər/

Forms: Scottish 1700s– dunder, 1700s– dunner, 1900s dinnir (Aberdeenshire), 1900s– dinner (Aberdeenshire); Irish English (northern) 1800s– dundher, 1800s– dundther, 1800s– dunner, 1900s– dhunder, 1900s– dhunner, 1900s– dunder; English regional (Northumberland) 1800s dunner.

Origin: Probably a borrowing from Scandinavian.

Etymology: Probably < a form in a Scandinavian language (compare Norwegian dundre , Old Swedish dunra , dundra (Swedish dundra ), Danish dundre , all in sense ‘to thunder, rumble, roar, boom’) < Middle Low German donnern , donren , dondern (see thunder v.).

Chiefly Scottish and Irish English (northern).

a. intransitive. To make a loud, deep resounding noise; to reverberate, rumble.

ΚΠ

1724 [implied in: Battle of Harlaw in A. Ramsay Ever Green 85 The dandring Drums alloud did touk. (at dundering adj.¹)].

1802 J. Sibbald Chron. Sc. Poetry IV. Gloss. Dunner, dunder, to make a noise like thunder.

1820 Edinb. Mag. & Literary Misc. June 533/2 It gard the divots stour off the house riggins and every caber dunner.

1919 G. Rae 'Tween Clyde & Tweed 106 The tacket drivin' dunners nevermair.

1953 M. Traynor Eng. Dial. Donegal 91/2 Dunder, to rumble, as thunder; to give out a loud thundering noise.

2005 C. De Luca Smootie comes ta Lerrick 4 Da cars cam on, an a truck. Da starn wis hauled up. Da engines dundered. Dey wir aff.

b. intransitive. To knock, bang, or fall on something with a loud, resounding noise, esp. to knock loudly and repeatedly on a door. Followed by a prepositional phrase, esp. with on or at.

ΚΠ

1827 W. Tennant Papistry Storm'd 180 As down he dunner'd on the ground.

1904 Dennison's Orcadian Sketches (new ed.) 2 The men rooted, and bogled, an' dundered on de roothes o' the boats wi' their ayres.

1913 A. F. Irvine My Lady of Chimney-corner vi. 121 I dundthered at his doore till he opened it.

a1967 C. M. Costie Coll. Orkney Dial. Tales (1976) 127 I dundered on the closet door whar aald Merran sleepid.

2005 P. Dante Dooble Veesion in New Shetlander No. 233. 10/2 Reeseled frae his bed wi roars An rongs dat dundered on da door Da panic stricken Doctor raise An fled doonstairs.

†2. intransitive. Scottish (southern). To move quickly and noisily. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1793 T. Scott Poems 365 The thrawn-fac't politicians, now as thick I' mony spats as paddocks in a pool, Wad aften in a jiffie to auld Nick Sen' ane anither dunnerin' saul an' hool.

1847 J. Halliday Rustic Bard 189 She tuk alang the road hersel', As fast as she could dunner.

1923 G. Watson Roxburghshire Word-bk. 119 Dunner, to move in a noisy manner.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

