etiolatedadj.

Brit.

/ˈiːtɪə(ʊ)leɪtᵻd/, U.S.

/ˈidiəˌleɪdᵻd/

Forms: 1700s– aetiolated, 1700s– etiolated.

Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: etiolate v., -ed suffix¹.

Etymology: < etiolate v. + -ed suffix¹, after French étiolé, past participle of étioler (reflexive; of a plant) to become pale and weakened, to make (a person) pale and weak (see etiolate v.). Compare etiolation n.Compare German etioliert (1802 as †etiolirt, or earlier).

1. Chiefly Botany and Horticulture. Of a plant or plant part: in a state of etiolation; esp. weakened and abnormally pale as a result of being grown in darkness or reduced light. Also in extended use, applied to other objects which are pale in colour, or elongated and spindly in appearance.

ΘΚΠ

the world > matter > colour > state or mode of having colour > absence of colour > [adjective]

huelessc1000

whiteOE

plainc1330

uncoloured1538

undyed1538

colourless1610

blank1667

unteinted1745

achromatic1759

achromic1762

etiolated1784

tintless1789

unshaded1823

achromatous1845

untinted1849

unpigmented1853

achromatistous1878

achromous1878

achroous1878

decolorized1879

etiolized1880

untoned1897

1784 New Rev. Jan. 18 The stalk of a plant which is in darkness, whilst the plant itself is in the light, grows etiolated.

1790 W. Nicholson tr. A.-F. de Fourcroy Elements Nat. Hist. & Chem. (new ed.) I. i. 87 This phenomenon has received the name of ætiolation; and the plants on which it takes place are said to be ætiolated.

1799 H. Davy in T. Beddoes Contrib. Physical & Med. Knowl. 186 The whiteness of etiolated vegetables is occasioned by the deficiency of light.

1832 R. Mudie Pop. Guide Observ. Nature viii. 314 An etiolated potato will rise thirty feet in the dark, whereas it would not rise as many inches if exposed to the light.

1852 T. Ross tr. A. von Humboldt Personal Narr. Trav. Amer. II. xxii. 359 It is caoutchouc in a particular state, I may almost say an etiolated caoutchouc.

1936 W. Stiles Introd. Princ. Plant Physiol. viii. 175 Both pigments are present in etiolated leaves from which the chlorophylls are absent.

1972 Plant Physiol. 49 993/1 Etiolated plants are known to be more sensitive phototropically than are green ones.

2001 Times 30 May 15/5 His slender metal rods slice through space..rising up from the ground like an etiolated totem pole.

2. Of a person, the complexion, or a part of the body: pale, wan; physically weak, feeble; (also) emaciated.

ΘΚΠ

the world > life > the body > bodily shape or physique > slim shape or physique > [adjective] > thin

leanc1000

thinc1000

swonga1300

meagrea1398

empty?c1400

(as) thin (also lean, rank) as a rakec1405

macilent?a1425

rawc1425

gauntc1440

to be skin and bone (also bones)c1450

leany?a1475

swampc1480

scarrya1500

pinched1514

extenuate1528

lean-fleshed1535

carrion-lean1542

spare1548

lank1553

carrion1565

brawn-fallen1578

raw-bone1590

scraggeda1591

thin-bellied1591

rake-lean1593

bare-boned1594

forlorn1594

Lented1594

lean-looked1597

shotten herring1598

spiny1598

starved1598

thin-belly1598

raw-boned1600

larbar1603

meagry?1603

fleshless1605

scraggy1611

ballow1612

lank-leana1616

skinnya1616

hagged1616

scraggling1616

carrion-like1620

extenuated1620

thin-gutted1620

haggard1630

scrannel1638

leanisha1645

skeletontal1651

overlean1657

emaciated1665

slank1668

lathy1672

emaciate1676

nithered1691

emacerated1704

lean-looking1713

scranky1735

squinny-gut(s)1742

mauger1756

squinny1784

angular1789

etiolated1791

as thin (also lean) as a rail1795

wiry1808

slink1817

scranny1820

famine-hollowed1822

sharp featured1824

reedy1830

scrawny1833

stringy1833

lean-ribbeda1845

skeletony1852

famine-pinched1856

shelly1866

flesh-fallen1876

thinnish1884

all horn and hide1890

unfurnished1893

bone-thin1899

underweight1899

asthenic1925

skin-and-bony1935

skinny-malinky1940

skeletal1952

pencil-neck1960

the world > life > the body > skin > complexion > paleness > [adjective]

