durableadj.

/ˈdjʊərəb(ə)l/

Etymology: < French durable (11th cent. in Littré) = Italian durabile, Spanish durable, < rare Latin dūrābilis lasting, durable, < dūrāre to last, endure, hold out, < dūrus hard, unyielding.

1. Capable of lasting or continuing in existence; persistent, lasting; not transitory, permanent.

ΘΚΠ

the world > time > change > absence of change, changelessness > lasting quality, permanence > [adjective]

stablea1300

durablec1386

during1398

durant1455

permanent?a1475

standingc1480

perseverablea1500

indelible1532

of long standinga1568

permansible1568

long-established1589

dureful1595

subsistent1603

subsisting1613

staple1621

constant1645

long-standing1655

throughout1701

untemporary1784

pukka1801

rock-ribbed1903

hardwired1971

c1386 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale ⁋965 To han thynges espiritueel and durable and somtyme temporele thynges.

c1450 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi iii. xxxv. 103 Wiþoute me is noon availyng..ner durable remedie.

1582 N. Lichefield tr. F. L. de Castanheda 1st Bk. Hist. Discouerie E. Indias xxvi. 65 b They thought this kinde of weather was alwayes durable there.

1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost v. 581 Time..measures all things durable By present, past, and future.

1761 D. Hume Hist. Eng. to Henry VII I. 331 The compunction of Richard, for his undutiful behaviour towards his father, was very durable.

1836 A. Alison Hist. Europe from French Revol. V. xli. 597 Comparing his durable designs with the temporary expedients of the statesmen who..followed him.

a. Able to withstand change, decay, or wear.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > constitution of matter > strength > [adjective] > durable

lastinga1375

durable1398

perdurable?a1425

during1601

hard-wearing1850

heavy-duty1914

service weight1919

1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum xvii. lxxxiii. (Tollem. MS.) The tre þerof [of Ilex] is durable and stronge, and nyȝe nouȝt able to rote.

1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur xvii. vi The best wood and moost durable that men maye fynde.

1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde i. ix. f. 42 To dye clothe with a more fayre and durable colour.

1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 134 Sun-burnt bricks, hard and durable.

1700 Moxon's Mech. Exercises: Bricklayers-wks. 2 They make a good Pavement, and are very Durable.

1874 J. T. Micklethwaite Mod. Parish Churches 225 Inscriptions are more durable incised than in relief.

b. spec. Designating a class of goods the usefulness of which continues over a period of time, as distinguished from goods produced for immediate consumption. Hence as n. plural (rarely singular), goods of this kind (cf. consumer durables n. at consumer n. Compounds 1).

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > merchandise > [noun]

warec1000

cheapingc1200

chaffer1297

gooda1300

merchandisec1300

harnessc1386

pennyworths1403

haberdashery1419

merchandya1425

mercimonyc1460

merchantyc1485

merchandrise?1495

haberdasha1529

traffic1533

chaffery1535

trade1645

Manchester goods1705

stuff1708

sundries1740

business model1832

Manchester1920

tradables1921

durable1930

1930 Economist 31 May 1206/2 It includes an estimate of the value of services rendered to their owners by durable, direct or consumers' goods.

1948 G. Crowther Outl. Money (rev. ed.) v. 142 Some of them are for immediate consumption, the rest are goods whose value will last beyond the immediate present. These two categories can be called current goods and durable goods.

1951 N.Y. Times 14 Oct. F. 1 (headline) Production eases on some durables.

1957 Economist 7 Sept. 777/2 One can trace the rapid growth of engineering exports in the immediate postwar years, while investment and consumption of metal ‘durables’ grew more slowly.

1958 Spectator 12 Sept. 353/3 The spending on ‘durables’—cars, refrigerators, television and radio sets and household furniture—increased by 64 per cent.

1959 Listener 15 Jan. 92/1 Bicycles, sewing machines, radio sets, three-piece suites, and all the various sorts of durable consumption goods that help to make life tolerable for Africans like the rest of us.

†3. Able to endure toil, fatigue, etc. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > will > decision > constancy or steadfastness > [adjective] > capable of moral effort or endurance

strongeOE

dreicha1200

stable13..

wilfulc1330

toughc1400

durable1541

strong-minded1544

unbending1796

cast iron1829

backboned1940

1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance ii. f. 3 Stronge and durable to susteyne peynes.

1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 63 Thair horses ar verie litle..bot in labour meruellous durable.

1616 G. Markham tr. C. Estienne et al. Maison Rustique (rev. ed.) vii. xliv. 708 French Goshawkes..are..neither so valiant, sound or durable, as those which are bred in Ireland.

