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Ethiopiann.adj. Origin: From a proper name, combined with an English element. Etymons: proper name Ethiopia , -an suffix. Etymology: < the name of Ethiopia (classical Latin Aethiopia , ancient Greek Αἰθιοπία (see note); compare Ge'ez 'Ītyoṗyā and Amharic 'Ītyoṗyā , the name of the modern country) + -an suffix; compare -ian suffix. Compare Middle French ethiopien (French éthiopien ) (1476 or earlier as noun, 1551 or earlier as adjective), Spanish †etiopiano (late 13th cent. as noun and adjective), Portuguese etiopiano , noun and adjective (14th cent.), Italian †etiopiano (end of the 13th cent. as noun, also occasionally as adjective). Compare ancient Greek Αἰθιόπιος , adjective. Compare earlier Ethiop n., and (with the use as adjective) Ethiop adj., and also Abyssinian n., Abyssinian adj.Note on forms. With the β. forms compare -ean suffix. Specific senses. With sense B. 2 compare French éthiopien (1827 in this sense). In Ethiopian seseli (compare quot. 1578 at sense B. 1c) after post-classical Latin Aethiopicum seseli (1542 or earlier), itself after Hellenistic Greek Αἰθιοπικὸν σέσελι . With Ethiopian olive (compare quot. 1640 at sense B. 1c) compare classical Latin olea Aethiopica , Hellenistic Greek Αἰθιοπικὴ ἐλαία . In Ethiopian cumin (compare quot. 1712 at sense B. 1c) ultimately after classical Latin cumīnum Aethiopicum, itself after ancient Greek Αἰθιοπικὸν κύμινον ; compare French cumin éthiopique , cumin d'Éthiopie (both 1694 in the passage translated in quot. 1712 at sense B. 1c, or earlier). The name of Ethiopia. Ancient Greek Αἰθιοπία ( < Αἰθιοπ- , Αὶθίοψ Ethiop n. + -ία -y suffix3) denoted the kingdom of Cush (see Cushite n. and adj.), as well as (loosely) the whole inland part of sub-Saharan Africa. In the 4th cent. a.d. the kings of Axum (see Axumite n.) began to use the Greek plural noun Αἰθίοπες (see Ethiop n.) to designate their own country when writing in Greek; the earliest known such use occurs in a bilingual inscription (in Greek and Ge'ez, the latter in two scripts, Ge'ez and South Arabian) by King Ezana of Axum, who converted to Christianity c340. Ethiopia occurs as a place name in English contexts from Old English onwards (in Old English also as Æthiopia, Eþiopia; in Middle English and early modern English also as Ethiope, Ethiopy, etc.); compare the following early examples:OE Ælfric Catholic Homilies: 1st Ser. (Royal) (1997) xxi. 353 Petrus bodode on iudea lande;..bartholomeus on india, matheus on ethiopia.OE tr. Alexander's Let. to Aristotle (1995) §31. 244 We þa foron forð be þæm sæ, & þær ða hean hos & dene & garsecg ðone Æthiopia we gesawon.c1350 Psalter (BL Add. 17376) in K. D. Bülbring Earliest Compl. Eng. Prose Psalter (1891) lxxiii. 15 Þou..ȝaf hym mete to þe folk of Ethiope. ▸ a1398 J. Trevisa tr. Bartholomaeus Anglicus De Proprietatibus Rerum (BL Add. 27944) (1975) II. xviii. xxxviii. 1184 The dragoun bredeþ in Ynde and in Ethiopia.a1425 (c1395) Bible (Wycliffite, L.V.) (Royal) (1850) Jer. xiii. 23 If a man of Ethiopie mai chaunge his skyn.a1500 (c1340) R. Rolle Psalter (Univ. Oxf. 64) (1884) lxxiii. 15 Thou gaf him mete til folke of ethiopy.1570 J. Foxe Actes & Monumentes (rev. ed.) I. 95/1 Latyn writers..making mencion of the sayde pestilitie, declare how the beginning thereof..came..out of Ethiope, and from the hot countries.1630 tr. G. Botero Relations Famous Kingdomes World (rev. ed.) 460 The lower Æthiope, siteth most Southerly of any part of Africke. A. n. 1. the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > black person > [noun] a1325 (c1250) (1968) l. 2667 Folc ethiopienes [L. Aethiopes] on egipte cam. a1325 (c1250) (1968) l. 2689 Ethiopienes kinges dowter [L. filia regis Aethiopum] tarbis, Riche maiden of michel pris. c1384 (Douce 369(2)) (1850) Ezek. xxxviii. 