emulationn.

/ɛmjuːˈleɪʃən/

Forms: Also 1600s æm-.

Etymology: < Latin aemulātiōn-em, noun of action < aemulāri.

1. The endeavour to equal or surpass others in any achievement or quality; also, the desire or ambition to equal or excel.In early use the word is perhaps more frequently applied to the mental emotion; in modern use the notion of active effort is always in some degree present.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > dissent > competition or rivalry > [noun]

rivality1528

strife1530

envy1541

emulation1552

contention1576

pinglinga1578

countermatch1581

paragon1590

competency1594

corrivality1598

rivalry1598

concurrence1603

contestation1603

competitiona1608

rivalling1607

concurrency1609

strift1612

corrivalry1614

rivalty1631

contest1648

corrivalty1649

coping1678

co-rivalry1835

rivalism1850

1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Emulation, zelus.

1555 R. Eden in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde Pref. sig. diij To prouoke and encorage other forwarde natures to themulation of their vertues.

1612 J. Brinsley Ludus Lit. v. 48 Prouoking emulation of the Schollars.

1622 B. Jonson in J. Mabbe tr. M. Alemán Rogue sig. A4^v This Faire Æmulation, and no Enuy is.

1674 R. Boyle Excellency Theol. ii. v. 197 Imitation, or Emulation oftentimes makes many others addict themselves to it [a branch of study].

a1797 E. Burke Speech Shortening Parl. in Wks. (1812) X. 85 The spirit of emulation has also been extremely increased.

1828 I. D'Israeli Comm. Life Charles I II. xi. 274 Their emulation..terminated in personal antipathy.

1882 B. A. Hinsdale Garfield & Educ. i. 36 He was always generous in his emulations.

†2. Ambitious rivalry for power or honours; contention or ill-will between rivals. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > society and the community > dissent > competition or rivalry > [noun] > with ill will

envying1587

emulation1588

emulosity1716

niggle1964

1588 in Harl. Misc. (1809) II. 97 The dissension and emulation that I have seen..between private captains for vain~glory.

1591 H. Wotton Let. 15 Jan. in Reliquiæ Wottonianæ (1685) 608 A great emulation fallen between the Queens Agent, and the Polish Orator there.

1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III ii. iii. 25 Emulation now, who shall be neerest: Will touch vs all too neare.

1612 T. Taylor Αρχὴν Ἁπάντων: Comm. Epist. Paul to Titus (i. 6) 105 What heart-greife was it to Iacob to see such daily emulation betweene Leah and Rahel?

1646 G. Buck Hist. Life Richard III i. 13 Iulius Cæsar, was..a great Captaine, although his Emulation cost an infinite quantitie of..humane blood.

†3. Grudge against the superiority of others; dislike, or tendency to disparagement, of those who are superior. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > jealousy or envy > [noun] > envy

evestOE

envyc1280

envioustya1382

viea1400

grudgingc1420

invyc1440

emulation1561

enviousness1561

envying1587

grudgement1845

begrudgery1874

1561 R. Eden in tr. M. Cortés Arte Nauigation Pref. sig. ¶¶.i.^v This enuy of emulation proceadeth of some singuler vertue of them that are so maliced.

1605 M. Drayton Poems sig. Hh6^v For emulation euer did attend, Vpon the great.

1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning i. sig. I3^v Constantine the Great, in Emulation was woont to call him Parietaria, Wall flower.

1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida i. iii. 134 Pale and bloudlesse emulation .

1695 S. Patrick Comm. Genesis 492 Zilpah's Sons..were thought to have less emulation to him, than the Sons of Leah.

1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker I. 226 I am afraid we sometimes palliate this vice [sc. envy], under the specious name of emulation.

4. As rendering of æmulatio (Vulgate), ‘jealousy’ (ascribed to God). rare.

ΚΠ

1610 Bible (Douay) II. Psalms lxxvii. 58 In their gravens they provoked him to emulation.

5. Computing. The technique by which a computer is enabled, by means of special hardware or software, to execute programs written for a different type of computer.

ΘΚΠ

society > computing and information technology > hardware > computer > [noun] > emulator > operation of

emulation1965

1965 Communications ACM 8 753 (heading) Emulation of large systems.

1965 Communications ACM 8 753 Emulation is the name given to the technique introduced in the IBM System/360 machine series for aiding in the conversion problem.

1970 A. Cameron et al. Computers & Old Eng. Concordances 25 You can also run programs that existed on a 1401 on a 360 through something called emulation..as opposed to paying a programmer..the cost of reprogramming.

1984 Your Computer Feb. 14/2 The VT200 terminals have full VT100 emulation capabilities, to enable customers to add VT200s to systems currently supporting VT100 terminals.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2021).

