exposuren.
/ᵻkˈspəʊʒə/, /ɛkˈspəʊʒə/, U.S. /ɪkˈspoʊʒər/, /ɛkˈspoʊʒər/ 1. The action of exposing; the fact or state of being exposed.
a. The action of uncovering or leaving without shelter or defence; unsheltered or undefended condition. Also, the action of subjecting, the state or fact of being subjected, to any external influence.
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the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > [noun] > liability to harm, loss, etc. > action or condition of exposure to harm
exposure1609
exposturea1616
exposement1632
the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > covering > uncovering > [noun] > action or fact of exposing to view, the elements, etc.
exposure1609
exposturea1616
exposal1651
shelterlessnessc1878
the world > action or operation > operation upon something > [noun] > subjecting to an action or process
subjecting1585
exposure1796
processing1876
reprocessing1885
pre-exposure1912
1609 W. Shakespeare Troilus & Cressida i. iii. 195 To weaken our discredit, our exposure How ranke so euer rounded in with danger.
1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §324 The ball..notwithstanding its exposure..appears as bright as it did the first day it was screwed on.
1796 E. Burke Let. to Noble Lord in Wks. (1815) VIII. 44 Whatever in his pedigree has been dulcified by an exposure to the influence of heaven.
1802 W. Paley Nat. Theol. xvi. 304 So unusual an exposure of the globe of the eye.
1807 Med. & Physical Jrnl. 17 233 The eruption..appeared in consequence of her exposure to the variolous infection.
1844 T. J. Graham Mod. Domest. Med. (ed. 9) 579 Free exposure to cold is highly serviceable in small pox.
1856 E. K. Kane Arctic Explor. II. xv. 165 Days and nights of adventurous exposure and recurring disaster.
1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) 66 After exposure, the acid is found to be weaker.
1879 Cassell's Techn. Educator (new ed.) III. 1 The exposure of the plate to light is continued for the requisite time.
b. The action of abandoning (an infant).
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the world > life > death > killing > killing of type of person > [noun] > of infants > by abandonment
exposition1581
exposing1732
exposure1863
1863 J. W. Draper Intell. Devel. Europe (1865) v. 117 He recommends the exposure of deformed and sickly infants.
c. Presentation or disclosure to view; public exhibition, esp. of goods for sale.
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society > communication > manifestation > showing to the sight > exposure to public view > [noun]
exposurea1616
insolation1655
airing1832
a1616 W. Shakespeare Macbeth (1623) ii. iii. 126 When we haue our naked Frailties hid, That suffer in exposure . View more context for this quotation
1853 Chambers's Jrnl. Oct. The exposure of ordinary goods in a store is not more open to the public than are the sales of slaves in Richmond.
1874 J. R. Green Short Hist. Eng. People viii. 514 Prynne and his fellow pamphleteers..listened with defiance to their sentence of exposure in the pillory.
1885 Law Rep.: Queen's Bench Div. 14 251 Those Acts expressly prohibit the exposure for sale of goods in those streets.
d. The action of bringing to light (something discreditable); the unmasking or ‘showing up’ of an error, fraud, or evil, of an impostor or secret offender.
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society > communication > manifestation > disclosure or revelation > [noun] > a disclosure > of something discreditable
air1622
exposition1649
exposé1809
show-up1824
exposure1826
1826 B. Disraeli Vivian Grey I. ii. v. 120 By this unfortunate exposure..Lorraine was obliged to give in a match..with..Miss Mexico.
1870 J. H. Burton Hist. Scotl. to 1688 VII. lxxii. 103 The exposure of the forgery makes a dramatic scene.
1872 J. Morley Voltaire iii. 119 The exposure of Mahomet would have been counted a glorification of the rival creed.
e. Photography. The exposing of a sensitized surface to the action of actinic rays (see expose v. 5c); also, the time occupied by this action. Also attributive, as exposure meter n. a device that indicates the correct time to allow a film, etc., to be exposed.
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society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > action of taking photograph > [noun] > exposing
exposure1839
time exposure1870
multiple exposure1916
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > action of taking photograph > technical factors > [noun] > filter factor or scale of exposure
exposure1839
time exposure1870
inertiac1886
latitude1889
factor1900
filter factor1904
inertia point1907
intermittency effect1907
Scheiner number1911
scale1920
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > camera > parts and accessories of camera > [noun] > meters
photographometer1848
heliograph1851
actinometer1866
sensitometer1880
light meter1889
exposure meter1891
iconometer1894
extinction meter1931
1839 Visitor 479/1 Living objects, if they remain motionless during the short periods of exposure, are given with perfect fidelity.
