envelopen.

Brit.

/ˈɛnvələʊp/,

/ˈɒnv(ə)ləʊp/, U.S.

/ˈɛnvəˌloʊp/,

/ˈɑnvəˌloʊp/

Forms: Also 1700s–1800s envelop.

Etymology: < French enveloppe, < envelopper : see envelop v.Walker 1791 records the custom then prevailing of pronouncing this word like the French enveloppe /ɑ̃vlɔp/. In sense 2 this pronunciation, or rather some awkward attempt at it /ɑ̃vələʊp//ˈɒnvələʊp/ is still very frequently heard, though there is no good reason for giving a foreign sound to a word which no one regards as alien, and which has been anglicized in spelling for nearly 200 years.

a. That in which anything is enveloped; ‘a wrapper, integument, covering’ (Johnson).

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > wrapping > [noun] > enfolding or enveloping > that which or one who

enfolder1545

inwrapper1553

involucre1578

involument1578

burse1601

involvement1632

investment1646

involution1646

mantling1652

involucruma1676

tunicle1678

enveloping1693

envelope1715

enveloper1883

1715 J. Kersey Dict. Anglo-Britannicum (ed. 2) Envelope, a cover for anything.

1796 C. Burney Mem. Life Metastasio III. 142 He has consigned to my messenger..six volumes..not only without a box, but without any kind of envelope, or direction.

1811 Edinb. Rev. 18 226 The earth which serves as the envelope of the bones [in certain caverns].

1830 J. F. W. Herschel Prelim. Disc. Study Nat. Philos. 79 The statue might be conceived encrusted in its marble envelope.

1854 J. H. Stocqueler Hand-bk. Brit. India (ed. 3) 346 The better class of females..are covered with an immense piece of cloth..these envelopes are of white cloth.

1854 D. Brewster More Worlds ii. 21 The Earth is surrounded with an aerial envelope or atmosphere.

1865 Sat. Rev. 28 Oct. 555 The spirits have behind them the crass and heavy envelope of their earthly tenement.

1873 H. Rogers Superhuman Origin Bible (ed. 3) ii. 90 The envelope which protects the chrysalis.

b. figurative.

ΚΠ

1741 W. Warburton Divine Legation Moses II. 629 Their obvious sense that serves only for the envelope.

1797 W. Godwin Enquirer ii. xii. 370 Style should be the transparent envelop of our thoughts.

1829 I. Taylor Nat. Hist. Enthusiasm (1867) iv. 78 The leading intention of both [Antinomianism and Stoicism] is to enclose the human mind in a perfect envelop of abstractions.

1865 W. E. H. Lecky Hist. Rationalism (1878) I. 300 Every dogmatic system..should be regarded as the vehicle or envelope of pure religion.

1952 Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. July 239 The ‘envelope’ is the late Dr. Plant's name for the processes by which the individual selects from the environment those features with which he can deal and shuts out the rest.

1957 N. Frye Sound & Poetry 136 Traditional literary scholarship, chiefly..concerned with the sender and receiver in reaction with the cultural envelope.

1963 Listener 28 Feb. 370/2 The Liverpool building..is a palpable volume, held in place by a semi-translucent envelope of concrete and glass, to which the ribs are clearly accessory.

2. spec. The cover of a letter; now a small sheet of paper folded and gummed to serve as a cover for a letter.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > correspondence > letter > [noun] > cover or envelope

coverture1587

by covert1655

envelopea1715

letter cover1741

cover1747

letter case1823

wrapper1846

a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 302 A letter from the King of Spain was given to his daughter by the Spanish Ambassador, and she tore the envelope, and let it fall.

1735 J. Swift Advice to Grub-St. Poets in Wks. II. 368 Lend these to Paper-sparing Pope..No Letter with an Envelope Could give him more Delight.

1825 J. Neal Brother Jonathan III. xxxvi. 351 Our hero was tearing off the envelope.

1839 Sir R. Hill in G. B. Hill Life (1880) I. 346 The little bags called envelopes.

1874 F. C. Burnand My Time xxvii. 250 He quickly opened the envelope to see if the enclosed fee was in notes or a cheque.