5 Men of Persis, Ethiopiens [L. Aethiopes], and Libiens with hem. a1439 J. Lydgate (Bodl. 263) ix. l. 2925 An Ethiopien broun and horrible of siht. c1487 J. Skelton tr. Diodorus Siculus iv. 225 Cambises, a grete prince, furnyshed with an huge multitude of men of warre agayne the Ethiopians with mortall strife to warre. 1552 R. Huloet Ethiopians. 1594 R. Ashley tr. L. le Roy iv. f. 45 The Ethiopians sent..a bushell of gold from the myne. 1602 W. Shakespeare ii. iii. 25 Is a dead my Ethiopian? a1616 W. Shakespeare (1623) iv. iv. 362 This hand..as white as..Ethyopians tooth. View more context for this quotation 1686 J. Bunyan xxxiii. 42 Moses was a fair and comely man; His wife a swarthy Ethiopian. 1727 D. Defoe i. iii. 64 Ethiopians of Arabia Felix, which they call the South; and who, tho' Arabians, are call'd Ethiopians in Scripture. 1810 B. S. Youngs (ed. 2) vii. vii. 449 Zipporah was an Ethiopean, of another nation,..and of another colour. 1837 W. Ware I. ii. 28 She clapped her hands, and a tall Ethiopian with a turban as white as his face was black, quickly made his appearance. 1884 A. H. Sayce vi. 153 Tirhakah the Ethiopian, whom the Assyrians had driven out, invaded it from the south. 1935 17 Oct. 10/4 The Pope has to consider whether such action would do anything to help the Ethiopians. 1967 C. Seton-Watson iii. 125 A column of 500 Italian troops had been wiped out by several thousand Ethiopians at Dogali. 1996 6 Jan. 24/1 Although some Ethiopians speak as many as six or seven languages, many are used by just a handful of people. society > faith > sect > Christianity > Greek Orthodoxy > [noun] > person > Ethiopian 1567 T. Stapleton Pref. to Rdr. sig. ****iijv In all other Christened Countres, not only of all the West Churche..but of the East Churche also, yea amonge the Aethyopians and Armenians. 1579 P. de Mornay iii. sig. D.iiii I demaund what they wil aunswere vnto the Greeke Churches, the Armenians, Ethiopians &c. founded by the Apostles, & as olde as the Church of Rome, yea and elder too. 1640 E. Pagitt (ed. 3) vi. 107 The Ethiopian and Moscovites doe baptize in the Church porch. 1659 R. Baxter xxiv. 134 Seeing they are the subjects of Christ, we shall take both Ethiopians and Copties to be of the same Catholick Church with us. 1737 R. Challoner viii. 109 'Tis the Practice..of the Cophts, or Egyptians, and of the Abassins, or Ethiopians, who all use in their Liturgies their ancient Languages. 1833 A. Clarke in III. 189 The instrument used in church-music by the Ethiopians is now called..kaber. 1870 J. Hunt I. iii. 116 There may be a continued succession and yet no true Church, as among the Greeks, Armenians, and Ethiopians, which, in the judgment of Roman Catholics, are not true Churches. 1930 E. A. W. Budge xxxiv. 473 The Ethiopians, like the Egyptian Christians (Copts), believed in a personal Devil who was able to take any and every form or shape at will. 2004 P. Tovey iv. 74 The Ethiopians are clear in their practice. the mind > language > languages of the world > Afro-Asiatic > [noun] > Semitic > Ethiopic 1595 W. Lisle tr. S. G. de Senlis in tr. G. de S. Du Bartas 38 The Caldean, Syrian, Arabian, Egyptian, Persian, Ethiopian, and many other..are deriued thence [sc. from the Hebrew]. 1614 J. Selden i. ii. 45 In Ethiopian, Negush. 1651 tr. J. Daillé 70 Those of the Fathers, who have written either in Syriack, or Arabick, or Ethiopian, or the like vulgar tongues of their own. 1743 J. Lockman tr. I. 323 The Abyssianian Monophysites published a Piece..printed in Ethiopian by Ludolf. 1838 X. 52/2 The antient Ethiopian, or Geez. 1887 C. B. Pitman tr. F. de Lesseps II. xi. 271 This letter, written in Ethiopian, has been translated by M. d'Abbadie. 1903 Jan. 85 The manuscripts were good, but those who edited them did not understand Ethiopian. 