1847 Philos. Trans. (Royal Soc.) 137 256 After ten seconds of exposure I put the prepared plate in the mercury box.
1853 P. H. Delamotte Pract. Photogr. 18 Instantaneous exposure to the image in the focus of the lens is sufficient to obtain a good picture.
1878 W. de W. Abney Treat. Photogr. xxxi. 246 As regards the exposure to be given to a picture.
1891 Anthony's Photogr. Bull. 12 285/2 He would like to know whether these exposure meters would give the correct exposures.
1892 Photogr. Ann. II. 756 Makers of exposure meters..Background manufacturers.
1905 Westm. Gaz. 2 Sept. 14/2 It is little use for the amateur to use exposure tables to guide him as to the correct exposures to be given under certain conditions.
1918 Photo-Miniature Mar. (Glossary) Exposure indicator, a device attached to plate-holders to show that the shutter has been withdrawn and re-inserted, i.e., exposure of plate.
1919 Brit. Jrnl. Photogr. Almanac 244 The taking of a photograph is known as an exposure, e.g., ‘I made 6 exposures’; and the term is also used for the time occupied, e.g., ‘6 seconds exposure’.
1940 A. L. M. Sowerby Wall's Dict. Photogr. (ed. 15) 281 Exposure calculators are identical in principle with exposure tables... The calculator-mechanism is simply a substitute for the more usual addition of a series of numbers.
1958 Oxf. Mail 19 May 6/4 An exposure meter..shows how much light is falling on the subject you want to photograph, and the exposure required.
f. indecent exposure, the action of publicly exposing one's body in an indecent manner. Also figurative.
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1851 Act 14 & 15 Victoria c. 100 §29 Any public and indecent Exposure of the Person... It shall be lawful for the Court to sentence the Offender to be imprisoned.
1872 Wharton's Law Lexicon (ed. 5) 470/2 Indecent exposure, an indictable offence at common law.
1928 G. B. Shaw Platform & Pulpit (1962) 188 Disgraceful conduct in the parks, indecent exposure.
1958 J. Cannan And be Villain iii. 49 He took himself off to deal with a case of indecent exposure on the tow-path.
1959 N. Marsh Singing in Shrouds iv. 67 Have you witnessed his weekly exhibitions of indecent exposure on the television?
1970 Sunday Times 6 Dec. (Colour Suppl.) 24/2 One hard-working executive would have become the only male in an office containing 100 women, if Ian Withers had not discovered that the man had convictions for indecent exposure.
g. Mountaineering. (See quots.)
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1935 D. Pilley Climbing Days i. 17 You really do feel suspended over the valley with nothing but air below. ‘Exposure’, in other words, to use the climbing technicality, is continuous.
1940 F. Smythe Adventures of Mountaineer vii. 102 Exposure..is simply the height and nature of the drop beneath the climber.
1957 R. G. Collomb Dict. Mountaineering 66 Exposure, a climber's awareness or feeling of height; his appreciation of the open position on a steep cliff or mountain... The effect of exposure is a temporary set-back or nervousness.
h. The action of bringing to public notice; the condition of being exposed to the attention of the general public, publicity. Now used esp. of publicity achieved through broadcasting or advertising. Originally U.S.
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society > communication > manifestation > showing to the sight > exposure to public view > [noun] > the action of
exposure1956
1956 St. Louis (Missouri) Post-Disp. 23 Aug. 2 f/1 Years ago a performer was hired for a performance... Now it's exposure.
1957 Variety 5 June 1/4 Nikita Krushchev's..interview on CBS-TV's ‘Face the Nation’ will get wide exposure.
1966 Wall St. Jrnl. 25 July 1 All..are designed to get broadcast ‘exposure’ for records that otherwise might be drowned in the unending torrent of new releases.
1971 Radio Times 19 Aug. 47/2 People who're doing something worthwhile but aren't getting any exposure for it.
1979 D. Halberstam Powers that Be (1980) ii. vii. 320 Television was giving him the access and exposure that the party machinery would have loved to deny him.
1980 Oxford Star 23 Oct. 22/1 Zanussi..have until now not attained full exposure in this country because they've concentrated mainly on manufacturing goods to be sold under such labels as Tricity, Hotpoint and Hoover.
1986 Times 2 Oct. 7/1 By the time California voters go to the polls..the issue will have received a remarkable amount of exposure.
2. concrete.† a. An exposed or unprotected point. Obsolete.