单词	emulation
释义	emulationn. /ɛmjuːˈleɪʃən/ Forms: Also 1600s æm-. Etymology: < Latin aemulātiōn-em, noun of action < aemulāri. 1. The endeavour to equal or surpass others in any achievement or quality; also, the desire or ambition to equal or excel.In early use the word is perhaps more frequently applied to the mental emotion; in modern use the notion of active effort is always in some degree present. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > dissent > competition or rivalry > [noun] rivality1528 strife1530 envy1541 emulation1552 contention1576 pinglinga1578 countermatch1581 paragon1590 competency1594 corrivality1598 rivalry1598 concurrence1603 contestation1603 competitiona1608 rivalling1607 concurrency1609 strift1612 corrivalry1614 rivalty1631 contest1648 corrivalty1649 coping1678 co-rivalry1835 rivalism1850 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Emulation, zelus. 1555 R. Eden in tr. Peter Martyr of Angleria Decades of Newe Worlde Pref. sig. diij To prouoke and encorage other forwarde natures to themulation of their vertues. 1612 J. Brinsley Ludus Lit. v. 48 Prouoking emulation of the Schollars. 1622 B. Jonson in J. Mabbe tr. M. Alemán Rogue sig. A4^v This Faire Æmulation, and no Enuy is. 1674 R. Boyle Excellency Theol. ii. v. 197 Imitation, or Emulation oftentimes makes many others addict themselves to it [a branch of study]. a1797 E. Burke Speech Shortening Parl. in Wks. (1812) X. 85 The spirit of emulation has also been extremely increased. 1828 I. D'Israeli Comm. Life Charles I II. xi. 274 Their emulation..terminated in personal antipathy. 1882 B. A. Hinsdale Garfield & Educ. i. 36 He was always generous in his emulations. †2. Ambitious rivalry for power or honours; contention or ill-will between rivals. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > dissent > competition or rivalry > [noun] > with ill will envying1587 emulation1588 emulosity1716 niggle1964 1588 in Harl. Misc. (1809) II. 97 The dissension and emulation that I have seen..between private captains for vain~glory. 1591 H. Wotton Let. 15 Jan. in Reliquiæ Wottonianæ (1685) 608 A great emulation fallen between the Queens Agent, and the Polish Orator there. 1597 W. Shakespeare Richard III ii. iii. 25 Emulation now, who shall be neerest: Will touch vs all too neare. View more context for this quotation 1612 T. Taylor Αρχὴν Ἁπάντων: Comm. Epist. Paul to Titus (i. 6) 105 What heart-greife was it to Iacob to see such daily emulation betweene Leah and Rahel? 1646 G. Buck Hist. Life Richard III i. 13 Iulius Cæsar, was..a great Captaine, although his Emulation cost an infinite quantitie of..humane blood. †3. Grudge against the superiority of others; dislike, or tendency to disparagement, of those who are superior. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > jealousy or envy > [noun] > envy evestOE envyc1280 envioustya1382 viea1400 grudgingc1420 invyc1440 emulation1561 enviousness1561 envying1587 grudgement1845 begrudgery1874 1561 R. Eden in tr. M. Cortés Arte Nauigation Pref. sig. ¶¶.i.^v This enuy of emulation proceadeth of some singuler vertue of them that are so maliced. 1605 M. Drayton Poems sig. Hh6^v For emulation euer did attend, Vpon the great. 1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning i. sig. I3^v Constantine the Great, in Emulation was woont to call him Parietaria, Wall flower. View more context for this quotation 1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida i. iii. 134 Pale and bloudlesse emulation . View more context for this quotation 1695 S. Patrick Comm. Genesis 492 Zilpah's Sons..were thought to have less emulation to him, than the Sons of Leah. 1771 T. Smollett Humphry Clinker I. 226 I am afraid we sometimes palliate this vice [sc. envy], under the specious name of emulation. 4. As rendering of æmulatio (Vulgate), ‘jealousy’ (ascribed to God). rare. ΚΠ 1610 Bible (Douay) II. Psalms lxxvii. 58 In their gravens they provoked him to emulation. 5. Computing. The technique by which a computer is enabled, by means of special hardware or software, to execute programs written for a different type of computer. ΘΚΠ society > computing and information technology > hardware > computer > [noun] > emulator > operation of emulation1965 1965 Communications ACM 8 753 (heading) Emulation of large systems. 1965 Communications ACM 8 753 Emulation is the name given to the technique introduced in the IBM System/360 machine series for aiding in the conversion problem. 1970 A. Cameron et al. Computers & Old Eng. Concordances 25 You can also run programs that existed on a 1401 on a 360 through something called emulation..as opposed to paying a programmer..the cost of reprogramming. 1984 Your Computer Feb. 14/2 The VT200 terminals have full VT100 emulation capabilities, to enable customers to add VT200s to systems currently supporting VT100 terminals. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2021). < n.1552
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