exasperateadj.

/ɛɡˈzɑːspəreɪt/

/ɛɡˈzaspəreɪt/

Etymology: < Latin exasperātus, past participle of exasperāre : see exasperate v.

In various senses of the verb.

I. Used as past participle.

1. Obsolete.

ΚΠ

1540 R. Jonas tr. E. Roesslin Byrth of Mankynde ii. f. lxiii^v Yf it so be that the coughe haue exasperat and made roughe the tounge.

1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance xxxix. f. 95^v Wherewith they beinge exasperate..went vnto two gentilmen dwellynge hereby.

1585 H. Llwyd tr. Pope John XXI Treasury of Health (new ed.) sig. H viij Apply vnto the head beyng shauen: mustarde seed, & the skynne shalbe exasperate and the rewme dryed.

1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. xiv. v. 8 This rigor of his..was much more exasperate by information given of certain offensive crimes.

a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) iii. vi. 38 This report Hath so exasperate their King, that hee Prepares for some attempt of Warre.

II. Used adjectivally.

2. Botany. Rough; covered with short stiff points.

ΚΠ

1866 in J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot.

1884 in New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon

3. = exasperated adj. 2 archaic.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > anger > [adjective]

irrec825

gramec893

wemodc897

wrothc950

bolghenc1000

gramelyc1000

hotOE

on fireOE

brathc1175

moodyc1175

to-bollenc1175

wrethfulc1175

wraw?c1225

agrameda1300

wrathfula1300

agremedc1300

hastivec1300

irousa1340

wretheda1340

aniredc1350

felonc1374

angryc1380

upreareda1382

jealous1382

crousea1400

grieveda1400

irefula1400

mada1400

teena1400

wraweda1400

wretthy14..

angryc1405

errevousa1420

wrothy1422

angereda1425

passionatec1425

fumous1430

tangylc1440

heavy1452

fire angry1490

wrothsomea1529

angerful?1533

wrothful?1534

wrath1535

provoked1538

warm1547

vibrant1575

chauffe1582

fuming1582

enfeloned1596

incensed1597

choleric1598

inflameda1600

raiseda1600

exasperate1601

angried1609

exasperated1611

dispassionate1635

bristlinga1639

peltish1648

sultry1671

on (also upon) the high ropes (also rope)1672

nangry1681

ugly1687

sorea1694

glimflashy1699

enraged1732

spunky1809

cholerous1822

kwaai1827

wrathy1828

angersome1834

outraged1836

irate1838

vex1843

raring1845

waxy1853

stiff1856

scotty1867

bristly1872

hot under the collar1879

black angry1894

spitfire1894

passionful1901

ignorant1913

hairy1914

snaky1919

steamed1923

uptight1934

broigus1937

lemony1941

ripped1941

pissed1943

crooked1945

teed off1955

ticked off1959

ripe1966

torqued1967

bummed1970

the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > [adjective] > more painful

exasperate1601

subtile1718

the world > relative properties > quantity > increase in quantity, amount, or degree > [adjective] > increasing in intensity or degree > increased in intensity or degree

strengthened1578

intended1590

exasperate1601

intenseda1658

aggrandized1689

heightened1701

intensated1831

intensified1862

stepped1933

1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxv. ii. 211 Some diseases would be more exasperat and angrie.

1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida v. i. 27 The. Do I curse thee. Pat. Why no... The. No why art thou then exasperate .

1622 F. Bacon Hist. Raigne Henry VII 79 Matters grew more exasperate betweene the two kings of England and France.

1796 R. Southey Joan of Arc ii. 190 To the exasperate patience of the foe [we opposed] Desperate endurance.

1854 Tait's Edinb. Mag. 21 167 He pours out the whole full flood, fiery and exasperate, of his emotions.

1856 E. B. Browning Aurora Leigh iv. 177 Swallows, which the exasperate, dying year Sets spinning in black circles.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online June 2022).

exasperatev.

/ɛɡˈzɑːspəreɪt/

/ɛɡˈzaspəreɪt/

Forms: Also 1500s–1600s exasperat.

Etymology: < Latin exasperāt- participial stem of exasperāre to roughen, irritate, < ex- (see ex- prefix¹) + asper rough.