1972 J. E. Duncan vii. 197 ‘Amara’ in Ethiopian did mean ‘paradise’. 2010 (Nexis) 4 May (Sport section) 2 Thanks to an airport security guard who speaks Ethiopian he finally managed to get back on track. society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > variety, etc. > performers in variety, etc. > [noun] > black minstrel 1844 29 June Our present company of Ethiopians take good care, while they bring out fully the distinctive marks of negro character, the expression—their attitudes—not to overstep the modesty of nature. 1861 J. W. Carlyle III. 81 The brass band is succeeded by a band of Ethiopians. 2004 S. H. Cornelius 138 The ‘Ethiopians’ were portrayed as children in grownup bodies who..lived the socially and sexually gregarious lives that stiff-lipped whites may have both feared and envied. 1899 Nov. 710 The Ethiopians say now that we ought to have no white missionaries. 1911 XVIII. 593/1 Each bishop [in S. Africa] now deals with the Ethiopians in his own diocese. 1948 B. G. M. Sundkler ii. 53 As Ethiopians I classify such independent Bantu Churches as have (a) seceded from White Mission Churches chiefly on racial grounds, or (b) other Bantu Churches seceding from the Bantu leaders classified under (a). 2003 41 225 The ‘Ethiopians’, an independent African church, broke away from the conventional local Presbyterian Church, and spearheaded the protest movement against the local representatives of the colonial state. B. adj. 1. 1565 T. Harding iii. f. 52 That the publike Seruice of the churche, was then in the Syriacall or Arabike, in the Egyptian, Ethiopian, Persian, Armenian, Scythian, Frenche or Britaine tonges. 1597 H. Broughton 42 The Æthyopian translation may be an example vppon Saint Peters place, whiche hath for Spirit, Manphes Kades: the Spirit Holy. 1624 J. Ussher 359 As other Greek copies read; agreeably to the old Latin and AEthiopian translation. 1685 A. Lovell tr. R. Simon xi. 119 In the Ethiopian Tongue there is no Consonant but which at the same time makes its Vowel. 1712 H. Wanley 28 Sept. (1989) 273 A Bible in the Georgian, Ethiopian or Abyssine and Armenian Languages. 1776 W. J. Mickle in tr. L. de Camoens Introd. p. xxxvii Several interpreters, skilled in the Ethiopian, Arabic, and other oriental languages, went along with them. 1828 2 515 Ludolf..was the first who afforded an Ethiopian grammar and dictionary. 1857 J. W. Simons tr. F. Portal i. 13 It is more than probable that Egypt received a part of the Ethiopian words on which the symbols were founded. 1952 14 209 The present article deals with seven isolated questions of Ethiopian phonology, morphology, and etymology. 2006 E. M. Troutt Powell in I. Gershoni et al. viii. 257 How can we be sure that Sudanese or Ethiopian dialects were not used? the world > people > ethnicities > division of mankind by physical characteristics > black person > [adjective] ?1569 T. Underdowne tr. Heliodorus (title) An Æthiopian historie. 1614 J. Selden i. v. 85 Zaga Zabo an Ethiopian Embassador to the last Emanuel K. of Portugal. 1684 T. Tryon (title page) Dialogue, between an Ethiopean or Negro-Slave, and a Christian. 1697 J. Dryden tr. Virgil Georgics iv, in tr. Virgil 134 The teeming Tide..pouring down from Ethiopian Lands. View more context for this quotation 1722 3 Sept. 2/1 Having in his Garden a plentiful Crop of Rare-Ripes, he agreed with an Ethiopian Market-Man..to bring him an Horse-load of them to Town. 1766 tr. J. Lacombe 105 This Ethiopian monarch [sc. Basilides] professed christianity. 1838 E. Bulwer-Lytton iv. i. 172 The Ethiopian guards..marched slowly in the rear. 1856 H. B. Stowe I. ii. 27 There is a wonderful and beautiful development locked up in this Ethiopian race. 1910 W. S. Davis i. 1 Their ventures in the Ethiopian caravan trade also were unprofitable. 1966 65 249 [They] entered Africa through the Ethiopean lowlands. 