blatec1000

whiteOE

greena1275

blakec1275

bleykea1300

wana1300

palec1330

bleach1340

pale and wan (wan and pale)c1374

colourlessc1380

deadlyc1385

deadc1386

bloodlessc1450

earthlyc1460

ruddylessc1460

wan visaged?a1513

wanny1555

as pale or white as a clout1557

bleak1566

mealy1566

pale-faced1570

ghastly1574

white-faced1577

bleakish1581

pallid1590

whiggish1590

tallow-faced1592

maid-pale1597

lily1600

whey-colour1602

lew1611

roseless1611

Hippocratical1615

cadaverousa1661

Hippocratic1681

smock-faced1684

white-looked1690

livid1728

as white (or pale) as a sheet1752

squalid1753

deathly1791

etiolated1791

light-skinned1802

suety1803

shilpit1813

blanched1828

tallowy1830

suet-faced1834

pasty1836

tallowish1838

whey-faced1847

pasty-faced1848

aghast1850

waxen1853

complexionless1863

light-skin1877

lily-cheeked1877

lardy1879

wan-faced1881

exsanguinous1889

wheatish1950

1791 E. Darwin Bot. Garden I. i. Notes 94 The copper-coloured natives of sunny countries might become etiolated or blanched by being kept from their infancy in the dark.

1800 E. Darwin Phytologia xviii. 511 The etiolated young ladies of some boarding schools.

1847 C. Brontë Jane Eyre I. xv. 288 I..left a bullet in one of his poor, etiolated arms, feeble as the wing of a chicken in the pip.

1857 Eclectic Rev. June 591 The descendants of Europeans do not get dark in hot climates, but become pale and etiolated.

1871 A. Calkins Opium & Opium-appetite xi. 112 One may see on every street boys with etiolated complexion and puny limb.

1906 Alton (Illinois) Evening Tel. 11 Apr. 6/2 You're a wretched, etiolated creature.

1970 New York 29 June 58/3 When she must look etiolated with anguish and pain, she becomes utterly unglamorous.

2010 G. Esler Power Play 136 He had sallow, etiolated skin and dark circles around his eyes from overwork.

3. Of a group, quality, idea, etc.: deprived of strength, vigour, or effectiveness; weakened, enfeebled.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > [adjective] > harmed or affected detrimentally

annoyedc1330

infectc1384

palledc1390

harmedc1440

hinderedc1440

weakened1548

maimed1570

interessed1598

crazy1601

impaired1611

wronged1632

appaired1637

deboist1641

sunken1642

vitiated1660

crippled1674

wounded1692

etiolated1847

injured1857

murdered1876

dicked-up1967

1847 Chambers's Edinb. Jrnl. 6 Feb. 82/1 What a picture! England crying, ‘Come, take me!’ Poor etiolated Britons!

1866 Reader 15 Dec. 1005 Examples of the kind of etiolated theology.

1879 A. Mongredien Free Trade & Eng. Comm. (ed. 4) 26 These industries..are for the most part sickly, nerveless, and etiolated.

1918 J. G. Fletcher in Poetry Sept. 333 Ecstacy is..an etiolated echo of Oscar Wilde.

1966 B. Williams in Proc. Aristotelian Soc. Suppl. 40 2 ‘Obedience’ must be understood in a fairly etiolated sense, roughly equivalent merely to ‘corresponding action’.