n.¹1774

n.²1780

v.1724

单词	dunder
释义	dundern.¹ Brit. /ˈdʌndə/, U.S. /ˈdəndər/ Origin: A borrowing from Spanish. Etymon: Spanish redundar. Etymology: Apparently irregularly < Spanish redundar to overflow (see redound v.), with loss of the initial syllable and retention of the Spanish infinitive ending. Originally Jamaican. In the production of rum: the lees or dregs from the fermentation of a batch of cane juice or molasses, which contains active yeasts and is typically reserved and left to ferment in a vat or pit before being used to start the fermentation of fresh batches. In early use also: †refuse or dregs from the process of sugar production, used in the fermentation of rum (obsolete).The use of dunder to start fermentation is characteristically associated with Jamaican rum. ΘΚΠ the world > food and drink > drink > intoxicating liquor > [noun] > dregs or lees in vessel or cask drastc1000 drosenc1000 drega1300 lagsa1525 bottom1563 snuff1592 tilta1603 tilting1611 heeltap1753 dunder1774 tops and bottoms1905 the world > food and drink > food > additive > sweetener > syrup > [noun] > in sugar manufacture > juice of sugar cane > dregs or refuse of trash1707 dunder1774 cane trash1790 sugar-wash1812 bagasse1833 megass1833 dabs1858 pummy1877 1774 E. Long Hist. Jamaica II. vi. 564 A proportion of volatile oil is likewise produced..in form of what is generally called dunder. 1788 P. Marsden Acct. Island Jamaica 27 The skimmings of the cane juice and the refuse of the two first coppers, called dunder, are carried by lead gutters to the still-house. 1795 J. Dalrymple Let. to Admiralty 5 The miserable ferment called Dunder, which is the only one used in the West Indies. 1823 T. Roughley Jamaica Planter's Guide iv. 210 The dunder should remain for some hours to cool and clarify. 1876 Jrnl. Soc. Arts 22 Dec. 96/1 When they are fermented and distilled these salts remain in the dunder. 1949 Year Bk. Caribbean Res. 1948 i. 5 To determine whether dunder as produced in Jamaica, can yield any products of economic value, or whether it is capable of use in any form as a soil improver or fertilizer. 2016 South China Morning Post (Hong Kong) (Nexis) 13 Apr. 8 The best are from Jamaica, where dunder..is used, very much like a sourdough starter is used for bread. Compounds attributive, designating a vessel or pit in which dunder is left to ferment naturally before being used in subsequent fermentations, as (originally) dunder cistern, (now) dunder pit. ΚΠ 1790 W. Beckford Descriptive Acct. Jamaica II. 32 A large butt for the deposit of the low wines is likewise a necessary appendage of this part of the building, as are a dunder-cistern and a tank for the reception of the worms, in, or at the back of, the still-house. 1872 P. Soames Treat. Manuf. Sugar 100 The spent wash, or ‘dunder’, is run out into the dunder cistern. 1895 Daily Gleaner (Kingston, Jamaica) 22 Jan. 7/5 The funny part is that the rum manufactured in the clean and renovated Dunder pit was universally pronounced to be vastly inferior. 1971 H. Johnson World Atlas of Wine vii. 250/2 The residue is stored in ‘dunder pits’ where it ferments slowly and continuously. 2014 A. Rogers Proof iii. 73 As far as I can tell, no one has tried to sort through the microbiome of a dunder pit. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). dundern.² Brit. /ˈdʌndə/, U.S. /ˈdəndər/, Scottish English /ˈdʌndər/, /ˈdʌnər/, Irish English /ˈdʌndər/ Forms: see dunder v. Origin: Formed within English, by conversion. Etymon: dunder v. Etymology: < dunder v.Compare Norwegian dunder , Swedish dunder (1541), both in sense ‘thunder, rumble, boom’ ( < Middle Low German donner , donder , dunner : see thunder n.). Scottish and Irish English (northern). 1. A loud, reverberating noise; a loud rumble. ΘΚΠ the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > loudness > [noun] > loud sound or noise chirma800 dina1000 utas1202 noise?c1225 nurthc1225 dinninga1400 glama1400 glavera1400 reer?a1400 reirdc1400 dunch1440 steveningc1440 rebound1457 bruit?1473 alarm1489 yell1509 gild?a1513 shout?a1513 reveriea1522 routa1522 thundering1560 rumouringc1563 dinrie?1566 rear1567 fray1568 thunder-crack1595 thunder1600 fanfarea1605 fragor1605 clamour1606 thunder-clap1610 obstrepency1623 tonitruation1658 randana1661 clarion1667 leden1674 bluster1724 salvoa1734 ding1750 row1753 tonance1778 dunder1780 chang1788 blare1807 flare1815 detonation1830 trump1848 trumpeting1850 foghorn1875 yammer1932 1780 J. Mayne Silver Gun ii, in Edinb. Mag. 5 July 373/2 Be this time now, wi' mony a dunner, Auld guns gae'd brattlin' aff like thunner. 