单词 | envy |
释义 | envyn. a. Malignant or hostile feeling; ill-will, malice, enmity. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > spitefulness > feeling of spite > [noun] ondeeOE teenOE envyc1300 malicea1325 eftc1325 maugrec1330 spitec1330 malignec1475 wrokea1500 doggedness1530 despitefulness1535 cankeredness1538 venomy1548 livor1589 doggishness1622 viperousness1651 Schadenfreude1895 bitchery1936 the world > action or operation > behaviour > bad behaviour > unkindness > spite, malice > [noun] ondeeOE evestOE teenOE hatingOE envyc1300 eftc1325 maugrec1330 spitec1330 malicea1382 despitec1400 unkindnessc1400 malignec1475 wrokea1500 doggedness1530 despitefulness1535 cankeredness1538 venomy1548 livor1589 doggishness1622 viperousness1651 acid1768 Schadenfreude1895 bitchery1936 c1300 Seyn Julian 88 Ich [Belial] made þoru a lutel enuye þat on sle þat oðer. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Gött.) l. 15389 Of all venime and eneui ful kindeld vp he ras. c1400 Ywaine & Gaw. 3522 So grete envy..bitwix tham twa was than. c1430 Syr Gener. 5266 To him he had so grete envie. a1529 J. Skelton Magnyfycence (?1530) sig. Fiii Full fewe but they haue enuy at me. 1600 W. Shakespeare Merchant of Venice iv. i. 9 No lawfull meanes can carry me out of enuies reach. View more context for this quotation 1611 Bible (King James) Mark xv. 10 For hee knew that the chiefe Priests had deliuered him for enuie . View more context for this quotation 1640 W. Habington Queen of Arragon ii. i, in W. C. Hazlitt Dodsley's Sel. Coll. Old Eng. Plays (1875) XIII. 355 Misfortune brings Sorrow enough; 'tis envy to ourselves T'augment it by prediction. 1707 E. Ward Hudibras Redivivus II. xi. 13 In Naseby-Fields both Armies met, Their Envy, like their Numbers, great. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > wish or inclination > unwillingness > [noun] un-i-willa1225 unlustc1230 dangerc1290 loathnessa1300 thronessa1400 grudgingc1420 nilling?a1425 unlustiness?a1425 loathinessc1449 difficulty?c1450 grudge1477 sticking1525 scruple1526 unreadiness1526 sweerness1533 dangerousness1548 untowardnessa1555 envy1557 loathsomeness1560 retractation1563 stickling1589 indisposition1593 loathfulness1596 backwardness1597 unwillingness1597 reluctation1598 offwardness1600 undisposedness1600 hinka1614 reluctancy1621 reluctancea1628 renitence1640 nolencea1651 nolencya1651 indisposedness1651 shyness1651 nolition1653 costiveness1654 sullenness1659 scrupling1665 regret1667 queerness1687 stickiness1689 disinclination1695 uneasinessa1715 tarditude1794 disclination1812 inalacrity1813 grudgingness1820 tarrowing1832 reticence1863 grudgery1889 balkiness1894 safety first1913 1557 T. North tr. A. de Guevara Diall Princes f. 185v/1 For speaking the truth: the man which hath enuy to seme olde doth delite to liue in the lightnes of youth. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > unpopularity > [noun] envy1598 invidiousness1694 unpopularity1716 non-popularity1834 1598 R. Grenewey tr. Tacitus Annales i. x. 19 As well the fact, as the enuie of it, should light vpon their owne necks. 1622 F. Bacon Hist. Raigne Henry VII 100 This Taxe (called Benevolence) was deuised by Edward the Fourth, for which hee sustained much Enuie. 1651 in T. Fuller Abel Redevivus 278 This accident procured great envie unto Calvin from all places. 1679 Bp. G. Burnet Hist. Reformation: 1st Pt. ii. 62 He had the Legates between him and the Envy or Odium of it. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > [noun] burstc1000 harmOE scatheOE teenOE evil healc1175 waningc1175 hurt?c1225 quede?c1225 balec1275 damage1300 follyc1300 grill13.. ungain13.. torferc1325 eviltyc1330 wem1338 impairment1340 marring1357 unhend1377 sorrowc1380 pairingc1384 pairmentc1384 mischiefc1385 offencec1385 appairment1388 hindering1390 noyinga1398 bresta1400 envya1400 wemminga1400 gremec1400 wilc1400 blemishing1413 lesion?a1425 nocument?a1425 injuryc1430 mischieving1432 hindrance1436 detrimenta1440 ill1470 untroth1470 diversity1484 remordc1485 unhappinessc1485 grudge1491 wriguldy-wrag?1520 danger1530 dishort1535 perishment1540 wreaka1542 emperishment1545 impeachment1548 indemnity1556 impair1568 spoil1572 impeach1575 interestc1575 emblemishing1583 mishap1587 endamagement1593 blemishment1596 mischievance1600 damnificationa1631 oblesion1656 mishanter1754 vitiation1802 mar1876 jeel1887 the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > harmful mischievousness > harmful mischief > [noun] quede?c1225 follyc1300 unhend1377 envya1400 untroth1470 diversity1484 unhappinessc1485 wriguldy-wrag?1520 jeel1887 a1400 Chester Pl. (Shaks. Soc.) 199 Envye doe by no woman, To doe her shame by nighte nor daie. c1460 Battle Otterbourne in Percy Reliq. 46 Yf thou hast haryed all Bamborowe shyre, Thou hast done me grete envye. c1475 (?c1400) Apol. Lollard Doctr. (1842) 26 Discese & oþer enuyes. 3. a. The feeling of mortification and ill-will occasioned by the contemplation of superior advantages possessed by another. Const. †at, of, †to, †upon (persons), at, of (things). Phrases, to feel (†have) envy. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > jealousy or envy > [noun] > envy evestOE envyc1280 envioustya1382 viea1400 grudgingc1420 invyc1440 emulation1561 enviousness1561 envying1587 grudgement1845 begrudgery1874 c1280 Fall & Passion in Early Eng. Poems & Lives Saints (1862) 13 To him þe deuil had envie, þat he in his stid schold be broȝte. a1340 R. Rolle Psalter ii. 10 Enuye couaitis, iolifte & oþer vices. 1393 W. Langland Piers Plowman C. xxiii. 246 Haueþ non enuye To lerede ne to lewide. a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Fairf. 14) l. l. 27694 If þou þorou þine enuy. has ani man wroied wrangewisly. c1405 (c1385) G. Chaucer Knight's Tale (Hengwrt) (2003) l. 49 Haue ye so greet envie Of myn honour. a1440 Relig. Pieces fr. Thornton MS. 23 Envy..es joye of oþer mens harme and sorowe of oþer mens welefare. 1477 W. Caxton tr. R. Le Fèvre Hist. Jason (1913) 103 Zethephius began to haue enuye vpon the king Appollo. ?1529 R. Hyrde tr. J. L. Vives Instr. Christen Woman ii. ix. sig. i.ij It is moche more shame to haue enuie at other for money, clothynges, or possessions. 1588 A. King tr. P. Canisius Cathechisme or Schort Instr. 143 Invy at our brothers charitie. 1611 M. Smith in Bible (King James) Transl. Pref. 2 Enuie striketh most spitefully at the fairest. a1616 W. Shakespeare Julius Caesar (1623) v. v. 69 All the Conspirators saue onely hee, Did that they did, in enuy of great Cæsar. View more context for this quotation 1684 Winstanley in C. M. Ingleby & L. T. Smith Shakespeare's Cent. Prayse (1879) 400 Honour is always attended on by Envy. 1737 W. Whiston tr. Josephus Antiq. Jews i. xviii, in tr. Josephus Genuine Wks. 25 He was hindred..by his envy at him. 1836 H. Smith Tin Trumpet I. 194 Envy—Punishing ourselves for being inferior to our neighbours. 