2001 9 Dec. (Travel section) 10/2 My trouser pockets have been pulled inside out,..and somebody is 100 birr the richer, which is a lot of money to an Ethiopian teenager. 1578 H. Lyte tr. R. Dodoens ii. xcviii. 281 The seconde Seseli..hath leaues like Juye..The stalk is blackishe..And this is counted to be the Ethiopian Seseli. 1597 J. Gerard ii. 276 In English wee haue thought good to call it the Aethiopian apple. 1640 J. Parkinson xvi. xxxv. 1439 The gum saith Dioscorides, that the Ethiopian or wilde Ollive doth yeelde, is yellow, somewhat like unto Scammony, being in small droppes. 1672 J. Evelyn in tr. R. Rapin (table) Æthiopis, Ethiopian Mullein. 1712 J. Browne tr. P. Pomet et al. I. 3 Ethiopian-Cummin [Fr. cumin d'Ethiopie ou Ethiopique] is a Plant which has Leaves like Dill. 1773 W. Hanbury II. 53/1 The Annuals that present themselves under this head, are, 1. Pot Marigold. 2. Field Marigold. 3. Jerusalem Marigold... 6. Æthiopian Naked-stalked Marigold. 1805 21 832 Ethiopian Calla. 1884 S. J. Capper in 31 July 575/4 Ethiopian lilies, which are exquisitely beautiful. 1901 L. H. Bailey xvi. 407 The Ethiopian eggplant is a coarse plant three feet high, with large lobed leaves. 1993 June 116/4 Countless dead snails downstream from a spot where village women washed clothes with Ethiopian soapberries. 2012 21 Apr. (Travel section) t12 A 50/50 mix of jet fuel and fuel made from camelina (a.k.a. false flax) and brassica carinata or Ethiopian mustard seed. 1669 R. Mason iii. v. 166 The Ethiopian Liturgy (which they pretend to have received from S. Philip) hath: O Virgin, [etc.]. 1673 R. Baxter iii. vi. 722 All the Churches throughout the world, both Greek and Latine, Ethiopian, Armenian, Protestants, &c. 1704 Table sig. I i. 3 Abuna, Ethiopian Patriarch's Title. 1764 (ed. 2) IV. 1949/1 The æthiopian liturgy, written in the old æthiopic tongue, said to be written by Dioscorus, patriarch of Alexandria. 1863 W. Smith I. 261/1 The Armenian canon..is of no critical authority; and a similar remark applies to the Aethiopian canon. 1875 W. Smith & S. Cheetham I. 163/1 A more remarkable exception to the usual Eastern practice is that of the Aethiopian Church. 1956 10 66/1 The constitution..stated that the Ethiopian Orthodox Church was the established state church. 2012 P. F. Bradshaw & M. E. Johnson v. 140 The Ethiopian Rite has traditionally been interpreted as coming almost exclusively from the Coptic Rite of Alexandria. 1794 (Royal Soc.) 84 193 Adopting, as I think it conformable to nature, five races of the human species, viz.1. the Caucasian; 2. the Mongolian; 3. the Malay; 4. the Ethiopian; 5. the American. 1834 II. 473/1 The white (or Caucasian), the yellow (or Mongolian), and the black (or Ethiopian). 1861 R. T. Hulme tr. C. H. Moquin-Tandon i. vi. 36 There is but one genus (Homo), and in this genus but one species (Sapiens). This species presents three varieties or principal races..Caucasian, Mongolian, and Ethiopian [Fr. éthiopique]. 1913 T. W. Salmon in W. A. White & S. E. Jelliffe I. vi. 252 The school geographies made us familiar with five basic races: Caucasian, Ethiopian, Mongolian, Malay, and American—or white, black, yellow, brown, and red. 2006 B. D. Baum iii. 101 Lamarck identified Caucasian, Hyperborean, Mongolian, American, Malay, and Ethiopian varieties of human beings. 1858 P. L. Sclater in 2 135 This second African division may be called the Æthiopian or Western Palæotropical Region. 1891 W. H. Flower & R. Lydekker xi. 535 The majority of the genera are Ethiopian; the type genus alone extending into the Oriental and Palæarctic regions. 1920 T. D. A. Cockerell liv. 451 Madagascar is included in the Ethiopian Region, but its biota is peculiar—so much so that some have wished to set it apart by itself. 