1850 J. Struthers Poet. Wks. I. Autobiog. 129 The dunner of the engine..has ceased. 1929 Banffshire Jrnl. 29 Jan. 2/3 A chance we'd like to vent oor wae An' mak' a dinnir. 1983 W. L. Lorimer & R. L. C. Lorimer New Test. in Scots (2010) Rev. xix. 443 The dunner o dinnlin thunder. 2002 Belfast News Let. (Nexis) 19 Nov. 17 I could hear the dunder through the walls. 2. A resounding, heavy blow. ΘΚΠ the world > movement > impact > striking > striking with specific degree of force > [noun] > striking heavily > a heavy blow > and resounding bouncea1529 bang?c1550 dunder1789 plunk1809 crack1836 1789 D. Davidson Thoughts Seasons 18 His Maggy on his mind, Did sometimes gie a dunner. 1897 S. R. Crockett Lads' Love xxii. 243 I wad hae gi'en him a dunner on the side o' the heid. 1977 J. Morrow Confessions Proinsias O'Toole 78 Would y'ever wait till he gits this length an' hit him a good dunder up the balls, Francie? This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online March 2022). dunderv. Brit. /ˈdʌndə/, U.S. /ˈdəndər/, Scottish English /ˈdʌndər/, /ˈdʌnər/, Irish English /ˈdʌndər/ Forms: Scottish 1700s– dunder, 1700s– dunner, 1900s dinnir (Aberdeenshire), 1900s– dinner (Aberdeenshire); Irish English (northern) 1800s– dundher, 1800s– dundther, 1800s– dunner, 1900s– dhunder, 1900s– dhunner, 1900s– dunder; English regional (Northumberland) 1800s dunner. Origin: Probably a borrowing from Scandinavian. Etymology: Probably < a form in a Scandinavian language (compare Norwegian dundre , Old Swedish dunra , dundra (Swedish dundra ), Danish dundre , all in sense ‘to thunder, rumble, roar, boom’) < Middle Low German donnern , donren , dondern (see thunder v.). Chiefly Scottish and Irish English (northern). 1. a. intransitive. To make a loud, deep resounding noise; to reverberate, rumble. ΚΠ 1724 [implied in: Battle of Harlaw in A. Ramsay Ever Green 85 The dandring Drums alloud did touk. (at dundering adj.¹)]. 1802 J. Sibbald Chron. Sc. Poetry IV. Gloss. Dunner, dunder, to make a noise like thunder. 1820 Edinb. Mag. & Literary Misc. June 533/2 It gard the divots stour off the house riggins and every caber dunner. 1919 G. Rae 'Tween Clyde & Tweed 106 The tacket drivin' dunners nevermair. 1953 M. Traynor Eng. Dial. Donegal 91/2 Dunder, to rumble, as thunder; to give out a loud thundering noise. 2005 C. De Luca Smootie comes ta Lerrick 4 Da cars cam on, an a truck. Da starn wis hauled up. Da engines dundered. Dey wir aff. b. intransitive. To knock, bang, or fall on something with a loud, resounding noise, esp. to knock loudly and repeatedly on a door. Followed by a prepositional phrase, esp. with on or at. ΚΠ 1827 W. Tennant Papistry Storm'd 180 As down he dunner'd on the ground. 1904 Dennison's Orcadian Sketches (new ed.) 2 The men rooted, and bogled, an' dundered on de roothes o' the boats wi' their ayres. 1913 A. F. Irvine My Lady of Chimney-corner vi. 121 I dundthered at his doore till he opened it. a1967 C. M. Costie Coll. Orkney Dial. Tales (1976) 127 I dundered on the closet door whar aald Merran sleepid. 2005 P. Dante Dooble Veesion in New Shetlander No. 233. 10/2 Reeseled frae his bed wi roars An rongs dat dundered on da door Da panic stricken Doctor raise An fled doonstairs. †2. intransitive. Scottish (southern). To move quickly and noisily. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1793 T. Scott Poems 365 The thrawn-fac't politicians, now as thick I' mony spats as paddocks in a pool, Wad aften in a jiffie to auld Nick Sen' ane anither dunnerin' saul an' hool. 1847 J. Halliday Rustic Bard 189 She tuk alang the road hersel', As fast as she could dunner. 1923 G. Watson Roxburghshire Word-bk. 119 Dunner, to move in a noisy manner. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2018; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < n.¹1774n.²1780v.1724
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dundern.1

Compounds

dundern.2

dunderv.

dundern.¹

dundern.²