1875 B. Jowett in tr. Plato Dialogues (ed. 2) V. 75 Let every man contend in the race without envy. ΘΚΠ the mind > goodness and badness > quality of being good > perfection > [adverb] fullfremedlyOE to envyc1369 to a wish1390 perfectlyc1395 consummately1529 sincerely1583 to the (also a) nail?1611 like a tansy1619 magisterially1625 (up) to the nines (rarely nine)?1719 puffickly1858 quintessentially1866 to the (also a) queen's taste1880 A-OK1961 c1369 G. Chaucer Bk. Duchesse 173 They had good leyser for to route To envye, who might slepe beste. 1653 tr. S. Przypkowski Dissertatio de Pace vii. 36 That contemplation, happy even to envie, awaiteth us in the heavens. 1668 S. Pepys Diary 11 Mar. (1976) IX. 113 Captain Cocke..told me..that the Sollicitor generall doth commend me even to envy. c. plural. Instances of envy; envious feelings, jealousies; rivalries. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > jealousy or envy > [noun] downcrying1575 envying1587 envies1622 jaundice1629 1622 F. Bacon Hist. Raigne Henry VII 239 Little Enuies or Emulations upon Forraine Princes. 1668 J. Dryden Of Dramatick Poesie 31 The little envies of them [sc. women] to one another. 1888 Poor Nellie 26 Whilst..our statesmen inflame the mean envies of classes. d. concrete. The object of envy. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > jealousy or envy > [noun] > envy > object of envy envy1836 1836 E. Bulwer-Lytton Duchess de la Vallière iii. ii Duchess la Vallière..The envy of the beauty and the birth Of Europe's court. 4. Without notion of malevolence: ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > dissent > competition or rivalry > [noun] rivality1528 strife1530 envy1541 emulation1552 contention1576 pinglinga1578 countermatch1581 paragon1590 competency1594 corrivality1598 rivalry1598 concurrence1603 contestation1603 competitiona1608 rivalling1607 concurrency1609 strift1612 corrivalry1614 rivalty1631 contest1648 corrivalty1649 coping1678 co-rivalry1835 rivalism1850 1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance xxxiii. f. 77v His aduancement shall ingender in noble men an honest enuy. 1606–35 Ford in Webster's New Internat. Dict. Eng. Lang. (1890) Such as cleanliness and decency Prompt to a virtuous envy. b. A longing for the advantages enjoyed by another person. ΚΠ ?1725 A. Pope Corr. 12 Aug. (1956) II. 315 My innocent Envies and Wishes of your State. 1891 N.E.D. at Envy Mod. Your success excites my envy. ΘΚΠ the mind > will > wish or inclination > desire > [noun] i-willc888 wilningc888 willingeOE lustc950 listc1220 desire1303 affection1340 desiring1377 appetite1382 envya1400 wishc1430 desideryc1450 stomach1513 affect1531 wilnec1540 desirefulness1548 woulding1549 desirousness1571 ambition1579 lusting1580 listing1587 maw1601 appetition1603 appetence1610 bosoma1616 orexis1619 desirableness1649 appetency1656 would1753 wanting1801 want-to1903 a1400 (a1325) Cursor Mundi (Trin. Cambr.) l. 2240 Þese foles..wiþ greet envye þis werk bigon. 1481 W. Caxton tr. Myrrour of Worlde i. v. 19 And had enuye at none other thinge, but only for to lerne suche science. a1500 (?c1400) Sir Triamour (Cambr.) (1937) l. 341 They rode forthe wyth grete envy To seke aftur the quene. 1607 E. Topsell Hist. Foure-footed Beastes 334 Vnciuilized men, do participate in their conditions, the labors and enuy of brute beasts. 6. In the following quots. enuy is probably a mere misprint for enemy. Cf. envyte n. ΚΠ c1430 J. Lydgate tr. Bochas Fall of Princes (1544) i. ix. 16 b Ye great sodein fall Of mighty Jabin for his iniquitie Which unto Jewes was enuy [1494 enmy] full mortall. 