3. In physical science often used in general sense; also spec. in Botany the calyx or the corolla, or both taken together; in Astronomy the nebulous covering of the head of a comet, the coma.

ΚΠ

1830 R. Knox tr. P. A. Béclard Elements Gen. Anat. 234 The envelopes of the muscles, or the enveloping aponeuroses..furnish..insertions to muscular fibres.

1830 J. Lindley Introd. Nat. Syst. Bot. 99 Stamens single, without any floral envelope.

1834 M. Somerville On Connexion Physical Sci. (1849) xxxvi. 404 The luminous envelope was of a decided yellow.

1851 W. B. Carpenter Man. Physiol. 519 A general contraction of the mantle or muscular envelope.

1870 J. D. Hooker Student's Flora Brit. Islands 14 Papaveraceæ..envelopes and stamens very caducous.

4. Fortification. (See quot.)

ΚΠ

1707 Glossographia Anglicana Nova

1715 J. Kersey Dict. Anglo-Britannicum (ed. 2) Envelope, In Fortification, a Work of Earth rais'd either in the Ditch of a Place, or beyond it.

1853 J. H. Stocqueler Mil. Encycl. 97/1 Envelope, in fortification, a work of earth, sometimes in form of a single parapet, and at others like a small rampart.

a. Mathematics. The locus of the ultimate intersections of consecutive curves (or surfaces) in a ‘family’ or system of curves (or surfaces).

ΚΠ

1871 I. Todhunter Diff. Calculus (1875) xxv. 359 The locus of the ultimate intersections of a series of curves is called the envelop of the series of curves.

1873 B. Williamson Elem. Treat. Differential Calculus (ed. 2) xv. 250 The envelope of the system..is touched by every curve of the system.

b. Electrical Engineering. A curve formed by joining the successive peaks of a graph of an oscillation, esp. a modulated wave.

ΚΠ

1928 Exper. Wireless June 302/1 When the voltages..are applied to the grid of an anode bend detector whose A.C. characteristic is a straight line, the envelopes indicated by curves 1 and 2 (Fig. 8) are rectified.

1929 Exper. Wireless Nov. 620/1 R, when plotted against time, will give the outline of the envelope representing the succession of carrier wave peaks.

1970 D. F. Shaw Introd. Electronics (ed. 2) xi. 256 The audio-frequency signal is represented by the envelope of the radio-frequency wave and..a device is employed which will give an output voltage proportional to the positive (or negative) envelope of the waveform.

6. Aeronautics. The gas or air container of a balloon or airship.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > balloons and airships > [noun] > gas or air container of balloon or airship

balloonet1838

gasbag1852

ballonet1869

air vessel1870

envelope1901

1901 Sci. Amer. 10 Aug. 89/3 The balloon is inflated with hydrogen, and in order to maintain at all times a tension on the envelope—that is to say, perfect inflation—a compensating balloon filled with air is placed in the interior.

1909 Rep. Advisory Committee Aeronautics 15 July 121 There will be some risk of [electrical] discharges between the airship and a charged cloud..while with a non-conducting envelope, if wet, there would be the same risk.

1950 Gloss. Aeronaut. Terms (B.S.I.) i. 49 Envelope. a. The gas-containing unit of a balloon or non-rigid or semi-rigid airship. b. The outer cover of an airship in which the gas-containing units are surrounded by a layer of air or inert gas.

1961 R. Higham Brit. Rigid Airship vii. 118 This was despite the fact that the engineer had to climb on to the top of the envelope each time it was necessary to switch to a new tank of petrol.

7. The outer containing-vessel of a vacuum tube.

ΚΠ

1932 F. E. Terman Radio Engin. xi. 395 The 280 tube has two cathodes and two anodes and so is essentially two half-wave rectifiers enclosed in one envelope.

1959 Listener 12 Mar. 454/1 Extra high pressure mercury vapour lamps in quartz envelopes.

Compounds

C1. General attributive.

envelope cementer n.

ΚΠ

1904 Daily Chron. 12 Jan. 10/6 Envelope Cementer wanted... Envelope Folder wanted.

envelope cutter n.

ΚΠ

1901 Daily Chron. 16 Apr. 8/6 Envelope Cutter.

envelope flap n.

