externalityn.

/ɛkstəˈnalɪti/

Etymology: formed as external adj. + -ity suffix.

The quality of being external.

a. The quality of displaying itself in external forms.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > extrinsicality or externality > [noun]

outwardness1580

externality1673

outness1694

extraneity1849

extrinsicality1852

extraneousness1881

extrinsicism1934

1673 H. More App. Antidote Idolatry 23 Worship, in the natural externality thereof.

1838 J. C. Hare & A. W. Hare Guesses at Truth (ed. 2) 1st Ser. 95 [In France] the externality of the classical spirit has worn away into mere superficiality.

b. The quality of being ‘all on the outside’; superficiality, hollowness.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > substantiality or concreteness > unsubstantiality or abstractness > [noun] > unsubstantiality or lack of substance > superficiality or hollowness

superficiality1618

superficialness1624

outsideness1647

externality1684

floatiness1839

1684 S. E. Answer Remarks upon Dr. H. More 243 If that Externality or Superficiality were aimed at.

1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits vi. 115 There is a prose in certain Englishmen..a knell in the..externality of their voice.

c. The condition or fact of being outside another object, or of being an outsider.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > [noun]

exteriority1611

externity1713

externality1877

outsidedness1897

1877 T. H. Huxley Man. Anat. Invertebrated Animals viii. 473 In relation to the body of the animal, all ligaments are external, and their internality or externality is in respect of the hinge line..along which the edges of the valves meet.

1881 Echo 1 July 1/6 The pleas of ignorance or of externality..cannot possibly be urged against one who has been the very foremost and most trusted champion of the system.

d. The quality of operating or striving to operate from without.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > [noun] > operating from outside

externality1857

1857 M. Pattison in Westm. Rev. Apr. 358 Its [sc. the New Lutheran Orthodoxy's] whole principle, indeed, is that of the externality of the Christian Institute.

2. metaphorical. The quality or fact of being external to a perceiving subject; the fact of belonging to the external world, or having an existence in space.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > extrinsicality or externality > objectivity > [noun]

objectivenessa1676

extra-existence1713

externalitya1790

objectivity1803

outerness1863

personal distance1902

the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > metaphysics > ontology > [noun] > being or entity > that exists in time and space and can be perceived > existence in space

externalitya1790

a1790 A. Smith Ess. Philos. Subjects (1795) 198 Pressure or resistance necessarily supposes externality in the thing which presses or resists.

1846 J. S. Mill Syst. Logic (ed. 2) ii. vii. §3 While looking at a solid object they cannot help having the conception, and..the momentary belief of its externality.

1871 A. C. Fraser Life & Lett. G. Berkeley iii. 62 The scientific world was preparing for that reconstruction of its conception of what sensible things and externality mean.

3. (a) An external object; an outward feature or characteristic. (b) collective. Outward things in general; an outward environment or observance.

ΘΚΠ

the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > [noun] > the outside or exterior > outer or exterior part(s) > outward parts, appearance, or trappings

exterior1591

extern1609

external1641

externality1839

1839 J. Rogers Antipopopriestian xviii. §3. 346 A huge bulk of trifling ceremonial and idle externality.

a1853 F. W. Robertson Serm. (1876) 4th Ser. xxvi. 288 The externalities of it may seem to be joy and brightness, but in the deep beneath there is a stern aspect.

1867 J. H. Stirling in Fortn. Rev. Oct. 385 So uneasy an externality, of which he is himself the powerless and apprehensive centre.

1871 D. M. Mulock Fair France 13 All these are sensuous externalities.

1874 W. B. Carpenter Princ. Mental Physiol. (1879) i. i. §10 11 Force being that externality of which we have the most direct..cognizance.