1578 J. Lyly Euphues f. 83 Greater is thy credite in sustayninge wronge then thy enuyes in committinge iniurie. Compounds In combinations. ΚΠ 1817 S. T. Coleridge Biogr. Lit. 26 He must be envy-mad. 1871 F. T. Palgrave Lyrical Poems 135 Judges with envy-dim eye. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online June 2022). envyv.1 1. transitive. To feel displeasure and ill-will at the superiority of (another person) in happiness, success, reputation, or the possession of anything desirable; to regard with discontent another's possession of (some superior advantage which one would like to have for oneself). Also in less unfavourable sense: To wish oneself on a level with (another) in happiness or in the possession of something desirable; to wish oneself possessed of (something which another has). a. with object a thing; †(rarely) with object clause. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > jealousy or envy > be jealous or envious of [verb (transitive)] > envy envyc1386 invy1483 grudgea1577 malign1589 c1386 G. Chaucer Wife of Bath's Prol. 142 I nyl nat enuye no virginitee. 1393 J. Gower Confessio Amantis I. 254 Every worship is envied. 1595 W. C[larke] in C. M. Ingleby & L. T. Smith Shakespeare's Cent. Prayse (1879) 15 Let other countries (sweet Cambridge) envie..thy petrarch, divine Spenser. a1616 W. Shakespeare As you like It (1623) iii. ii. 72 I..owe no man hate, enuie no mans happinesse. View more context for this quotation c1632 in Athenæum 27 Jan. (1883) 121/3 Eolus such monstrous wracks envyes. 1696 W. Whiston New Theory of Earth iv. 292 We have but too much reason to envy the Ancient Happiness of our Forefathers. 1728 T. Sheridan tr. Persius Satyrs (1739) iii. 49 Do not envy that the wealthy Lawyer increases his Stores beyond you by Knavery and Oppression. 1857 J. Ruskin Polit. Econ. Art i. 4 A power, not indeed to be envied, because it seldom makes us happy. b. with object a person. ΚΠ 1526 W. Bonde Pylgrimage of Perfection iii. sig. MMiii Thou shalt..mollifye his herte that enuyeth the. 1546 J. Heywood Dialogue Prouerbes Eng. Tongue i. xi. sig. Diiv Sonne, better be enuied then pitied, folke sey. 1623 W. Shakespeare & J. Fletcher Henry VIII ii. ii. 127 They will not sticke to say, you enuide him. View more context for this quotation 1741 C. Middleton Hist. Life Cicero II. x. 458 I envy him for walking, and joking with you. 1841 R. W. Emerson Heroism in Ess. 1st Ser. (London ed.) 265 Who does not envy them who have seen safely to an end their manful endeavour? 1872 J. Ruskin Eagle's Nest §34 We may be envied, but shall not be praised, for having been allowed, etc. c. with double object, person and thing. ΚΠ 1797 A. Radcliffe Italian II. i. 20 I envy your friend those tears. 1807 G. Crabbe Parish Reg. i, in Poems 55 Ah! much I envy thee, thy boys. a. To feel a grudge against (a person); to regard (a person or an action) with dislike or disapproval. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > anger > indignation or resentment > be indignant at or resent [verb (transitive)] to take in (also on, to) griefc1325 to bear (a person or thing) hard (also heavily, heavy, etc.)c1384 to take agrief?a1400 disdaina1513 stomach1523 to take it amiss1530 to have a grudge against (to, at)1531 to think amiss1533 envy1557 to take‥in (the) snuff (or to snuff)1560 to take snuff1565 to take scorn1581 to take indignly1593 to bear (one) upon (also in) the spleen1596 spleena1629 disresent1652 indign1652 miff1797 pin1934 1557 T. North tr. A. de Guevara Diall Princes f. 105v/2 I knowe well, Faustine, that for that I haue sayed..thou and others suche lyke, shall greatlye enuye me. ?1577 J. Northbrooke Spiritus est Vicarius Christi: Treat. Dicing 129 Bicause you are aged, and nowe are not able to doe as other yong men and women do, and this maketh you to enuy it so much. 1602 W. Warner Epitome Hist. Eng. in Albions Eng. (rev. ed.) 388 Much was this distraction of Regalitie from Richard the second enuied by those of his Lyne and Affinitie. 