ΚΠ

1891 R. Kipling Light that Failed xi. 223 A letter with a black M. on the envelope flap.

envelope folder n.

ΚΠ

1904Envelope folder [see envelope cementer n.].

C2.

envelope conditions n. Aeronautics (see quot.).

ΚΠ

1944 Jrnl. Royal Aeronaut. Soc. 48 117 Tests at other heights can then be confined to what are termed ‘envelope’ conditions; that is, the engine conditions which will give the maximum economy at any given speed.

envelope delay n. Electrical Engineering (see quot. 1940).

ΚΠ

1940 Chambers's Techn. Dict. 301/1 Envelope delay, the time taken for the envelope of a signal to travel through a transmission system, without reference to the time taken by the individual components.

1943 F. E. Terman Radio Engineers' Handbk. v. 443 Envelope delay is of particular importance in tuned amplifiers handling television signals, because any variation in the envelope delay with modulating frequency adds to the total delay error of the system.

1956 S. W. Amos & D. C. Birkinshaw Television Engin. II. i. 20 A more sensitive indication of the seriousness of any phase distortion is given by the slope of the curve itself, usually measured by the slope of the tangent to the curve... The slope of the tangent is the envelope delay or group delay.

Derivatives

ˈenvelope v. colloquial to put (a letter) in an envelope.

ΘΚΠ

society > communication > correspondence > sending items > send items [verb (transitive)] > put in envelope

envelope1857

1857 A. De Morgan Let. 3 July in R. P. Graves Life Sir W. R. Hamilton (1889) III. 519 You write letters..Lady Hamilton finds them, envelopes them, puts them before you, etc.

Draft additions March 2003

Aeronautics. = flight envelope n. at flight n.¹ Compounds 2. Hence: gen. an operating or performance boundary; an established parameter or limit. See to push the envelope at push v. Phrases 13.

ΘΚΠ

society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > qualities and parameters of aircraft > [noun] > limiting combinations of altitude, range, or speed

envelope1944

flight envelope1944

1944 Jrnl. Royal Aeronaut. Soc. 48 488 The best known of the envelope cases is the ‘flight envelope’, which is in general use in this country and in the United States... The ‘flight envelope’ covers all probable conditions of symmetrical manoeuvring flight.

1978 Aviation Week & Space Technol. (Nexis) 3 July 110 The aircraft's altitude envelope must be expanded to permit a ferry flight across the nation. NASA pilots were to push the envelope to 10,000 ft.

1980 G. Kaufman How to be Minister xvi. 161 Such standard items of Eurojargon as ‘envelope’ and ‘margins’. An envelope is a limit within which budgetary dispositions can be juggled.

1989 Cycle Oct. 7/1 There were so many holes in the Harley performance envelope.

2001 Today's Pilot Feb. 33/3 In addition to being great fun, aerobatics demonstrate the whole handling envelope of the aircraft and are a great confidence boost.

Draft additions March 2003

Virology. The lipoprotein membrane that surrounds the nucleocapsid of many viruses.

ΚΠ

1960 Science 15 July 119/1 Such a virus..can then acquire an outer envelope in its passage through the cell membrane.

1963 Science 15 Nov. 933/1 In these RNA-containing viruses the RNA is surrounded by protein units arranged in the form of a helix, which is folded and included in a membranous, lipid-containing envelope.

1984 M. J. Taussig Processes in Pathol. & Microbiol. (ed. 2) iii. 224 In their envelopes, these viruses usually appear roughly spherical as the nucleocapsid is flexible enough to coil up within the loose-fitting lipid membrane.

1990 EMBO Jrnl. 9 4155/2 The progeny can contain a mixture of the two envelope glycoproteins, resulting in pseudotyped viruses with altered tropism.