2003 N. Rush Mortals xxi. 285 You had been living in the U. K. where the established church is indeed in a rather etiolated condition.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	etiolated
释义	etiolatedadj. Brit. /ˈiːtɪə(ʊ)leɪtᵻd/, U.S. /ˈidiəˌleɪdᵻd/ Forms: 1700s– aetiolated, 1700s– etiolated. Origin: Formed within English, by derivation; modelled on a French lexical item. Etymons: etiolate v., -ed suffix¹. Etymology: < etiolate v. + -ed suffix¹, after French étiolé, past participle of étioler (reflexive; of a plant) to become pale and weakened, to make (a person) pale and weak (see etiolate v.). Compare etiolation n.Compare German etioliert (1802 as †etiolirt, or earlier). 1. Chiefly Botany and Horticulture. Of a plant or plant part: in a state of etiolation; esp. weakened and abnormally pale as a result of being grown in darkness or reduced light. Also in extended use, applied to other objects which are pale in colour, or elongated and spindly in appearance. ΘΚΠ the world > matter > colour > state or mode of having colour > absence of colour > [adjective] huelessc1000 whiteOE plainc1330 uncoloured1538 undyed1538 colourless1610 blank1667 unteinted1745 achromatic1759 achromic1762 etiolated1784 tintless1789 unshaded1823 achromatous1845 untinted1849 unpigmented1853 achromatistous1878 achromous1878 achroous1878 decolorized1879 etiolized1880 untoned1897 1784 New Rev. Jan. 18 The stalk of a plant which is in darkness, whilst the plant itself is in the light, grows etiolated. 1790 W. Nicholson tr. A.-F. de Fourcroy Elements Nat. Hist. & Chem. (new ed.) I. i. 87 This phenomenon has received the name of ætiolation; and the plants on which it takes place are said to be ætiolated. 1799 H. Davy in T. Beddoes Contrib. Physical & Med. Knowl. 186 The whiteness of etiolated vegetables is occasioned by the deficiency of light. 1832 R. Mudie Pop. Guide Observ. Nature viii. 314 An etiolated potato will rise thirty feet in the dark, whereas it would not rise as many inches if exposed to the light. 1852 T. Ross tr. A. von Humboldt Personal Narr. Trav. Amer. II. xxii. 359 It is caoutchouc in a particular state, I may almost say an etiolated caoutchouc. 1936 W. Stiles Introd. Princ. Plant Physiol. viii. 175 Both pigments are present in etiolated leaves from which the chlorophylls are absent. 1972 Plant Physiol. 49 993/1 Etiolated plants are known to be more sensitive phototropically than are green ones. 2001 Times 30 May 15/5 His slender metal rods slice through space..rising up from the ground like an etiolated totem pole. 2. Of a person, the complexion, or a part of the body: pale, wan; physically weak, feeble; (also) emaciated. ΘΚΠ the world > life > the body > bodily shape or physique > slim shape or physique > [adjective] > thin leanc1000 thinc1000 swonga1300 meagrea1398 empty?c1400 (as) thin (also lean, rank) as a rakec1405 macilent?a1425 rawc1425 gauntc1440 to be skin and bone (also bones)c1450 leany?a1475 swampc1480 scarrya1500 pinched1514 extenuate1528 lean-fleshed1535 carrion-lean1542 spare1548 lank1553 carrion1565 brawn-fallen1578 raw-bone1590 scraggeda1591 thin-bellied1591 rake-lean1593 bare-boned1594 forlorn1594 Lented1594 lean-looked1597 shotten herring1598 spiny1598 starved1598 thin-belly1598 raw-boned1600 larbar1603 meagry?1603 fleshless1605 scraggy1611 ballow1612 lank-leana1616 skinnya1616 hagged1616 scraggling1616 carrion-like1620 extenuated1620 thin-gutted1620 haggard1630 scrannel1638 leanisha1645 skeletontal1651 overlean1657 emaciated1665 slank1668 lathy1672 emaciate1676 nithered1691 emacerated1704 lean-looking1713 scranky1735 squinny-gut(s)1742 mauger1756 