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单词 egyptian
释义

Egyptianadj.n.

/ɪˈdʒɪpʃən/
Forms: Middle English egipcian, egypcian, egypcien, egypcyan, 1500s egiptian, egypcy-, ( sy-)an, 1600s æg-, 1600s– egyptian.
Etymology: < Egypt + -ian suffix.
A. adj.
1.
a. Belonging or relating to Egypt.
ΘΚΠ
the world > the earth > named regions of earth > Africa > [adjective] > North Africa > Egypt
Memphiticc1450
Memphitec1475
Egyptiacal?1567
Memphitical1581
Memphian1605
Egyptiac1635
Egyptian1646
1646 R. Crashaw Steps to Temple 129 Th' Egyptian Pyramids themselves must live.
1715 tr. D. Gregory Elements Astron. I. ii. §11. 245 The Egyptian, Julian, and Gregorian [year].
1885 G. Rawlinson Egypt & Babylon 223 No trace has been found of camels in the Egyptian monuments.
1891 N.E.D. at Egyptian Mod. The recent Egyptian campaign. He speculated in Egyptian bonds.
b. figurative. In Biblical allusions, as Egyptian bondage: bondage like that of the Israelites in Egypt; Egyptian darkness: intense darkness (see Exodus x. 22); also, †Egyptian days: the two days in each month which were believed to be unlucky.
ΘΚΠ
the world > time > period > a day or twenty-four hours > [noun] > unlucky day(s)
Egyptian days1398
the world > action or operation > adversity > [noun] > time of > day or days
dismalc1300
Egyptian days1398
cross-days1555
dog day1555
1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) ix. xxi. 358 For there ben xxiiij Egypcyans dayes it folowyth that god sente mo wreches vpon the Egypcyens than ten.
c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 93 A waytiþ not þeis Egipcian daies, (þat we call dysmal).
1641 R. Greville Disc. Nature Episcopacie ii. iv. 76 A Glympse that might Enlighten them in the midst of Egyptian darknesse.
1659 J. Milton Let. Rupture Commonw. in Wks. (1698) II. 779 A part of the Nation were desperately conspir'd to call back again thir Egytian Bondage.
1855 J. S. C. Abbott Hist. Napoleon II. viii. 133 It was a night of Egyptian darkness.
2. Mineralogy Egyptian jasper n., Egyptian pebble n. Obsolete a brown mottled jasper from Egypt.
ΚΠ
1771 J. Hill Fossils 226 Egyptian Pebble.
1804 R. Jameson Mineral. I. 230 Egyptian Jasper.
1884 J. D. Dana Mineral. 195 Egyptian Jasper.
3. = Gypsy n. humorous.
ΚΠ
1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones IV. xii. xiii. 295 Mr. Jones..took Leave of his Egyptian Majesty. View more context for this quotation
4. Printing. Egyptian type (letters, figures): a particular kind of type distinguished by the thickness of the stems; also as quasi-n.
ΘΚΠ
society > communication > printing > types, blocks, or plates > relating to type > style of type > [noun] > type face or font > others
script1779
Baskerville1802
Egyptian type (letters, figures)1855
hand lettering1864
Garamond1868
runic1869
outline1878
Bodoni type1880
hairline letter1888
bold-face1889
Cheltenham1910
in-line1923
slab serif1924
Bembo1930
Times New Roman1932
Times1957
manifolderc1961
Times Roman1963
1855 J. Gordon Interest Tables Pref. 7 The introduction of Egyptian figures at the tens..will..give increased facility to the eye in running over the columns.
1859 H. Beadnell Guide Typogr. ii. 35 Types are..distinguished according to the information..of the letter..[as]..Roman, Italic..Egyptian.
Categories »
5. Zoology Egyptian cobra n. see cobra n.
B. n.
1. A native of Egypt. Often figurative with allusion to the aspect in which the Egyptians appear in the Bible. to spoil the Egyptians: cf. Exodus xii. 36.
ΚΠ
1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomew de Glanville De Proprietatibus Rerum (1495) ix. iii. 347 Amonge the Egypcyens the yere was tokenyd by a dragon paynted bytynge his owne taylle.
a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Isa. xix. 21 Egipcions schulen knowe the Lord.