†1. To make harsh or rugged; to add harshness to (language, sounds, etc.); to render (laws) more severe. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > strictness > make more strict or severe [verb (transitive)]

exasperate1597

sharpen1709

straiten1751

tighten1897

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > quality of voice > impart specific tone or quality [verb (transitive)] > render hoarse

exasperate1597

crack1602

hoarsen1748

asperate1858

hoarse1877

the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > unpleasant quality > harsh or discordant quality > harsh or discordant [verb (transitive)] > make harsh

exasperate1597

harshen1824

1597 T. Morley Plaine & Easie Introd. Musicke 177 Cadences bound with the fourth or seuenth..being in long notes will exasperat the harmonie.

1634 R. H. tr. Regim. Salerni 155 Nuts..exasperate the voyce and make it like a Cranes voyce.

1643 J. Milton Doctr. Divorce 40 Not considering that the law should be exasperated according to our estimation of the injury.

1651 W. G. tr. J. Cowell Inst. Lawes Eng. 264 So great hath been the bloody wickednesse of these times, that this Law hath been somewhat more exasperated.

1692 Christ Exalted 99 Our Translators do rather mollifie, than exasperate, the word timeas, and say, Thou hast aborred.

1765 J. Beattie Verses Charles Churchill 11 Did hate to vice exasperate thy style? No—Churchill match'd the vilest of the vile.

a. To increase the fierceness or violence of (a disease, pain, appetite, etc.). Now with mixed notion of 3, 4.

ΘΚΠ

the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > severity > make more severe [verb (transitive)]

gregge1340

aggrievea1425

aggravec1475

aggregec1540

aggravate1576

inflame1607

exasperate1611

to set forward(s)1611

exacerbate1660

sharpen1768

nettle1821

compound1961

the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > characteristics > characterize a disease [verb (transitive)] > increase severity of

exasperate1611

the mind > will > wish or inclination > desire > [verb (transitive)] > stimulate or strengthen (desire)

tickle1548

whetten1582

eneager1594

keen1599

exasperate1850

1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Aigrun, any thing that encreases, or exasperates, a disease, or sore.

a1677 I. Barrow Several Serm. Evil-speaking (1678) 153 Rubbing the soar doth tend to exasperate and inflame it.

1710 T. Fuller Pharmacopœia Extemporanea 197 All the other Symptoms will be exasperated by the tumult which Evacuations cause.

1783 P. Pott Chirurg. Wks. (new ed.) II. 311 Scirrhus or cancer..was exasperated, and made worse by it.

1843 W. H. Prescott Hist. Conquest Mexico II. v. v. 408 Two injuries on the head; one of which was so much exasperated by his subsequent fatigues.

1850 T. T. Lynch Memorials Theophilus Trinal v. 83 If we do not heed the claim of the different appetites..we exasperate them.

†b. To make more grievous or painful; to aggravate. Also, to represent as worse; to exaggerate, magnify. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > exaggeration, hyperbole > exaggerate [verb (transitive)]

flatter?c1225

engregec1386

enhancec1400

extol?1504

extend1509

aggravate1533

exagger1535

blowa1538

amplify1561

exasperate1561

bombast1566

aggerate1570

enlarge1592

rengrege1601

exaggerate1604

magnify1605

hyperbolize1609

to slobber over ——1761

bloat1896

over-heighten1904

overpitch1904

overblow1961

inflate1982

the mind > emotion > suffering > cause of mental pain or suffering > exacerbation of suffering > exacerbate suffering [verb (transitive)]

sauce?1518

exasperate1561

aggravate1576

inasperate1592

to set forward1611

exacerbate1660

aggregea1678

sharpen1768

embitter1781

nettle1821

exaggerate1850

1561 J. Daus tr. H. Bullinger Hundred Serm. vpon Apocalips xi. 79 He speaketh modestly, least by exasperatinge ouer muche the sinne and errour in the faithfull, he shoulde..discourage them vtterly.

1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. vi. 167 Why didst thou..Create These harmefull Beasts, which but exasperate Our thorny life?

a1639 H. Wotton Earle of Essex & Duke of Buckingham: Parallel in Reliquiæ Wottonianæ (1651) 33 Not to exasperate the Case of my Lord of Southampton.