1630 tr. G. Botero Relations Famous Kingdomes World (rev. ed.) 553 The Grand Seignior doth much envie him [Emir of Sidon] for suffering the Florentines to harbour and water within his Port of Tyrus. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > harm, injury, or wrong > harm, injure, or commit offence against [verb (transitive)] misdoc1230 forworkc1275 wrongc1330 to do (one) spite or a spitec1380 to commit (also do, make) an offencec1384 offenda1387 unrighta1393 to do disease toc1400 injuryc1484 offence1512 misfease1571 watcha1586 injure1597 envya1625 disserve1637 hinder1639 disservice1837 serve1887 the mind > goodness and badness > harmfulness > [verb (transitive)] > to person or thing werdec725 wemc900 forworkOE evilc1000 teenOE grievec1230 misdoc1230 mischievec1325 shond1338 endamagec1374 unrighta1393 damagea1400 disvail14.. disavail1429 mischief1437 outrayc1440 prejudice1447 abuse?1473 injuryc1484 danger1488 prejudicate1553 damnify?a1562 wrack1562 inviolate1569 mislestc1573 indemnify1583 qualify1584 interess1587 buse1589 violence1592 injure1597 bane1601 envya1625 prejudiciala1637 founder1655 a1625 J. Fletcher Pilgrim ii. i, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Gggggv/2 If I make a lie To gaine your love, and envy my best Mistris, Pin me against a wall. a. transitive. To grudge, give reluctantly, refuse to give (a thing) to (a person); to begrudge (a thing); to treat (a person) grudgingly. Also absol. ΘΚΠ the mind > possession > retaining > niggardliness or meanness > be niggardly of [verb (transitive)] > grudge begrudgec1390 grutchc1400 strange1439 grudgec1500 envy1585 1585 Abp. E. Sandys Serm. xii. 189 God hath not enuied vs, he oweth vs nothing, but hee giueth vs much. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene iii. v. sig. Gg7v But that sweet Cordiall..She did to him enuy. 1600 R. Surflet tr. C. Estienne & J. Liébault Maison Rustique i. xix. 116 The dung of peacockes is very soueraigne against the diseases of the eies..but the peacocke so much enuieth the good of man, that he eateth his owne dung. 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost viii. 494 Thou has fulfill'd Thy words, Creator bounteous..nor enviest . View more context for this quotation 1667 J. Milton Paradise Lost iv. 517 Why should thir Lord Envie them that? View more context for this quotation 1693 J. Dryden Disc. conc. Satire in J. Dryden et al. tr. Juvenal Satires p. ii Jonson, who by studying Horace, had been acquainted with the Rules, yet seem'd to envy to Posterity that Knowledge. 1707 tr. P. Le Lorrain de Vallemont Curiosities in Husbandry & Gardening 25 We ought..to make our own Advantage of that Knowledge, and not to envy it to others. 1770 J. Langhorne & W. Langhorne tr. Plutarch Lives (1879) II. 785/2 Thou enviedst me the glory of giving thee thy life. ΚΠ c1430 J. Lydgate Story of Thebes iii For euery man of high and lowe degree Enuieth now, that other should thrive. 1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. John f. 40v Enuying that God shoulde haue his owne prayse and glory. 