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the world > action or operation > harm or detriment > danger > [noun] > liability to harm, loss, etc. > action or condition of exposure to harm > unprotectedness > unprotected side or point
blind side1606
exposure?1611
?1611 G. Chapman tr. Homer Iliads vii. 62 If he with home-thrust iron can reach the exposure of my life.
b. A surface laid open to view, or to the operation of any agency.
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the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > surface > [noun] > laid open to view
exposure1877
1877 T. H. Huxley Physiography v. 73 The sea..offers a vast exposure of salt water to the heat of the sun.
1878 T. H. Huxley Physiography (ed. 2) xvii. 289 Below these come the Thanet beds of which good exposures may be seen at Herne Bay.
1888 J. W. Dawson Geol. Hist. Plants 65 Specimens obtained from the rich exposures at Gaspé Bay.
3. The manner or degree in which anything is exposed; esp. situation with respect to sun and wind; ‘aspect’ with regard to the quarter of the heavens.
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the world > space > direction > [noun] > aspect or direction faced
exposure1664
aspect1667
exposition1688
expositure1798
1664 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense 75 in Sylva Set such plants..[in] some bed under a Southern exposure.
1691 J. Evelyn Kalendarium Hortense (ed. 8) 154 [The Green-house] being placed at the most advantageous Exposure to the Sun.
1710 G. London & H. Wise J. de la Quintinie's Compl. Gard'ner (1719) 175 The Fruits of the Northern Exposure ripen last of all.
1793 J. Smeaton Narr. Edystone Lighthouse (ed. 2) §55 This Lighthouse proves the practicability of a similar erection in any like exposure in the known world.
1827 H. Steuart Planter's Guide (1828) 514 The shoots might measure more than two and a half feet, in similar exposures.
1873 H. B. Tristram Land of Moab xiii. 237 Scarped rocks..far down the southern exposure.
Draft additions 1993
Photography. The exposing of a photosensitive surface to the action of light or other electromagnetic radiation. Hence, (a) the extent to which this occurs during the taking of a photograph; (b) the combination of shutter speed and aperture to be used on such an occasion; (c) the time during which the surface is exposed (in full exposure time). Also, spec. each of the sections of a film which may be separately exposed, and attributive in exposure meter n. a device that indicates the correct exposure time and lens aperture.
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society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > action of taking photograph > technical factors > [noun] > combination of shutter speed and aperture
exposure1890
society > leisure > the arts > visual arts > photography > plates and films > [noun] > film > reel > separate section
exposure1933
1890 Hurter & Driffield in Jrnl. Soc. Chem. Industry 31 May 464/2 The product of intensity of light and time, i.e., the ‘exposure’.
1894 Amer. Ann. Photogr. 251 The exposures were mostly ‘snaps’.
1933 Discovery Feb. 59/2 Roll films are used, each roll containing one hundred exposures.
1934 Jrnl. Royal Aeronaut. Soc. 38 545 Rapid determination of exposure time in reference to time of year, state of sky, colour of subject.
1937 W. H. Auden in W. H. Auden & L. MacNeice Lett. from Iceland 21 A bunch of photographs, Some out of focus, some with wrong exposures.
1979 Sci. Amer. (U.K. ed.) June 143/3 As he photographed the color chart he first set his camera at the correct exposure (f-stop and exposure speed) for the lighting conditions.
1984 Which? July 322/2 You can get extremely short exposures when using an automatic..flash unit for taking close-up subjects.
Draft additions 1993
a. The extent to which an insurance company is at risk from any particular contingency; originally and chiefly (the risk of) the spread of fire to or from adjoining or adjacent property. In quot. 1867, the property itself.
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society > trade and finance > financial dealings > insurance > [noun] > insurance risk (collective) > specific risks covered
fire risk1802
fire hazard1846
exposure1867
the world > matter > properties of materials > temperature > heat > burning > [noun] > going or setting on fire > going on fire > an inflammable substance > inflammable matter near insured building
exposure1867
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > insurance > [noun] > insurance risk (collective)
exposure1957
1867 Aetna Guide to Fire Insurance (Aetna Insurance Co.) 338 (Gloss.) Exposures, adjacent combustible buildings or matter, which if ignited would endanger the subject in question.
1912 H. M. Hess in H. P. Dunham Business of Insurance I. v. 72 The liability of fire extending beyond the bounds of the buildings in which it starts to other buildings constitutes that element of fire hazard, which underwriters call Exposure.
1926 E. R. Hardy Making of Fire Insurance Rate xxxiv. 229 There are three forms of exposure known as radiated, absorbed and transmitted.