c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 73 Decretistis, as to þat part of wysdam þat þei haue of þe worldis wisdam, are Egipciens.
a1658 J. Cleveland Rustick Rampant in Wks. (1687) 422 All without the Fold of the Godly were Ægyptians.
1828 Blackwood's Edinb. Mag. 24 323 The..abhorrence of the Ægyptians for these barbarous Iconoclasts.
1891 N.E.D. at Egyptian Mod. The manners of the ancient Egyptians.
2. = Gypsy n. and adj.
ΘΚΠ
the world > people > ethnicities > race > nomads > [noun] > Gipsies or Romanies > person
gyptian1533
Egyptian1538
Bohemian1574
Gypsy1574
tinker1575
Zingani1581
Zingaro1600
moonman1608
faw1756
vagabond1756
Zingara1756
gitano1761
gitanac1770
nomade1798
Roman1800
Romani1800
Tzigane1802
Zigeuner1802
Sinti1827
piker1838
pikey1838
Rom1841
Zincalo1841
Romanichal1843
nomadian1847
Romany chai1851
didicoi1853
Bedouin1863
gyppo1868
gyp1886
1538 A. Fitzherbert Newe Bk. Justyces Peas 98 b It is ordayned agaynste people callynge themselves Egypcyans, that no such persons be suffred to come within this realme.
1609 J. Skene tr. Regiam Majestatem 179 For the better triall of..maisterfull beggers, fenȝeit foolis, counterfit Egyptians.
1697 View Penal Laws 310 If any Transports into England or Wales, any lewd People, calling themselves Egyptians, they forfeit 40l.
1749 H. Fielding Tom Jones IV. xii. xii. 283 A Company of Egyptians, or as they are vulgarly called Gypsies. View more context for this quotation
3. plural. In late 19th-century use = Egyptian stocks: securities issued by the Egyptian government.
4. The Hamitic language of Egypt.
ΘΚΠ
the mind > language > languages of the world > Afro-Asiatic > [noun] > Egyptian
Egyptian1556
1556 A. Vele in R. Robinson tr. T. More Utopia (ed. 2) Printer to Rdr. sig. Sviii It is a tongue to vs muche straunger then the Indian, the Persian,..the Arabicke, the Egyptian, the Macedonian.
1646 J. Gregory Notes & Observ. To Rdr. sig. ¶2 This Booke of ours..may be read in..Copticke or Ægyptian.
1842 Visitor or Monthly Instructor 409/1 It ain't Greek at all: except, perhaps a few words. What ain't Greek is Egyptian; and what ain't Egyptian is Greek.
1857 S. Birch in J. G. Wilkinson Egyptians 182 Enlightened rulers prided themselves in speaking foreign tongues... Cleopatra spoke seven, Egyptian among the number.
1875 W. D. Whitney Life & Growth Lang. 254 In this [sc. ‘Hamitic’] family, the Egyptian occupies the same commanding position as the Chinese.
1877 Encycl. Brit. VII. 721/2 The inscribed and written character of Egyptian was the hieroglyphic.
1960 S. Potter Lang. in Mod. World viii. 112 It is customary to divide the history of Egyptian into three periods; Old or hieroglyphic, Middle or hieratic, and New or demotic.
5.
a. A mother-of-pearl shell from Egypt.
ΚΠ
1885 Encycl. Brit. XVIII. 447/2 The Arabs still obtain from this district [sc. Jiddah and Koseir] a quantity of mother-of-pearl shells, which are shipped from Alexandria, and come into the market as ‘Egyptians’.
b. An Egyptian cigarette.
ΘΚΠ
the world > physical sensation > use of drugs and poison > tobacco > smoking > articles or materials used in smoking > [noun] > thing which may be smoked > cigarette > other types of cigarette
Russian cigarette1851
papirosa1856
Egyptian1892
Russian1892
tickler1904
joystick1911
gyppy1920
king-size1920
Sobranie1923
virgin1923
Turk1926
roll-your-own1932
ready roll1949
roll-up1950
filter1956
filterless1956
rollie1964
Virginia1964
untipped1968
primo1986
1892 Whitehall Rev. 22 Oct. 8/1 She could tell Russians from Egyptians, and sometimes took a mild Havannah with her B and S in the smoking-room.
1905 Westm. Gaz. 28 Oct. 10/2 A box of Egyptians.
1965 P. Robinson Pakistani Agent viii. 107 I only smoke Egyptians, thank you.