1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica vii. xvii. 376 Judas..having sinned beyond aggravation, and committed one villany which cannot bee exasperated by all other.

1681 London Gaz. No. 1625/1 They of Liege do every day more and more exasperate things.

1750 S. Johnson Rambler No. 73. ⁋5 This visionary opulence..exasperated our necessities.

3. To embitter, intensify (ill-feeling, passion, wickedness.) Now chiefly with mixed notion of 4. Also, in good sense: †To heighten (courage).

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > suffering > mental anguish or torment > bitterness of heart > cause bitterness of heart to [verb (transitive)] > make bitter

exasperate1548

fester?1548

embittera1677

out-sharpen1864

1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Matt. ii. f. 26^v That..the vngodlines of Herode..might more and more be exasperated.

1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. iv. vii. §1. 294 The Roman Dictator..to exasperate his Souldiers courage, threw their owne Ensignes amidst the Enemie.

1677 T. Otway Titus & Berenice iii. i. sig. E2^v Why come you thus t'exasperate my despair?

1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1773 I. 413 [Johnson:] The pride of a common man is very little exasperated by the supposed usurpation of an acknowledged superiour.

1795 W. Paley View Evidences Christianity (ed. 3) II. ii. ix. 280 These feuds were exasperated by the mutual persecutions of the Jews and Christians.

1855 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Philip II of Spain I. iv. vii. 490 His naturally wild and headstrong temper was exasperated by disease.

a. To irritate (a person); to provoke to anger; to enrage, incense. Const. to, also to with infinitive.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > anger > [verb (transitive)] > make angry

wrethec900

abelgheeOE

abaeileOE

teenOE

i-wrathec1075

wratha1200

awratha1250

gramec1275

forthcalla1300

excitea1340

grieve1362

movea1382

achafea1400

craba1400

angerc1400

mada1425

provokec1425

forwrecchec1450

wrothc1450

arage1470

incensea1513

puff1526

angry1530

despite1530

exasperate1534

exasper1545

stunt1583

pepper1599

enfever1647

nanger1675

to put or set up the back1728

roil1742

outrage1818

to put a person's monkey up1833

to get one's back up1840

to bring one's nap up1843

rouse1843

to get a person's shirt out1844

heat1855

to steam up1860

to get one's rag out1862

steam1922

to burn up1923

to flip out1964

1534 T. More Let. in Wks. (1557) 1429/2 I should..but further exasperate hys highnes.

1586–7 King James VI Let. 26 Jan. in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) III. 19 If I shall persist in that course ye shall rather be exasperattet to passionis in reading the uordis.

1625 J. Shirley Traytor iv. i I did exasperate you to kill or murder him.

1768 B. Franklin in Gentleman's Mag. Apr. 156/1 The poor are..exasperated against the rich, and excited to insurrections.

1773 O. Goldsmith She stoops to Conquer iv. 84 You know my hasty temper, and should not exasperate it.

1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian iv, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. I. 97 The burghers..were greatly exasperated at the unexpected respite.

1819 P. B. Shelley Cenci ii. ii. 30 Thus he is exasperated to ill.

1867 R. W. Emerson Progr. Culture in Wks. (1906) III. 236 In England..the game laws..exasperated the farmers to carry the Reform Bill.

reflexive.1547 A. Borde Breuiary of Helthe i. Prol. f. ii Exasperate nat your selfe againste me for makynge of this lytle volume of phisicke.1871 S. Smiles Character vi. 175 We shall not mend matters by exasperating ourselves against them.absolute.1606 G. W. tr. Justinus Hist. 100 a Phillip exasperated what he could do, to perswade the Etolians to ioyn warre with him.1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. ii. v. §5. 303 Not knowing whether such a deniall might satisfie or exasperate.1645 J. Milton Tetrachordon To Parl. sig. A2 Those who ceas'd not to exasperate without cause.

b. transferred.

ΚΠ

1654 R. Codrington tr. Justinus Hist. 67 Injury on this side, and indignitie on the other side did exasperate their swords.