1957 D. T. Clark & B. A. Gottfried Dict. Business & Finance 144/1 Exposure, in insurance, the condition of being open to loss from some particular hazard or contingency. Also..the amount of money..which is so exposed to loss.
1982 G. E. Rejda Princ. Insurance xxvii. 546/1 Exposure refers to the possibility that the insured building will be damaged or destroyed from a fire that starts in an adjacent building.
b. Commerce. More generally, the financial commitment of a bank or other company in any particular country, activity, or asset; the amount committed, or the risk associated with this.
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society > trade and finance > money > funds or pecuniary resources > [noun] > of a corporation or institution
treasury1560
University Chest?1625
chest1662
exposure1975
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > types of money-dealing > [noun] > management of assets, capital, or investments > associated risk
exposure1975
society > trade and finance > financial dealings > types of money-dealing > [noun] > provision of capital > capital or principal > types of
stock1598
artificial capital1772
circulating capital1776
natural capital1785
money capital1791
working capital1798
reserve1819
authorized capital1825
current asset1826
loan capital1848
capital asset1851
water1867
capital equipment1893
refugee capital1926
risk capital1927
hot money1936
venture capital1943
risk money1944
exposure1975
1975 Dun's Rev. Jan. 33/2 Corporate dollars..are increasingly hard to come by. But in some cases it was also a question of exposure.
1981 Times 2 Apr. 21/1 National Westminster [Bank] has already agreed to increase its lending exposure.
1986 Accountancy Feb. 98/2 The balance of exposure at any time is the net amount of monetary assets and liabilities.
Draft additions 1993
Practical experience, esp. of a specified kind of work. Originally U.S.
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society > occupation and work > working > career > [noun] > training or preparation schemes
work–study1924
work experience1967
exposure1968
shadowing1976
work shadowing1976
Youth Opportunities Programme1977
YOP1978
job shadowing1979
Youth Training Scheme1981
YTS1984
new deal1995
1968 N.Y. Times 7 Apr. ix. 30 w/7 The opportunities to be derived from the exposure offered by an initial assignment on a corporate auditing staff are..underestimated.
1975 Dun's Rev. Jan. 48/3 Women..will have to be given additional exposure in new jobs and duties..in order to provide the seasoning necessary for upward advancement.
1984 Weekend Austral. 10–11 Nov. 2/6 (advt.) Preference will be given to someone with extensive hotel experience in Australia at three or four star level and possibly with some overseas exposure.
Draft additions 1993
exposure draft n. Accountancy a draft accounting standard circulated publicly for comment.
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society > trade and finance > management of money > keeping accounts > account or statement of > [noun] > other types of statement
stewart-compt1580
book account1649
account stateda1683
ledger-account1738
bank statement1824
pay bill1828
cost sheet1840
average-statement1865
reconciliation statement1866
swindle sheet1906
exposure draft1971
1971 Accountant 21 Jan. 70/2 The second, and longer, of the two new exposure drafts deals with Accounting for acquisitions and mergers.
1976 Daily Tel. 28 Aug. 14/7 The ‘exposure draft’..will be open for public comments for six months before an amended accounting standard is published and made mandatory.
1987 Financial Times 28 Mar. 4/1 The Accounting Standards Committee..intended to publish an exposure draft for a new accounting standard for off-balance-sheet financing at its meeting in June.
Draft additions September 2022
exposure therapy n. (a) a method of treating skin burns that involves exposing them to the air, rather than covering them with a dressing (now rare); (b) a form of psychotherapy intended to alleviate distressing anxiety or fear by means of repeated, controlled exposure of an individual to specific situations or objects that elicit such responses.
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1951 Ann. Surg. 134 574/1 Exposure therapy fell into disuse, it would appear, because skin grafting in full-thickness burns was often too long delayed and suppuration developed beneath the neglected slough.
1970 Behavior Therapy 1 198 The behavioral techniques would include those operations of a nonintrospective nature, such as in operant conditioning, exposure therapy, graded task assignments, roleplaying, and assertive training.
2002 N.Y. Mag. 25 Feb. 11/4 [She]..plans to take ‘a nice mix of post-traumatic-stress and/or depression’ candidates to help determine which treatment is more effective—regular therapy or ‘exposure therapy’, in which patients recount an event so many times that they eventually lose the feeling of panic associated with it.
2017 Clinics in Plastic Surg. 44 481/1 Exposure therapy is often the method of choice [in low- and middle-income countries] because gauze dressings are considered to be expensive.
2019 A. Bhagwati Unbecoming xiv. 260 There's a controversial treatment in trauma psychology called exposure therapy.
This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online December 2022).
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