2002 Washington Post 26 Feb. (Home ed.) a2/5 The compound blocks gp120, a part of the HIV ‘envelope’ that attaches to the CD4 receptor.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	envelope
释义	envelopen. Brit. /ˈɛnvələʊp/, /ˈɒnv(ə)ləʊp/, U.S. /ˈɛnvəˌloʊp/, /ˈɑnvəˌloʊp/ Forms: Also 1700s–1800s envelop. Etymology: < French enveloppe, < envelopper : see envelop v.Walker 1791 records the custom then prevailing of pronouncing this word like the French enveloppe /ɑ̃vlɔp/. In sense 2 this pronunciation, or rather some awkward attempt at it /ɑ̃vələʊp//ˈɒnvələʊp/ is still very frequently heard, though there is no good reason for giving a foreign sound to a word which no one regards as alien, and which has been anglicized in spelling for nearly 200 years. 1. a. That in which anything is enveloped; ‘a wrapper, integument, covering’ (Johnson). ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > wrapping > [noun] > enfolding or enveloping > that which or one who enfolder1545 inwrapper1553 involucre1578 involument1578 burse1601 involvement1632 investment1646 involution1646 mantling1652 involucruma1676 tunicle1678 enveloping1693 envelope1715 enveloper1883 1715 J. Kersey Dict. Anglo-Britannicum (ed. 2) Envelope, a cover for anything. 1796 C. Burney Mem. Life Metastasio III. 142 He has consigned to my messenger..six volumes..not only without a box, but without any kind of envelope, or direction. 1811 Edinb. Rev. 18 226 The earth which serves as the envelope of the bones [in certain caverns]. 1830 J. F. W. Herschel Prelim. Disc. Study Nat. Philos. 79 The statue might be conceived encrusted in its marble envelope. 1854 J. H. Stocqueler Hand-bk. Brit. India (ed. 3) 346 The better class of females..are covered with an immense piece of cloth..these envelopes are of white cloth. 1854 D. Brewster More Worlds ii. 21 The Earth is surrounded with an aerial envelope or atmosphere. 1865 Sat. Rev. 28 Oct. 555 The spirits have behind them the crass and heavy envelope of their earthly tenement. 1873 H. Rogers Superhuman Origin Bible (ed. 3) ii. 90 The envelope which protects the chrysalis. b. figurative. ΚΠ 1741 W. Warburton Divine Legation Moses II. 629 Their obvious sense that serves only for the envelope. 1797 W. Godwin Enquirer ii. xii. 370 Style should be the transparent envelop of our thoughts. 1829 I. Taylor Nat. Hist. Enthusiasm (1867) iv. 78 The leading intention of both [Antinomianism and Stoicism] is to enclose the human mind in a perfect envelop of abstractions. 1865 W. E. H. Lecky Hist. Rationalism (1878) I. 300 Every dogmatic system..should be regarded as the vehicle or envelope of pure religion. 1952 Brit. Jrnl. Psychol. July 239 The ‘envelope’ is the late Dr. Plant's name for the processes by which the individual selects from the environment those features with which he can deal and shuts out the rest. 1957 N. Frye Sound & Poetry 136 Traditional literary scholarship, chiefly..concerned with the sender and receiver in reaction with the cultural envelope. 1963 Listener 28 Feb. 370/2 The Liverpool building..is a palpable volume, held in place by a semi-translucent envelope of concrete and glass, to which the ribs are clearly accessory. 2. spec. The cover of a letter; now a small sheet of paper folded and gummed to serve as a cover for a letter. ΘΚΠ society > communication > correspondence > letter > [noun] > cover or envelope coverture1587 by covert1655 envelopea1715 letter cover1741 cover1747 letter case1823 wrapper1846 a1715 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Own Time (1724) I. 302 A letter from the King of Spain was given to his daughter by the Spanish Ambassador, and she tore the envelope, and let it fall. 1735 J. Swift Advice to Grub-St. Poets in Wks. II. 368 Lend these to Paper-sparing Pope..No Letter with an Envelope Could give him more Delight. 1825 J. Neal Brother Jonathan III. xxxvi. 351 Our hero was tearing off the envelope. 1839 Sir R. Hill in G. B. Hill Life (1880) I. 346 The little bags called envelopes. 1874 F. C. Burnand My Time xxvii. 250 He quickly opened the envelope to see if the enclosed fee was in notes or a cheque. 