1865 C. Merivale Hist. Romans under Empire (new ed.) VIII. lxiii. 30 The stream..foams in a furious torrent, exasperated by the rocky ledges which at some points intercept its course.

†5. To irritate physically; to render sore, chafe.

ΘΚΠ

the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > types of pain > affect with type of pain [verb (transitive)] > irritate

anger?a1425

ranklec1450

exasperate1552

prorite1574

annoy1576

vellicate1604

proritate1620

irritate1674

aggravate1835

1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Exasperate, vlcero.

1610 G. Markham Maister-peece ii. clxxiii. 494 Though it [myrrh] doth cleanse much, yet it doth not exasperate the arteries.

1621 T. Venner Treat. Tobacco (1650) 411 Not sucking it with a sudden or strong attraction: for then it will exasperate the winde pipe.

a1682 Sir T. Browne Certain Misc. Tracts (1683) iv. 105 The Mugil being somewhat rough and hard skinned, did more exasperate the gutts of such offenders.

†6. intransitive.

a. Of persons: To become enraged or incensed. Cf. sense 4. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > emotion > anger > [verb (intransitive)] > become angry

wrethec900

wrothc975

abelghec1300

to move one's blood (also mood)c1330

to peck moodc1330

gremec1460

to take firea1513

fumec1522

sourdc1540

spitec1560

to set up the heckle1601

fire1604

exasperate1659

to fire up1779

to flash up1822

to get one's dander up1831

to fly (occasionally jump, etc.) off (at) the handle1832

to have (also get) one's monkey up1833

to cut up rough, rusty, savage1837

rile1837

to go off the handle1839

to flare up1840

to set one's back up1845

to run hot1855

to wax up1859

to get one's rag out1862

blow1871

to get (also have) the pricker1871

to turn up rough1872

to get the needle1874

to blaze up1878

to get wet1898

spunk1898

to see red1901

to go crook1911

to get ignorant1913

to hit the ceiling1914

to hit the roof1921

to blow one's top1928

to lose one's rag1928

to lose one's haira1930

to go up in smoke1933

hackle1935

to have, get a cob on1937

to pop (also blow) one's cork1938

to go hostile1941

to go sparec1942

to do one's bun1944

to lose one's wool1944

to blow one's stack1947

to go (also do) one's (also a) dingerc1950

rear1953

to get on ignorant1956

to go through the roof1958

to keep (also blow, lose) one's cool1964

to lose ita1969

to blow a gasket1975

to throw a wobbler1985

1659 P. Heylyn Examen Historicum Introd. §8 The University of Oxford frequently quarrelled and exasperated, upon slight occasions.

b. Of things: To become worse or more serious. Cf. sense 2b. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > exaggeration, hyperbole > exaggerate [verb (intransitive)]

overreacha1568

outlash1611

overlavish1625

exasperate1632

out-throwa1680

exceed1717

1632 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi Eromena 94 The more his external wounds healed, the more did his internall exasperate and fret.

1645 J. Howell Epistolæ Ho-elianæ ii. xv. 22 Notwithstanding..that matters began to exasperat more and more,..he would abate nothing.

c. Of a disease, etc.: To increase in violence or severity. Cf. sense 2. Obsolete.

ΘΚΠ

the world > relative properties > quantity > increase in quantity, amount, or degree > [verb (intransitive)] > in intensity or degree

waxc897

reforce1490

rise1594

fortify1605

strengthena1616

harden1625

intend1655

thicken1672

exasperate1742

intensify1853

thick1879

to hot up1922

to build up1936

1742 R. North & M. North Life F. North 83 The Distemper exasperated, till it was manifest she could not last many Weeks.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online December 2020).

