factitiveadj.n.

Brit.

/ˈfaktᵻtɪv/, U.S.

/ˈfæktəˌtɪv/

Origin: A borrowing from German. Etymon: German factitiv.

Etymology: < German factitiv (1777 or earlier in sense A. 2, 1828 or earlier in sense A. 1a; now usually faktitiv ), irregularly < classical Latin fact- , past participial stem of facere to make (see fact n.) + German -itiv (in e.g. transitiv transitive adj.). With the use as noun compare German Factitivum (1773 or earlier; now usually Faktitivum). Compare also French factitif, noun (1820) and adjective (1832).

Linguistics and Grammar.

A. adj.

a. Of a verb: taking a complement expressing a result (either actual or in thought or representation) as well as a direct object.Little used in analyses of English syntax. English examples of factitive verbs are ‘to make a man king’, ‘to call a person a fool’, ‘to paint the door green’, ‘to let a bird go’, ‘to condemn a prisoner to death’.

ΚΠ

1830 C. F. Becker Gram. German Lang. 4 Transitive verbs are called Factitive, if they imply an action, which again causes an intransitive action of the supplementary object.

1857 J. W. Gibbs Philol. Stud. 95 The simple infinitive was also used to denote the second object after a factitive verb.

1871 B. H. Kennedy Public School Lat. Gram. §110. 251 They [sc. Copulative Verbs] comprise..many Passives of a class of Verbs called Factitive.., because they contain the idea of making by deed, thought, or word.

1920 Amer. Schoolmaster 15 June 229/1 It is the treatment of the factitive verb passive and its complement to which I object.

1959 E. C. Woodcock New Lat. Syntax vii. 75 Currentem is not here a predicated adjective; i.e. video is not acting as a factitive verb.

b. Of or relating to a verb of this type; spec. designating the complementary object (in English typically a noun, adjective, or infinitival complement) taken by such a verb.

ΚΠ

1830 C. F. Becker Gram. German Lang. 209 In the Finnish and in some other languages we meet with a factitive case corresponding to the factitive relation.

1841 M. Stuart Gram. New Test. Dial. (ed. 2) 136 All have predominantly a factitive (Heb. Hiphil) meaning.

1845 K. F. Becker Gram. German Lang. (ed. 2) 273 The factitive object is expressed 1. by a substantive (with or without a preposition); 2. by an adjective undeclined; 3. by a verb in the infinitive. 1. Factitive substantive. [Etc.].

1857 J. W. Gibbs Philol. Stud. xxiv. 70 This second object is called the factitive object.

1912 Eng. Jrnl. 1 446 Construction names..(3) Factitive adjective for the construction of the word ‘red’ in the sentence, ‘He painted the barn red.’ (4) Factitive noun for the construction of the word ‘captain’ in the sentence, ‘They elected him captain.’

1963 F. T. Visser Hist. Syntax Eng. Lang. (1970) I. iii. 577 The notion these verbs have in common is ‘to cause to be’. Their character might be called factitive.

1985 M. Noonan in T. Shopen Lang. Typology & Syntactic Descr. II. ii. 139 Factitive objects are found with three-place, manipulative predicates, where they represent the state or action brought about by the subject's activity on the direct object.

1998 G. Lazard Actancy v. 175 Only the third term is at stake in such variations as the shift from par to à in French factitive constructions, e. g...a. le gardien fait nettoyer les latrines par le général ‘The guard has the latrines cleaned out by the general’ b. le gardien fait nettoyer les latrines au général ‘The guard has the general clean out the latrines’.

2. Designating or relating to (esp. German) causative verbs formed from an intransitive verb or an adjective; gen. causative.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > verb > [adjective] > causal

factitive1834

factive1878

1834 A. Bernays Compend. German Gram. in New Eng.-German & German-Eng. Dict. I. p. lvii Nen, term of many words in which the n often appears as a factitive or intensitive sign: warnen, to warn, fr. wahren, to be careful.

1843 New Englander (New Haven, Connecticut) July 246 The formation of verbs from other verbs, and having a factitive or causative sense; as, to bait from to bite, [etc.].

1905 G. O. Curme Gram. German Lang. ii. 306 Factitive verbs (which show that the subject makes something do or become something, as the woodman fells, i. e. makes fall, the tree).

1956 H. Kurath & S. M. Kuhn Middle Eng. Dict. I. 793/1 Forming trans. verbs from intransitives, often with specialized (factitive, completive, figurative) meaning(s).

2004 C. Young & T. Gloning Hist. German Lang. through Texts vii. 75 OHG [sc. Old High German] had three classes of weak verbs..: (a) -jan verbs were causative or factitive, [etc.].