3. In physical science often used in general sense; also spec. in Botany the calyx or the corolla, or both taken together; in Astronomy the nebulous covering of the head of a comet, the coma. ΚΠ 1830 R. Knox tr. P. A. Béclard Elements Gen. Anat. 234 The envelopes of the muscles, or the enveloping aponeuroses..furnish..insertions to muscular fibres. 1830 J. Lindley Introd. Nat. Syst. Bot. 99 Stamens single, without any floral envelope. 1834 M. Somerville On Connexion Physical Sci. (1849) xxxvi. 404 The luminous envelope was of a decided yellow. 1851 W. B. Carpenter Man. Physiol. 519 A general contraction of the mantle or muscular envelope. 1870 J. D. Hooker Student's Flora Brit. Islands 14 Papaveraceæ..envelopes and stamens very caducous. 4. Fortification. (See quot.) ΚΠ 1707 Glossographia Anglicana Nova 1715 J. Kersey Dict. Anglo-Britannicum (ed. 2) Envelope, In Fortification, a Work of Earth rais'd either in the Ditch of a Place, or beyond it. 1853 J. H. Stocqueler Mil. Encycl. 97/1 Envelope, in fortification, a work of earth, sometimes in form of a single parapet, and at others like a small rampart. 5. a. Mathematics. The locus of the ultimate intersections of consecutive curves (or surfaces) in a ‘family’ or system of curves (or surfaces). ΚΠ 1871 I. Todhunter Diff. Calculus (1875) xxv. 359 The locus of the ultimate intersections of a series of curves is called the envelop of the series of curves. 1873 B. Williamson Elem. Treat. Differential Calculus (ed. 2) xv. 250 The envelope of the system..is touched by every curve of the system. b. Electrical Engineering. A curve formed by joining the successive peaks of a graph of an oscillation, esp. a modulated wave. ΚΠ 1928 Exper. Wireless June 302/1 When the voltages..are applied to the grid of an anode bend detector whose A.C. characteristic is a straight line, the envelopes indicated by curves 1 and 2 (Fig. 8) are rectified. 1929 Exper. Wireless Nov. 620/1 R, when plotted against time, will give the outline of the envelope representing the succession of carrier wave peaks. 1970 D. F. Shaw Introd. Electronics (ed. 2) xi. 256 The audio-frequency signal is represented by the envelope of the radio-frequency wave and..a device is employed which will give an output voltage proportional to the positive (or negative) envelope of the waveform. 6. Aeronautics. The gas or air container of a balloon or airship. ΘΚΠ society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > balloons and airships > [noun] > gas or air container of balloon or airship balloonet1838 gasbag1852 ballonet1869 air vessel1870 envelope1901 1901 Sci. Amer. 10 Aug. 89/3 The balloon is inflated with hydrogen, and in order to maintain at all times a tension on the envelope—that is to say, perfect inflation—a compensating balloon filled with air is placed in the interior. 1909 Rep. Advisory Committee Aeronautics 15 July 121 There will be some risk of [electrical] discharges between the airship and a charged cloud..while with a non-conducting envelope, if wet, there would be the same risk. 1950 Gloss. Aeronaut. Terms (B.S.I.) i. 49 Envelope. a. The gas-containing unit of a balloon or non-rigid or semi-rigid airship. b. The outer cover of an airship in which the gas-containing units are surrounded by a layer of air or inert gas. 1961 R. Higham Brit. Rigid Airship vii. 118 This was despite the fact that the engineer had to climb on to the top of the envelope each time it was necessary to switch to a new tank of petrol. 7. The outer containing-vessel of a vacuum tube. ΚΠ 1932 F. E. Terman Radio Engin. xi. 395 The 280 tube has two cathodes and two anodes and so is essentially two half-wave rectifiers enclosed in one envelope. 1959 Listener 12 Mar. 454/1 Extra high pressure mercury vapour lamps in quartz envelopes. Compounds C1. General attributive. envelope cementer n. ΚΠ 1904 Daily Chron. 12 Jan. 10/6 Envelope Cementer wanted... Envelope Folder wanted. envelope cutter n. ΚΠ 1901 Daily Chron. 16 Apr. 8/6 Envelope Cutter. envelope flap n. ΚΠ 1891 R. Kipling Light that Failed xi. 223 A letter with a black M. on the envelope flap. envelope folder n. ΚΠ 1904Envelope folder [see envelope cementer n.]