单词	exasperate
释义	exasperateadj. /ɛɡˈzɑːspəreɪt//ɛɡˈzaspəreɪt/ Etymology: < Latin exasperātus, past participle of exasperāre : see exasperate v. In various senses of the verb. I. Used as past participle. 1. Obsolete. ΚΠ 1540 R. Jonas tr. E. Roesslin Byrth of Mankynde ii. f. lxiii^v Yf it so be that the coughe haue exasperat and made roughe the tounge. 1541 T. Elyot Image of Gouernance xxxix. f. 95^v Wherewith they beinge exasperate..went vnto two gentilmen dwellynge hereby. 1585 H. Llwyd tr. Pope John XXI Treasury of Health (new ed.) sig. H viij Apply vnto the head beyng shauen: mustarde seed, & the skynne shalbe exasperate and the rewme dryed. 1609 P. Holland tr. Ammianus Marcellinus Rom. Hist. xiv. v. 8 This rigor of his..was much more exasperate by information given of certain offensive crimes. a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) iii. vi. 38 This report Hath so exasperate their King, that hee Prepares for some attempt of Warre. View more context for this quotation II. Used adjectivally. 2. Botany. Rough; covered with short stiff points. ΚΠ 1866 in J. Lindley & T. Moore Treasury Bot. 1884 in New Sydenham Soc. Lexicon 3. = exasperated adj. 2 archaic. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > anger > [adjective] irrec825 gramec893 wemodc897 wrothc950 bolghenc1000 gramelyc1000 hotOE on fireOE brathc1175 moodyc1175 to-bollenc1175 wrethfulc1175 wraw?c1225 agrameda1300 wrathfula1300 agremedc1300 hastivec1300 irousa1340 wretheda1340 aniredc1350 felonc1374 angryc1380 upreareda1382 jealous1382 crousea1400 grieveda1400 irefula1400 mada1400 teena1400 wraweda1400 wretthy14.. angryc1405 errevousa1420 wrothy1422 angereda1425 passionatec1425 fumous1430 tangylc1440 heavy1452 fire angry1490 wrothsomea1529 angerful?1533 wrothful?1534 wrath1535 provoked1538 warm1547 vibrant1575 chauffe1582 fuming1582 enfeloned1596 incensed1597 choleric1598 inflameda1600 raiseda1600 exasperate1601 angried1609 exasperated1611 dispassionate1635 bristlinga1639 peltish1648 sultry1671 on (also upon) the high ropes (also rope)1672 nangry1681 ugly1687 sorea1694 glimflashy1699 enraged1732 spunky1809 cholerous1822 kwaai1827 wrathy1828 angersome1834 outraged1836 irate1838 vex1843 raring1845 waxy1853 stiff1856 scotty1867 bristly1872 hot under the collar1879 black angry1894 spitfire1894 passionful1901 ignorant1913 hairy1914 snaky1919 steamed1923 uptight1934 broigus1937 lemony1941 ripped1941 pissed1943 crooked1945 teed off1955 ticked off1959 ripe1966 torqued1967 bummed1970 the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > [adjective] > more painful exasperate1601 subtile1718 the world > relative properties > quantity > increase in quantity, amount, or degree > [adjective] > increasing in intensity or degree > increased in intensity or degree strengthened1578 intended1590 exasperate1601 intenseda1658 aggrandized1689 heightened1701 intensated1831 intensified1862 stepped1933 1601 P. Holland tr. Pliny Hist. World II. xxv. ii. 211 Some diseases would be more exasperat and angrie. 1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida v. i. 27 The. Do I curse thee. Pat. Why no... The. No why art thou then exasperate . View more context for this quotation 1622 F. Bacon Hist. Raigne Henry VII 79 Matters grew more exasperate betweene the two kings of England and France. 1796 R. Southey Joan of Arc ii. 190 To the exasperate patience of the foe [we opposed] Desperate endurance. 1854 Tait's Edinb. Mag. 21 167 He pours out the whole full flood, fiery and exasperate, of his emotions. 1856 E. B. Browning Aurora Leigh iv. 177 Swallows, which the exasperate, dying year Sets spinning in black circles. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online June 2022). exasperatev. /ɛɡˈzɑːspəreɪt//ɛɡˈzaspəreɪt/ Forms: Also 1500s–1600s exasperat. Etymology: < Latin exasperāt- participial stem of exasperāre to roughen, irritate, < ex- (see ex- prefix¹) + asper rough. †1. To make harsh or rugged; to add harshness to (language, sounds, etc.); to render (laws) more severe. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ society > authority > strictness > make more strict or severe [verb (transitive)] exasperate1597 sharpen1709 straiten1751 tighten1897 the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > voice or vocal sound > quality of voice > impart specific tone or quality [verb (transitive)] > render hoarse exasperate1597 crack1602 hoarsen1748 asperate1858 hoarse1877 the world > physical sensation > hearing and noise > degree, kind, or quality of sound > unpleasant quality > harsh or discordant quality > harsh or discordant [verb (transitive)] > make harsh exasperate1597 harshen1824 1597 T. Morley Plaine & Easie Introd. Musicke 177 Cadences bound with the fourth or seuenth..being in long notes will exasperat the harmonie. 1634 R. H. tr. Regim. Salerni 155 Nuts..exasperate the voyce and make it like a Cranes voyce. 1643 J. Milton Doctr. Divorce 40 Not considering that the law should be exasperated according to our estimation of the injury. 1651 W. G. tr. J. Cowell Inst. Lawes Eng. 264 So great hath been the bloody wickednesse of these times, that this Law hath been somewhat more exasperated. 1692 Christ Exalted 99 Our Translators do rather mollifie, than exasperate, the word timeas, and say, Thou hast aborred. 1765 J. Beattie Verses Charles Churchill 11 Did hate to vice exasperate thy style? No—Churchill match'd the vilest of the vile. 2. a. To increase the fierceness or violence of (a disease, pain, appetite, etc.). Now with mixed notion of 3, 4. ΘΚΠ the world > action or operation > manner of action > violent action or operation > severity > make more severe [verb (transitive)] gregge1340 aggrievea1425 aggravec1475 aggregec1540 aggravate1576 inflame1607 exasperate1611 to set forward(s)1611 exacerbate1660 sharpen1768 nettle1821 compound1961 the world > health and disease > ill health > a disease > characteristics > characterize a disease [verb (transitive)] > increase severity of exasperate1611 the mind > will > wish or inclination > desire > [verb (transitive)] > stimulate or strengthen (desire) tickle1548 whetten1582 eneager1594 keen1599 exasperate1850 1611 R. Cotgrave Dict. French & Eng. Tongues Aigrun, any thing that encreases, or exasperates, a disease, or sore. a1677 I. Barrow Several Serm. Evil-speaking (1678) 153 Rubbing the soar doth tend to exasperate and inflame it. 1710 T. Fuller Pharmacopœia Extemporanea 197 All the other Symptoms will be exasperated by the tumult which Evacuations cause. 1783 P. Pott Chirurg. Wks. (new ed.) II. 311 Scirrhus or cancer..was exasperated, and made worse by it. 1843 W. H. Prescott Hist. Conquest Mexico II. v. v. 408 Two injuries on the head; one of which was so much exasperated by his subsequent fatigues. 1850 T. T. Lynch Memorials Theophilus Trinal v. 83 If we do not heed the claim of the different appetites..we exasperate them. †b. To make more grievous or painful; to aggravate. Also, to represent as worse; to exaggerate, magnify. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > exaggeration, hyperbole > exaggerate [verb (transitive)] flatter?c1225 engregec1386 enhancec1400 extol?1504 extend1509 aggravate1533 exagger1535 blowa1538 amplify1561 exasperate1561 bombast1566 aggerate1570 enlarge1592 rengrege1601 exaggerate1604 magnify1605 hyperbolize1609 to slobber over ——1761 bloat1896 over-heighten1904 overpitch1904 overblow1961 inflate1982 the mind > emotion > suffering > cause of mental pain or suffering > exacerbation of suffering > exacerbate suffering [verb (transitive)] sauce?1518 exasperate1561 aggravate1576 inasperate1592 to set forward1611 exacerbate1660 aggregea1678 sharpen1768 embitter1781 nettle1821 exaggerate1850 1561 J. Daus tr. H. Bullinger Hundred Serm. vpon Apocalips xi. 79 He speaketh modestly, least by exasperatinge ouer muche the sinne and errour in the faithfull, he shoulde..discourage them vtterly. 