1986 94 270 As we come to understand the Ethiopian fauna more adequately, it becomes apparent that at least three major faunas are present. 2007 G.A. Feldhamer et al. (ed. 3) v. 70/1 The Palearctic... is separated from the Ethiopian region by deserts. 1899 444/2 A correspondence has been going on between the ‘African Methodist Episcopal Church’ and the ‘Ethiopian’ Church in South Africa. 1899 Nov. 710 Ethiopian teachers sprang up on all sides who said that a native Church ought only to have its native ministry... The following extracts..give an outline of the Ethiopian movement. 1915 J. Hastings VIII. 736/2 S. Africa... The racial factor is especially in evidence in the ‘Ethiopian Movement’, composed of groups of congregations who in 1892 formally seceded from their missionary connections. 1948 B. G. M. Sundkler 53 We shall distinguish between two main types of independent Bantu Churches. I propose to call them the ‘Ethiopian’ type and the ‘Zionist’ type. 1980 D. B. Coplan 111 Whites were quick to accuse the ‘Ethiopian preachers’ of anti-White racialism. 1990 Nov. 4 Present-day examples of Ethiopian churches are the African Methodist Episcopal Church, the Presbyterian Church of Africa, the Zulu Congregational Church and the Bantu Methodist Church. 1996 in (at cited word) The Ethiopian Church of South Africa was founded in 1892 as a breakaway from the Anglican and Methodist Churches. Some of its members were later absorbed into the American Methodist Episcopal Church..and the Order of Ethiopia, while others remained independent. Compounds C1. society > leisure > the arts > performance arts > variety, etc. > performers in variety, etc. > [noun] > black minstrel 1843 7 June The day and evening performances..will give an opportunity to families to hear the unequalled musical performances of the Boston Minstrels, or Ethiopian Serenaders. 1861 H. Mayhew (new ed.) III. 190/1 There are [in London] 50 Ethiopian serenaders. 2007 A. Gussow ii. 110 These players..struck me as a weird and politically retrograde throwback to the age of cork blacking, ‘nigger minstrels’, ‘Ethiopian serenaders’... White men playing at being black. C2. 1640 J. Parkinson 1632 The Ethiopian sowre Gourde..groweth in Mozambique..on a faire great tree. 1786 J. Abercrombie III. 156 Adansonia Baobab (Bahobab.) or Æthiopian Sour Gourd. 1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore I. 17 A. digitata, the Baobab, Ethiopian Sour Gourd, or Monkey-bread. 1904 R. N. Hall & W. G. Neal (ed. 2) ix. 115 The baobab-tree (adansonia digitata) is a native of Africa, and is known as the monkey-bread tree, or African calabash, or Ethiopian sour-gourd tree. 2007 R. Watson i. 22 Several European names derive from the popularity of the pith, as..a substitute for tartaric acid—‘cream-of-tarter tree’ (kremetartboom in Afrikaans) or ‘Ethiopian sour gourd’. the world > food and drink > food > additive > spice > [noun] > pepper not from Piper nigrum > types of 1598 W. Phillip tr. J. H. van Linschoten ii. 198/2 The countrey is..abundant in golde, elephants teeth, corne, Ethiopian pepper [Du. Ethiopische Peper], rice, barly, cotten wool, and many kindes of fruits. 1633 T. Johnson (new ed.) iii. clix. 1551 The fourth called Cropiot is a small and shriuelled fruit, not much vnlike the particular ioints of the Æthiopian pepper. 1745 J. Parsons 170 Gerard... says, he was favoured with a Branch of the Ethiopian Pepper from one Dr. Stephen Bredwel. 1866 J. Lindley & T. Moore I. 564 H[abzelia] æthiopica..is often called Negro-pepper, Guinea pepper, or Ethiopian pepper, and by old authors Piper æthiopicum. 1915 (ed. 2) X. 469/1 Sometimes called Ethiopian pepper..at one time a considerable article of export from Guinea, but now seldom heard of. 2003 J. A. Duke 312 Ethiopian pepper for dysentery. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online June 2022). <  n.adj.a1325 |