squinny1784 angular1789 etiolated1791 as thin (also lean) as a rail1795 wiry1808 slink1817 scranny1820 famine-hollowed1822 sharp featured1824 reedy1830 scrawny1833 stringy1833 lean-ribbeda1845 skeletony1852 famine-pinched1856 shelly1866 flesh-fallen1876 thinnish1884 all horn and hide1890 unfurnished1893 bone-thin1899 underweight1899 asthenic1925 skin-and-bony1935 skinny-malinky1940 skeletal1952 pencil-neck1960 the world > life > the body > skin > complexion > paleness > [adjective] blatec1000 whiteOE greena1275 blakec1275 bleykea1300 wana1300 palec1330 bleach1340 pale and wan (wan and pale)c1374 colourlessc1380 deadlyc1385 deadc1386 bloodlessc1450 earthlyc1460 ruddylessc1460 wan visaged?a1513 wanny1555 as pale or white as a clout1557 bleak1566 mealy1566 pale-faced1570 ghastly1574 white-faced1577 bleakish1581 pallid1590 whiggish1590 tallow-faced1592 maid-pale1597 lily1600 whey-colour1602 lew1611 roseless1611 Hippocratical1615 cadaverousa1661 Hippocratic1681 smock-faced1684 white-looked1690 livid1728 as white (or pale) as a sheet1752 squalid1753 deathly1791 etiolated1791 light-skinned1802 suety1803 shilpit1813 blanched1828 tallowy1830 suet-faced1834 pasty1836 tallowish1838 whey-faced1847 pasty-faced1848 aghast1850 waxen1853 complexionless1863 light-skin1877 lily-cheeked1877 lardy1879 wan-faced1881 exsanguinous1889 wheatish1950 1791 E. Darwin Bot. Garden I. i. Notes 94 The copper-coloured natives of sunny countries might become etiolated or blanched by being kept from their infancy in the dark. 1800 E. Darwin Phytologia xviii. 511 The etiolated young ladies of some boarding schools. 1847 C. Brontë Jane Eyre I. xv. 288 I..left a bullet in one of his poor, etiolated arms, feeble as the wing of a chicken in the pip. 1857 Eclectic Rev. June 591 The descendants of Europeans do not get dark in hot climates, but become pale and etiolated. 1871 A. Calkins Opium & Opium-appetite xi. 112 One may see on every street boys with etiolated complexion and puny limb. 1906 Alton (Illinois) Evening Tel. 11 Apr. 6/2 You're a wretched, etiolated creature. 1970 New York 29 June 58/3 When she must look etiolated with anguish and pain, she becomes utterly unglamorous. 2010 G. Esler Power Play 136 He had sallow, etiolated skin and dark circles around his eyes from overwork. 3. Of a group, quality, idea, etc.: deprived of strength, vigour, or effectiveness; weakened, enfeebled. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > [adjective] > harmed or affected detrimentally annoyedc1330 infectc1384 palledc1390 harmedc1440 hinderedc1440 weakened1548 maimed1570 interessed1598 crazy1601 impaired1611 wronged1632 appaired1637 deboist1641 sunken1642 vitiated1660 crippled1674 wounded1692 etiolated1847 injured1857 murdered1876 dicked-up1967 1847 Chambers's Edinb. Jrnl. 6 Feb. 82/1 What a picture! England crying, ‘Come, take me!’ Poor etiolated Britons! 1866 Reader 15 Dec. 1005 Examples of the kind of etiolated theology. 1879 A. Mongredien Free Trade & Eng. Comm. (ed. 4) 26 These industries..are for the most part sickly, nerveless, and etiolated. 1918 J. G. Fletcher in Poetry Sept. 333 Ecstacy is..an etiolated echo of Oscar Wilde. 1966 B. Williams in Proc. Aristotelian Soc. Suppl. 40 2 ‘Obedience’ must be understood in a fairly etiolated sense, roughly equivalent merely to ‘corresponding action’. 2003 N. Rush Mortals xxi. 285 You had been living in the U. K. where the established church is indeed in a rather etiolated condition. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, March 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.1784
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