. C2. envelope conditions n. Aeronautics (see quot.). ΚΠ 1944 Jrnl. Royal Aeronaut. Soc. 48 117 Tests at other heights can then be confined to what are termed ‘envelope’ conditions; that is, the engine conditions which will give the maximum economy at any given speed. envelope delay n. Electrical Engineering (see quot. 1940). ΚΠ 1940 Chambers's Techn. Dict. 301/1 Envelope delay, the time taken for the envelope of a signal to travel through a transmission system, without reference to the time taken by the individual components. 1943 F. E. Terman Radio Engineers' Handbk. v. 443 Envelope delay is of particular importance in tuned amplifiers handling television signals, because any variation in the envelope delay with modulating frequency adds to the total delay error of the system. 1956 S. W. Amos & D. C. Birkinshaw Television Engin. II. i. 20 A more sensitive indication of the seriousness of any phase distortion is given by the slope of the curve itself, usually measured by the slope of the tangent to the curve... The slope of the tangent is the envelope delay or group delay. Derivatives ˈenvelope v. colloquial to put (a letter) in an envelope. ΘΚΠ society > communication > correspondence > sending items > send items [verb (transitive)] > put in envelope envelope1857 1857 A. De Morgan Let. 3 July in R. P. Graves Life Sir W. R. Hamilton (1889) III. 519 You write letters..Lady Hamilton finds them, envelopes them, puts them before you, etc. Draft additions March 2003 Aeronautics. = flight envelope n. at flight n.¹ Compounds 2. Hence: gen. an operating or performance boundary; an established parameter or limit. See to push the envelope at push v. Phrases 13. ΘΚΠ society > travel > air or space travel > a means of conveyance through the air > aeroplane > qualities and parameters of aircraft > [noun] > limiting combinations of altitude, range, or speed envelope1944 flight envelope1944 1944 Jrnl. Royal Aeronaut. Soc. 48 488 The best known of the envelope cases is the ‘flight envelope’, which is in general use in this country and in the United States... The ‘flight envelope’ covers all probable conditions of symmetrical manoeuvring flight. 1978 Aviation Week & Space Technol. (Nexis) 3 July 110 The aircraft's altitude envelope must be expanded to permit a ferry flight across the nation. NASA pilots were to push the envelope to 10,000 ft. 1980 G. Kaufman How to be Minister xvi. 161 Such standard items of Eurojargon as ‘envelope’ and ‘margins’. An envelope is a limit within which budgetary dispositions can be juggled. 1989 Cycle Oct. 7/1 There were so many holes in the Harley performance envelope. 2001 Today's Pilot Feb. 33/3 In addition to being great fun, aerobatics demonstrate the whole handling envelope of the aircraft and are a great confidence boost. Draft additions March 2003 Virology. The lipoprotein membrane that surrounds the nucleocapsid of many viruses. ΚΠ 1960 Science 15 July 119/1 Such a virus..can then acquire an outer envelope in its passage through the cell membrane. 1963 Science 15 Nov. 933/1 In these RNA-containing viruses the RNA is surrounded by protein units arranged in the form of a helix, which is folded and included in a membranous, lipid-containing envelope. 1984 M. J. Taussig Processes in Pathol. & Microbiol. (ed. 2) iii. 224 In their envelopes, these viruses usually appear roughly spherical as the nucleocapsid is flexible enough to coil up within the loose-fitting lipid membrane. 1990 EMBO Jrnl. 9 4155/2 The progeny can contain a mixture of the two envelope glycoproteins, resulting in pseudotyped viruses with altered tropism. 2002 Washington Post 26 Feb. (Home ed.) a2/5 The compound blocks gp120, a part of the HIV ‘envelope’ that attaches to the CD4 receptor. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1707
随便看	stop, to fill in, to supply a gap stop, to fill up, to supply a gap stop-action stop-and-go stop-and-search stop-and-start stop-back stop-block stop-boy stop-buffer stop-butt stop-cleat stop-clock stop-cloth stop-coin stop-cylinder stop-day stop-dice stop-dog stop-drill stop-finger stop-frame stop-galliard stop-gamble stop-game