1605 J. Sylvester tr. G. de S. Du Bartas Deuine Weekes & Wks. i. vi. 167 Why didst thou..Create These harmefull Beasts, which but exasperate Our thorny life? a1639 H. Wotton Earle of Essex & Duke of Buckingham: Parallel in Reliquiæ Wottonianæ (1651) 33 Not to exasperate the Case of my Lord of Southampton. 1646 Sir T. Browne Pseudodoxia Epidemica vii. xvii. 376 Judas..having sinned beyond aggravation, and committed one villany which cannot bee exasperated by all other. View more context for this quotation 1681 London Gaz. No. 1625/1 They of Liege do every day more and more exasperate things. 1750 S. Johnson Rambler No. 73. ⁋5 This visionary opulence..exasperated our necessities. 3. To embitter, intensify (ill-feeling, passion, wickedness.) Now chiefly with mixed notion of 4. Also, in good sense: †To heighten (courage). ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > suffering > mental anguish or torment > bitterness of heart > cause bitterness of heart to [verb (transitive)] > make bitter exasperate1548 fester?1548 embittera1677 out-sharpen1864 1548 N. Udall et al. tr. Erasmus Paraphr. Newe Test. I. Matt. ii. f. 26^v That..the vngodlines of Herode..might more and more be exasperated. 1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. iv. vii. §1. 294 The Roman Dictator..to exasperate his Souldiers courage, threw their owne Ensignes amidst the Enemie. 1677 T. Otway Titus & Berenice iii. i. sig. E2^v Why come you thus t'exasperate my despair? 1791 J. Boswell Life Johnson anno 1773 I. 413 [Johnson:] The pride of a common man is very little exasperated by the supposed usurpation of an acknowledged superiour. 1795 W. Paley View Evidences Christianity (ed. 3) II. ii. ix. 280 These feuds were exasperated by the mutual persecutions of the Jews and Christians. 1855 W. H. Prescott Hist. Reign Philip II of Spain I. iv. vii. 490 His naturally wild and headstrong temper was exasperated by disease. 4. a. To irritate (a person); to provoke to anger; to enrage, incense. Const. to, also to with infinitive. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > anger > [verb (transitive)] > make angry wrethec900 abelgheeOE abaeileOE teenOE i-wrathec1075 wratha1200 awratha1250 gramec1275 forthcalla1300 excitea1340 grieve1362 movea1382 achafea1400 craba1400 angerc1400 mada1425 provokec1425 forwrecchec1450 wrothc1450 arage1470 incensea1513 puff1526 angry1530 despite1530 exasperate1534 exasper1545 stunt1583 pepper1599 enfever1647 nanger1675 to put or set up the back1728 roil1742 outrage1818 to put a person's monkey up1833 to get one's back up1840 to bring one's nap up1843 rouse1843 to get a person's shirt out1844 heat1855 to steam up1860 to get one's rag out1862 steam1922 to burn up1923 to flip out1964 1534 T. More Let. in Wks. (1557) 1429/2 I should..but further exasperate hys highnes. 1586–7 King James VI Let. 26 Jan. in H. Ellis Orig. Lett. Eng. Hist. (1824) III. 19 If I shall persist in that course ye shall rather be exasperattet to passionis in reading the uordis. 1625 J. Shirley Traytor iv. i I did exasperate you to kill or murder him. 1768 B. Franklin in Gentleman's Mag. Apr. 156/1 The poor are..exasperated against the rich, and excited to insurrections. 1773 O. Goldsmith She stoops to Conquer iv. 84 You know my hasty temper, and should not exasperate it. 1818 W. Scott Heart of Mid-Lothian iv, in Tales of my Landlord 2nd Ser. I. 97 The burghers..were greatly exasperated at the unexpected respite. 1819 P. B. Shelley Cenci ii. ii. 30 Thus he is exasperated to ill. 1867 R. W. Emerson Progr. Culture in Wks. (1906) III. 236 In England..the game laws..exasperated the farmers to carry the Reform Bill. reflexive.1547 A. Borde Breuiary of Helthe i. Prol. f. ii Exasperate nat your selfe againste me for makynge of this lytle volume of phisicke.1871 S. Smiles Character vi. 175 We shall not mend matters by exasperating ourselves against them.absolute.1606 G. W. tr. Justinus Hist. 100 a Phillip exasperated what he could do, to perswade the Etolians to ioyn warre with him.1614 W. Raleigh Hist. World i. ii. v. §5. 