†4. Capable of being endured, endurable. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > calmness > patience > [adjective] > forbearing or tolerant > endurable or tolerable

portablec1450

supportablec1450

tolerablea1500

durable1509

comportable1599

tractable1605

bearable1656

endurable1800

brookable1824

liveable1841

1509 A. Barclay Brant's Shyp of Folys (Pynson) f. lxxx A small diseas which is ynoughe durable At the begynnynge.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

单词	durable
释义	durableadj. /ˈdjʊərəb(ə)l/ Etymology: < French durable (11th cent. in Littré) = Italian durabile, Spanish durable, < rare Latin dūrābilis lasting, durable, < dūrāre to last, endure, hold out, < dūrus hard, unyielding. 1. Capable of lasting or continuing in existence; persistent, lasting; not transitory, permanent. ΘΚΠ the world > time > change > absence of change, changelessness > lasting quality, permanence > [adjective] stablea1300 durablec1386 during1398 durant1455 permanent?a1475 standingc1480 perseverablea1500 indelible1532 of long standinga1568 permansible1568 long-established1589 dureful1595 subsistent1603 subsisting1613 staple1621 constant1645 long-standing1655 throughout1701 untemporary1784 pukka1801 rock-ribbed1903 hardwired1971 c1386 G. Chaucer Parson's Tale ⁋965 To han thynges espiritueel and durable and somtyme temporele thynges. c1450 tr. Thomas à Kempis De Imitatione Christi iii. xxxv. 103 Wiþoute me is noon availyng..ner durable remedie. 1582 N. Lichefield tr. F. L. de Castanheda 1st Bk. Hist. Discouerie E. Indias xxvi. 65 b They thought this kinde of weather was alwayes durable there. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost v. 581 Time..measures all things durable By present, past, and future. View more context for this quotation 1761 D. Hume Hist. Eng. to Henry VII I. 331 The compunction of Richard, for his undutiful behaviour towards his father, was very durable. 1836 A. Alison Hist. Europe from French Revol. V. xli. 597 Comparing his durable designs with the temporary expedients of the statesmen who..followed him. 2. a. Able to withstand change, decay, or wear. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > constitution of matter > strength > [adjective] > durable lastinga1375 durable1398 perdurable?a1425 during1601 hard-wearing1850 heavy-duty1914 service weight1919 1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum xvii. lxxxiii. (Tollem. MS.) The tre þerof [of Ilex] is durable and stronge, and nyȝe nouȝt able to rote. 1470–85 T. Malory Morte d'Arthur xvii. vi The best wood and moost durable that men maye fynde. 1555 R. Eden tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde i. ix. f. 42 To dye clothe with a more fayre and durable colour. 1638 T. Herbert Some Yeares Trav. (rev. ed.) 134 Sun-burnt bricks, hard and durable. 1700 Moxon's Mech. Exercises: Bricklayers-wks. 2 They make a good Pavement, and are very Durable. 1874 J. T. Micklethwaite Mod. Parish Churches 225 Inscriptions are more durable incised than in relief. b. spec. Designating a class of goods the usefulness of which continues over a period of time, as distinguished from goods produced for immediate consumption. Hence as n. plural (rarely singular), goods of this kind (cf. consumer durables n. at consumer n. Compounds 1). ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > merchandise > [noun] warec1000 warec1000 cheapingc1200 chaffer1297 gooda1300 merchandisec1300 harnessc1386 pennyworths1403 haberdashery1419 merchandya1425 mercimonyc1460 merchantyc1485 merchandrise?1495 haberdasha1529 traffic1533 chaffery1535 trade1645 Manchester goods1705 stuff1708 sundries1740 business model1832 Manchester1920 tradables1921 durable1930 1930 Economist 31 May 1206/2 It includes an estimate of the value of services rendered to their owners by durable, direct or consumers' goods. 1948 G. Crowther Outl. Money (rev. ed.) v. 142 Some of them are for immediate consumption, the rest are goods whose value will last beyond the immediate present. These two categories can be called current goods and durable goods. 1951 N.Y. Times 14 Oct. F. 1 (headline) Production eases on some durables. 1957 Economist 7 Sept. 777/2 One can trace the rapid growth of engineering exports in the immediate postwar years, while investment and consumption of metal ‘durables’ grew more slowly. 1958 Spectator 12 Sept. 353/3 The spending on ‘durables’—cars, refrigerators, television and radio sets and household furniture—increased by 64 per cent. 1959 Listener 15 Jan. 92/1 Bicycles, sewing machines, radio sets, three-piece suites, and all the various sorts of durable consumption goods that help to make life tolerable for Africans like the rest of us. †3. Able to endure toil, fatigue, etc. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > decision > constancy or steadfastness > [adjective] > capable of moral effort or endurance strongeOE dreicha1200 stable13.. wilfulc1330 toughc1400 durable1541 strong-minded1544 unbending1796 cast iron1829 backboned1940 1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance ii. f. 3 Stronge and durable to susteyne peynes. 1596 J. Dalrymple tr. J. Leslie Hist. Scotl. (1888) I. 63 Thair horses ar verie litle..bot in labour meruellous durable. 1616 G. Markham tr. C. Estienne et al. Maison Rustique (rev. ed.) vii. xliv. 708 French Goshawkes..are..neither so valiant, sound or durable, as those which are bred in Ireland. †4. Capable of being endured, endurable. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > calmness > patience > [adjective] > forbearing or tolerant > endurable or tolerable portablec1450 supportablec1450 tolerablea1500 durable1509 comportable1599 tractable1605 bearable1656 endurable1800 brookable1824 liveable1841 1509 A. Barclay Brant's Shyp of Folys (Pynson) f. lxxx A small diseas which is ynoughe durable At the begynnynge. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1897; most recently modified version published online June 2022). < adj.c1386
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