B. n.

A factitive verb, form, construction, case, etc.

ΘΚΠ

the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > verb > [noun] > other specific types of verb

vocative verbc1414

activec1450

passivec1450

substantive verba1475

neuter1530

gesture1612

nominal1666

quiescent1720

reduplicative1756

dative verb1844

factitive1845

preterite-present1859

compound verb1863

pro-verb1868

preterito-presentia1870

preteritive present1872

action verb1877

verbid1914

inversive1931

eventive1946

hypothetical1957

non-factive1970

commonization1973

contrafactive1985

1845 K. F. Becker Gram. German Lang. (ed. 2) 238 The factitive expresses, what the subject or a suffering object becomes or is thought to be.

1889 Cent. Dict. 2113/3 Factitive,..a factitive verb.

1910 H. Baumann Muret-Sanders Enzyklopadisches English-Deutsches und Deutsch-Englisches Wörterbuch (ed. 2) II. 353/1 To drench is the factitive of the verb to drink.

1934 R. C. Priebsch & W. E. Collinson German Lang. ii. iii. 230 It [sc. ver] further forms factitives from adjectives, e.g. verbittern, versüssen.

1968 C. J. Fillmore in E. Bach & R. T. Harms Universals in Ling. Theory 25 Factitive.., the case of the object or being resulting from the action or state identified by the verb, or understood as a part of the meaning of the verb.

2000 L. J. Brinton Struct. Mod. Eng. x. 268 A Factitive comes about by virtue of the action itself.

Derivatives

ˈfactitively adv.

ΚΠ

1852 B. H. Kennedy Crit. Exam. Dr. Donaldson's ‘Compl. Lat. Gram.’ 94 A cause or concession factitively expressed by qui..will be Indicative.

1877 W. D. Whitney Essent. Eng. Gram. 166 Even intransitive verbs are thus used factitively.

1911 A. E. Sharp Elem. Eng. Gram. lxxi. 210 Adjectives may qualify in four different ways, viz.:..4. Factitively, when they qualify some object in the factitive relation; as, I found him useful.