303 Not knowing whether such a deniall might satisfie or exasperate.1645 J. Milton Tetrachordon To Parl. sig. A2 Those who ceas'd not to exasperate without cause. b. transferred. ΚΠ 1654 R. Codrington tr. Justinus Hist. 67 Injury on this side, and indignitie on the other side did exasperate their swords. 1865 C. Merivale Hist. Romans under Empire (new ed.) VIII. lxiii. 30 The stream..foams in a furious torrent, exasperated by the rocky ledges which at some points intercept its course. †5. To irritate physically; to render sore, chafe. ΘΚΠ the world > health and disease > ill health > pain > types of pain > affect with type of pain [verb (transitive)] > irritate anger?a1425 ranklec1450 exasperate1552 prorite1574 annoy1576 vellicate1604 proritate1620 irritate1674 aggravate1835 1552 R. Huloet Abcedarium Anglico Latinum Exasperate, vlcero. 1610 G. Markham Maister-peece ii. clxxiii. 494 Though it [myrrh] doth cleanse much, yet it doth not exasperate the arteries. 1621 T. Venner Treat. Tobacco (1650) 411 Not sucking it with a sudden or strong attraction: for then it will exasperate the winde pipe. a1682 Sir T. Browne Certain Misc. Tracts (1683) iv. 105 The Mugil being somewhat rough and hard skinned, did more exasperate the gutts of such offenders. †6. intransitive. a. Of persons: To become enraged or incensed. Cf. sense 4. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > emotion > anger > [verb (intransitive)] > become angry wrethec900 wrothc975 abelghec1300 to move one's blood (also mood)c1330 to peck moodc1330 gremec1460 to take firea1513 fumec1522 sourdc1540 spitec1560 to set up the heckle1601 fire1604 exasperate1659 to fire up1779 to flash up1822 to get one's dander up1831 to fly (occasionally jump, etc.) off (at) the handle1832 to have (also get) one's monkey up1833 to cut up rough, rusty, savage1837 rile1837 to go off the handle1839 to flare up1840 to set one's back up1845 to run hot1855 to wax up1859 to get one's rag out1862 blow1871 to get (also have) the pricker1871 to turn up rough1872 to get the needle1874 to blaze up1878 to get wet1898 spunk1898 to see red1901 to go crook1911 to get ignorant1913 to hit the ceiling1914 to hit the roof1921 to blow one's top1928 to lose one's rag1928 to lose one's haira1930 to go up in smoke1933 hackle1935 to have, get a cob on1937 to pop (also blow) one's cork1938 to go hostile1941 to go sparec1942 to do one's bun1944 to lose one's wool1944 to blow one's stack1947 to go (also do) one's (also a) dingerc1950 rear1953 to get on ignorant1956 to go through the roof1958 to keep (also blow, lose) one's cool1964 to lose ita1969 to blow a gasket1975 to throw a wobbler1985 1659 P. Heylyn Examen Historicum Introd. §8 The University of Oxford frequently quarrelled and exasperated, upon slight occasions. b. Of things: To become worse or more serious. Cf. sense 2b. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the mind > mental capacity > knowledge > conformity with what is known, truth > exaggeration, hyperbole > exaggerate [verb (intransitive)] overreacha1568 outlash1611 overlavish1625 exasperate1632 out-throwa1680 exceed1717 1632 J. Hayward tr. G. F. Biondi Eromena 94 The more his external wounds healed, the more did his internall exasperate and fret. 1645 J. Howell Epistolæ Ho-elianæ ii. xv. 22 Notwithstanding..that matters began to exasperat more and more,..he would abate nothing. c. Of a disease, etc.: To increase in violence or severity. Cf. sense 2. Obsolete. ΘΚΠ the world > relative properties > quantity > increase in quantity, amount, or degree > [verb (intransitive)] > in intensity or degree waxc897 reforce1490 rise1594 fortify1605 strengthena1616 harden1625 intend1655 thicken1672 exasperate1742 intensify1853 thick1879 to hot up1922 to build up1936 1742 R. North & M. North Life F. North 83 The Distemper exasperated, till it was manifest she could not last many Weeks. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online December 2020). < adj.1540v.1534
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