Compounds

C1. Botany.
Categories »
Egyptian bean n. perhaps the fruit of Nelumbium speciosum.
Egyptian lily n. the white arum, or trumpet lily, Zantedeschia æthiopica; = calla n. (b).
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular cultivated or ornamental plants > particular flower or plant esteemed for flower > [noun] > arum lily
calla1601
Richardia1831
Egyptian lily1847
pig lily1848
arum lily1856
trumpet-lily1857
1847 A. H. Lincoln Familiar Lect. Bot. (new ed.) xxxvi. 191 The elegant exotic, Calla ethiopica, or Egyptian lily.
1959 R. M. Carleton Index Common Names Herbaceous Plants 41/2 Egyptian-lily, Agapanthus africanus (A. umbellatus); Zantedeschia (Richardia).
Categories »
Egyptian lotus n. = Nymphæa Lotus.
Egyptian millet n. Pennisetum spicatum.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > cereal, corn, or grain > [noun] > millet > other types of millet
panic?1440
panicle1577
Turkey mill1597
panicum1739
ragi1788
tocusso1790
Egyptian millet1829
eleusine1836
shamalo1846
marua1847
moha1855
shama1874
jungle-rice1886
fonio1903
1829 Virginia Herald (Fredericksburg, Va.) 25 Apr. 2/4 The leaves are of a beautiful green—long, narrow, dagger shaped, not unlike those of the Egyptian millet.
1864 Chambers's Encycl. VI. 461/2 Penicillaria spicata, or Pennisetum typhoideum, is very extensively cultivated in Africa... It often receives the names Egyptian Millet and Guinea Corn.
1883 Encycl. Brit. XVI. 321/1 Bajree, sometimes also called Egyptian Millet, a Guinea corn.
1907 L. H. Bailey Cycl. Amer. Agric. II. 471/1 Various other names have been applied to this plant, such as penicillaria, cat-tail millet, Egyptian millet.
Egyptian onion n. a form of the common onion, Allium cepa aggregatum.
ΘΚΠ
the world > food and drink > food > fruit and vegetables > vegetables > onion, leek, or garlic > [noun] > onion > types of onion
hollekec1000
scallion1393
sybow1574
Portugal onion1647
shallot1664
Spanish onion1706
eschalot1707
Welsh onion1731
Reading onion1784
onionet1820
potato onion1822
tripoli1822
ramps1828
escalion1847
stone-leek1861
Egyptian onion1880
cocktail onion1927
Maui onion1967
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > particular vegetables > [noun] > onion, leek, or garlic > onion > other types of onion
hollekec1000
chibol1362
scallion1393
oniona1398
chesbollc1410
oinet?1440
red onionc1450
sybow1574
green onion1577
Strasbourg onion1629
cibol1632
Portugal onion1647
Spanish onion1706
Welsh onion1731
spring onion1758
Reading1784
rareripe1788
yellow onion1816
onionet1820
potato onion1822
tripoli1822
escalion1847
stone-leek1861
Egyptian onion1880
ramp1885
multiplier1907
ramps1939
Vidalia1969
tree onion-
1880 Encycl. Brit. XII. 285/1 The Tree Onion or Egyptian Onion..produces small bulbs instead of flowers.
1959 R. M. Carleton Index Common Names Herbaceous Plants 41/2 Egyptian onion, Allium cepa.
Egyptian pea n. the chickpea n., Cicer arietinum.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > particular food plant or plant product > pulses or plants producing pulses > [noun] > chick-pea or lentil > chick-pea or lentil plant
Egyptian pea1866
1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. I. 282 C[icer] arietinum is the Chick~pea, or Egyptian Pea of the English.
Egyptian privet n. the henna n. of the East, bearing panicles of small white sweet-scented flowers.
ΘΚΠ
the world > plants > particular plants > cultivated or valued plants > plants used in dyeing > trees or shrubs yielding dyes > [noun] > henna plants
cyprea1382
alcanna1526
henna1662
mehndi1813
Egyptian privet1825
the world > matter > colour > named colours > orange > colouring matter > [noun] > dyes
alcanna1526
henna1600
Egyptian privet1825
aurantia1877
tropaeolin1878
tartrazine1894
1825 J. C. Loudon Encycl. Agric. §1057 The henné or Egyptian privet.
1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. II. 928/2 Privet, Barren, Rhamnus Alaternus. ——, Egyptian, Lawsonia alba.
1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. II. 665/2 Henna is the Persian name..in England it is often called Egyptian Privet.
1877 Encycl. Brit. VII. 710/2 Lawsonia alba, or Egyptian privet, which is said to be a flower of Paradise.
1880 Encycl. Brit. XI. 654/1 [Henna] is called Egyptian privet.
1956 Colour Index (ed. 2) I. 1751 The powdered dried leaves of the Egyptian privet.
Categories »
Egyptian rose n. (a) Scabiosa arvensis L.; (b) Scabiosa atropurpurea L.
Categories »
Egyptian thorn n. Cratægus Pyracantha
C2.
Egyptian binding n. (see quot. 1728).
ΚΠ
1728 E. Chambers Cycl. at Bookbinding The Manner of binding Books in Volumes, i. e. of sewing the Leaves together, to roll 'em on round Pieces or Cylinders of Wood, appears the most Antient.., which we may call Egyptian binding.
Egyptian cotton n. a cotton of fine quality developed in Egypt.
ΚΠ
1877 Encycl. Brit. VI. 485/1 The new description of Egyptian cotton has since been known by the name ‘Jumel’ in France.
1957 Economist 28 Sept. 1012/2 France did a backdoor deal for Egyptian cotton.
Egyptian oven n. Obsolete a large earthenware vessel sunk in the ground, and heated from the inside by fuel which is withdrawn before introducing the articles to be baked.
Egyptian pound n. (see pound n.1 2d).
Egyptian wheel n. (see quots.).
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > equipment > lifting or hoisting equipment > [noun] > for raising water > wheel for raising water
waterwheel1591
Persian wheel1649
sakia1687
noria1696
Egyptian wheel1793
bucket-wheel1797
tabut1836
pot-wheel1852
tympan1858
irrigation-wheel1864
spider-wheel1868
tympanum1875
1793 Descr. Estate of Culross 9 Sir George Bruce erected machinery, consisting of the Egyptian wheel, commonly called chain and bucket, to drain the Coal to the dip of the old workings.
1867 M. E. Herbert Cradle Lands vii. 196 A well of water worked by a thoroughly Egyptian wheel.
1880 Encycl. Brit. XII. 435/1 The Egyptian Wheel or Noria.
Egyptian wind n. (see quot.)
ΚΠ
1902 Encycl. Brit. XXXII. 187/2 In the Gulf of Suez the westerly, or ‘Egyptian’, wind occurs frequently during winter.