2004 D. E. Green & D. W. Stott tr. G. J. Botterweck et al. Theol. Dict. Old Test. XIV. 62 Considering the intransitive character of the two roots, the piel of śḥq/ṣḥq might also be meant factitively.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	factitive
释义	factitiveadj.n. Brit. /ˈfaktᵻtɪv/, U.S. /ˈfæktəˌtɪv/ Origin: A borrowing from German. Etymon: German factitiv. Etymology: < German factitiv (1777 or earlier in sense A. 2, 1828 or earlier in sense A. 1a; now usually faktitiv ), irregularly < classical Latin fact- , past participial stem of facere to make (see fact n.) + German -itiv (in e.g. transitiv transitive adj.). With the use as noun compare German Factitivum (1773 or earlier; now usually Faktitivum). Compare also French factitif, noun (1820) and adjective (1832). Linguistics and Grammar. A. adj. 1. a. Of a verb: taking a complement expressing a result (either actual or in thought or representation) as well as a direct object.Little used in analyses of English syntax. English examples of factitive verbs are ‘to make a man king’, ‘to call a person a fool’, ‘to paint the door green’, ‘to let a bird go’, ‘to condemn a prisoner to death’. ΚΠ 1830 C. F. Becker Gram. German Lang. 4 Transitive verbs are called Factitive, if they imply an action, which again causes an intransitive action of the supplementary object. 1857 J. W. Gibbs Philol. Stud. 95 The simple infinitive was also used to denote the second object after a factitive verb. 1871 B. H. Kennedy Public School Lat. Gram. §110. 251 They [sc. Copulative Verbs] comprise..many Passives of a class of Verbs called Factitive.., because they contain the idea of making by deed, thought, or word. 1920 Amer. Schoolmaster 15 June 229/1 It is the treatment of the factitive verb passive and its complement to which I object. 1959 E. C. Woodcock New Lat. Syntax vii. 75 Currentem is not here a predicated adjective; i.e. video is not acting as a factitive verb. b. Of or relating to a verb of this type; spec. designating the complementary object (in English typically a noun, adjective, or infinitival complement) taken by such a verb. ΚΠ 1830 C. F. Becker Gram. German Lang. 209 In the Finnish and in some other languages we meet with a factitive case corresponding to the factitive relation. 1841 M. Stuart Gram. New Test. Dial. (ed. 2) 136 All have predominantly a factitive (Heb. Hiphil) meaning. 1845 K. F. Becker Gram. German Lang. (ed. 2) 273 The factitive object is expressed 1. by a substantive (with or without a preposition); 2. by an adjective undeclined; 3. by a verb in the infinitive. 1. Factitive substantive. [Etc.]. 1857 J. W. Gibbs Philol. Stud. xxiv. 70 This second object is called the factitive object. 1912 Eng. Jrnl. 1 446 Construction names..(3) Factitive adjective for the construction of the word ‘red’ in the sentence, ‘He painted the barn red.’ (4) Factitive noun for the construction of the word ‘captain’ in the sentence, ‘They elected him captain.’ 1963 F. T. Visser Hist. Syntax Eng. Lang. (1970) I. iii. 577 The notion these verbs have in common is ‘to cause to be’. Their character might be called factitive. 1985 M. Noonan in T. Shopen Lang. Typology & Syntactic Descr. II. ii. 139 Factitive objects are found with three-place, manipulative predicates, where they represent the state or action brought about by the subject's activity on the direct object. 1998 G. Lazard Actancy v. 175 Only the third term is at stake in such variations as the shift from par to à in French factitive constructions, e. g...a. le gardien fait nettoyer les latrines par le général ‘The guard has the latrines cleaned out by the general’ b. le gardien fait nettoyer les latrines au général ‘The guard has the general clean out the latrines’. 2. Designating or relating to (esp. German) causative verbs formed from an intransitive verb or an adjective; gen. causative. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > verb > [adjective] > causal factitive1834 factive1878 1834 A. Bernays Compend. German Gram. in New Eng.-German & German-Eng. Dict. I. p. lvii Nen, term of many words in which the n often appears as a factitive or intensitive sign: warnen, to warn, fr. wahren, to be careful. 1843 New Englander (New Haven, Connecticut) July 246 The formation of verbs from other verbs, and having a factitive or causative sense; as, to bait from to bite, [etc.]. 1905 G. O. Curme Gram. German Lang. ii. 306 Factitive verbs (which show that the subject makes something do or become something, as the woodman fells, i. e. makes fall, the tree). 1956 H. Kurath & S. M. Kuhn Middle Eng. Dict. I. 793/1 Forming trans. verbs from intransitives, often with specialized (factitive, completive, figurative) meaning(s). 2004 C. Young & T. Gloning Hist. German Lang. through Texts vii. 75 OHG [sc. Old High German] had three classes of weak verbs..: (a) -jan verbs were causative or factitive, [etc.]. B. n. A factitive verb, form, construction, case, etc. ΘΚΠ the mind > language > linguistics > study of grammar > a part of speech > verb > [noun] > other specific types of verb vocative verbc1414 activec1450 passivec1450 substantive verba1475 neuter1530 gesture1612 nominal1666 quiescent1720 reduplicative1756 dative verb1844 factitive1845 preterite-present1859 compound verb1863 pro-verb1868 preterito-presentia1870 preteritive present1872 action verb1877 verbid1914 inversive1931 eventive1946 hypothetical1957 non-factive1970 commonization1973 contrafactive1985 1845 K. F. Becker Gram. German Lang. (ed. 2) 238 The factitive expresses, what the subject or a suffering object becomes or is thought to be. 1889 Cent. Dict. 2113/3 Factitive,..a factitive verb. 1910 H. Baumann Muret-Sanders Enzyklopadisches English-Deutsches und Deutsch-Englisches Wörterbuch (ed. 2) II. 353/1 To drench is the factitive of the verb to drink. 1934 R. C. Priebsch & W. E. Collinson German Lang. ii. iii. 230 It [sc. ver] further forms factitives from adjectives, e.g. verbittern, versüssen. 1968 C. J. Fillmore in E. Bach & R. T. Harms Universals in Ling. Theory 25 Factitive.., the case of the object or being resulting from the action or state identified by the verb, or understood as a part of the meaning of the verb. 2000 L. J. Brinton Struct. Mod. Eng. x. 268 A Factitive comes about by virtue of the action itself. Derivatives ˈfactitively adv. ΚΠ 1852 B. H. Kennedy Crit. Exam. Dr. Donaldson's ‘Compl. Lat. Gram.’ 94 A cause or concession factitively expressed by qui..will be Indicative. 1877 W. D. Whitney Essent. Eng. Gram. 166 Even intransitive verbs are thus used factitively. 1911 A. E. Sharp Elem. Eng. Gram. lxxi. 210 Adjectives may qualify in four different ways, viz.:..4. Factitively, when they qualify some object in the factitive relation; as, I found him useful. 2004 D. E. Green & D. W. Stott tr. G. J. Botterweck et al. Theol. Dict. Old Test. XIV. 62 Considering the intransitive character of the two roots, the piel of śḥq/ṣḥq might also be meant factitively. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, September 2014; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < adj.n.1830
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