1605 F. Bacon Of Aduancem. Learning i. sig. F4v Antiquity enuieth there should be new additions. View more context for this quotation 1663 S. Butler Hudibras: First Pt. i. ii. 135 Magnano..did envy That two should with so many men vye. 1682 T. D'Urfey Butler's Ghost 176 Envying that he should ground his fame on Deeds so Essential to his Honour. a. intransitive. To have envious, grudging, or malevolent feelings. Sometimes with the occasion of the feeling expressed by infinitive to envy at = senses 1 – 3. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > attention and judgement > contempt > disapproval > invective or abuse > utter invective or abuse [verb (intransitive)] railc1475 envy1477 inveigh1529 blaspheme1584 invect1614 invectivate1624 to cast, throw, or fling dirt1642 ran-tan1660 philippicize1799 to fire a broadside1827 tirade1871 diatribe1893 rort1931 foul-mouth1960 1477 Earl Rivers tr. Dictes or Sayengis Philosophhres (Caxton) (1877) lf. 26v To be enuied at of mightier men then he is. 1549 M. Coverdale et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. II. Gal. iv. f. xvi Whose libertie they enuye at. a1616 W. Shakespeare King John (1623) iii. iv. 73 But now I enuie at their libertie. View more context for this quotation 1649 J. Milton Εικονοκλαστης iv. 30 The King..envying to see the Peoples love thus devolv'd on another object. 1656 A. Cowley Life & Fame in Pindaric Odes (1687) ii Oh Life! that epicures envy to hear! 1658 J. Coles tr. G. de Costes de La Calprenède Hymen's Preludia: 7th Pt. vii. 271 Those to whom this fortune is denied have so much cause to envie at it, etc. a1677 I. Barrow Wks. (1686) III. 434 Envying at those who have more worldly advantages. 1700 J. Dryden Chaucer's Palamon & Arcite iii, in Fables 50 Envy'd to behold The Names of others, not their own inroll'd. ΚΠ 1382 Bible (Wycliffite, E.V.) Num. xi. 29 What, he seith, enuyest thow for me [L. æmularis pro me]. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2022). † envyv.2 a. intransitive. To vie, contend for mastery. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > dissent > competition or rivalry > compete or rival [verb (intransitive)] envyc1369 to try (also play, prove, etc.) masteriesa1393 strive?c1450 pingle?a1513 marrow1567 corrive1586 contend1589 tilt1589 to drop vie(s)1599 to prove conclusions1601 to try (a) conclusion1601 rival1608 wage1608 campa1614 vie1615 buzzle1638 side1641 rival1656 urge1691 compete1796 rivalize1800 c1369 G. Chaucer Bk. Duchesse 406 As thogh the erthe enuye wolde To be gayer than the heuen. 1384 G. Chaucer Hous of Fame iii. 141 For that she wolde envien, lo, To pypen bet than Appollo. b. transitive. To vie with, seek to rival. ΘΚΠ society > society and the community > dissent > competition or rivalry > compete with [verb (transitive)] couple1477 envy1509 contend1577 counterscore1577 paragona1586 corrive1586 emulate1586 emule1595 corrival1601 vie1602 rival1607 vie1607 contesta1616 antagonize1634 cope with1651 to break a lance with1862 1509 S. Hawes Pastime of Pleasure (1845) xiv. 56 My mayster Lydgate I wyll not envy. 1590 E. Spenser Faerie Queene i. ii. sig. B5 Each others equall puissaunce enuies. a1625 J. Fletcher Island Princesse i. iii, in F. Beaumont & J. Fletcher Comedies & Trag. (1647) sig. Nnn/1 Each tree As if it envied the old Paradice. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1891; most recently modified version published online March 2021). < n.c1280v.11382v.2c1369 |
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