Derivatives

Eˈgyptianize v. (a) intransitive, to act like an Egyptian; to adopt Egyptian practices; (b) transitive, to make like an Egyptian or the Egyptians; (c) to develop a country or district according to the methods adopted in Egypt; in later use, see quot. 1958.
ΚΠ
1664 H. More Modest Enq. Myst. Iniquity vi. 17 It was..wickedness..to Ægyptianize in the adoration of the God of Israel.
1899 Westm. Gaz. 4 Aug. 9/1 Were we prepared to..begin the work of Egyptianising the Yangtse Valley?
1958 Britannica Bk. of Year 1957 519/1 Egyptianize, meaning to nationalize foreign holdings in the manner of the Egyptian government in 1956.
1959 Daily Tel. 3 Mar. 16/3 The U.A.R. government is paying to the British Government a lump sum of £27,500,000 in compensation for British private property Egyptianised, that is nationalised or compulsorily acquired.
Eˈgyptianized adj.
ΚΠ
1851 H. W. Torrens in Jrnl. Asiatic Soc. Bengal 1850 19 9 The existence of an Egyptianised race.
1959 Times 24 Mar. 15/4 The 4,500 registered owners of sequestrated or Egyptianized property will wish to go to Egypt to recover their property or assess their loss.
1962 Listener 1 Mar. 366/2 The new ‘Egyptianized’ middle class which the regime has put into power.
Eˈgyptianism n. Egyptian characteristics, inclination to Egyptian customs.
ΚΠ
1827 G. S. Faber Origin Expiat. Sacrifice 268 God's condescension to the Egyptianism of the Israelites.
1847 G. Grote Hist. Greece III. ii. xx. 442 This dynasty [Psammetichus's] had too little of pure Egyptianism in them to find favour with the priests.

Draft additions 1993

Egyptian black n. Ceramics ‘basaltes’ or black ware (see black adj. 8.
ΘΚΠ
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > clay compositions > baked clay > pottery or ceramics > [noun] > pottery of specific colour
white ware1577
yellow ware1764
pearl white1779
cream-ware1780
Egyptian black1784
greyware1793
agateware1817
pearl pottery1825
brown ware1836
pearlware1842
black pot1851
cane colour1866
tortoiseshell ware1879
society > occupation and work > materials > derived or manufactured material > clay compositions > baked clay > pottery or ceramics > [noun] > porcelain > English porcelain > by Wedgwood
Egyptian black1784
bamboo1787
jasper1825
jasper-pottery1825
basalt1832
jasper-ware1863
mortar ware1865
1784 W. Bailey Bailey's Brit. Directory II. 390 Keeling, Anthony, Manufacturer of Queen's Ware in general, blue painted and enamelled Egyptian Black, Tunstal, near Burslem.
1825 ‘J. Nicholson’ Operative Mechanic 469 In different parts of the oven..rings of Egyptian black clay are placed, as trials, by which an experienced fireman can tell how much longer the process must be carried on.
1965 Finer & Savage Sel. Lett. J. Wedgwood 76 A solid black body was introduced in Staffordshire in the early years of the eighteenth century, and came to be known as ‘Egyptian black’.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022).
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