4. Absorption in externals.

ΘΚΠ

the world > existence and causation > existence > extrinsicality or externality > [noun] > occupation with the external or mere externality

materiality1605

externality1833

outwardness?c1835

society > faith > worship > observance, ritual > rule, rubric > [noun] > conformity to > slavish

formalizinga1656

externalness1667

rituality1679

externality1833

ritualism1838

rubricism1840

ecclesiolatry1847

ceremonialism1854

externalism1856

formalism1856

exterioritya1875

liturgism1926

spikery1965

1833 C. Lamb in Athenæum 2 Feb. 73/2 Deeply corporealized, and inchained hopelessly in the grovelling fetters of externality, must be the mind, to which [etc.].

1860 R. W. Emerson Worship in Conduct of Life (London ed.) 185 What proof of infidelity, like..the externality of churches that once sucked the roots of right and wrong?

Draft additions 1993

Economics. A side-effect or consequence (of an industrial or commercial activity) which affects other parties without this being reflected in the cost of the goods or services involved; a social cost or benefit. Cf. spillover n.

ΘΚΠ

society > trade and finance > management of money > management of national resources > [noun] > political economy > economic forces or effects

overheating1609

consumption1662

supply1744

production1767

demand1776

effective demand1819

employment rate1833

equilibrium1871

opportunity cost1894

bankers' ramp1931

multiplier1936

multiplier effect1937

market forces1942

cost push1952

externality1957

fiscal drag1964

demand-side1975

1957 Amer. Econ. Rev. 47 42 The stock example of such a ‘technological external economy’ (or diseconomy) is the beekeeper whose honey output will increase..if the neighboring apple producer expands his output... [note] The other type of externality treated in the neoclassical literature..consists in sensitivity of input prices to industry output.

1962 Economica 29 17 The purpose of this paper is to bring into question..the implication that externalities are either reduced or eliminated by the shift of an activity from market to political organisation.

1973 Nature 20 Apr. 488/1 The most economical way of controlling both pollution and congestion in cities must depend on what the economists call an internalization of the externalities—making the motorist bear not merely the costs of operating his vehicle but the costs of what he does to other people.

1989 D. A. Hay Economics Today iv. 157 Provisions to deal with externalities such as pollution are enacted.

This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online September 2020).

单词	externality
释义	externalityn. /ɛkstəˈnalɪti/ Etymology: formed as external adj. + -ity suffix. The quality of being external. 1. a. The quality of displaying itself in external forms. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > extrinsicality or externality > [noun] outwardness1580 externality1673 outness1694 extraneity1849 extrinsicality1852 extraneousness1881 extrinsicism1934 1673 H. More App. Antidote Idolatry 23 Worship, in the natural externality thereof. 1838 J. C. Hare & A. W. Hare Guesses at Truth (ed. 2) 1st Ser. 95 [In France] the externality of the classical spirit has worn away into mere superficiality. b. The quality of being ‘all on the outside’; superficiality, hollowness. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > substantiality or concreteness > unsubstantiality or abstractness > [noun] > unsubstantiality or lack of substance > superficiality or hollowness superficiality1618 superficialness1624 outsideness1647 externality1684 floatiness1839 1684 S. E. Answer Remarks upon Dr. H. More 243 If that Externality or Superficiality were aimed at. 1856 R. W. Emerson Eng. Traits vi. 115 There is a prose in certain Englishmen..a knell in the..externality of their voice. c. The condition or fact of being outside another object, or of being an outsider. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > [noun] exteriority1611 externity1713 externality1877 outsidedness1897 1877 T. H. Huxley Man. Anat. Invertebrated Animals viii. 473 In relation to the body of the animal, all ligaments are external, and their internality or externality is in respect of the hinge line..along which the edges of the valves meet. 1881 Echo 1 July 1/6 The pleas of ignorance or of externality..cannot possibly be urged against one who has been the very foremost and most trusted champion of the system. d. The quality of operating or striving to operate from without. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > [noun] > operating from outside externality1857 1857 M. Pattison in Westm. Rev. Apr. 358 Its [sc. the New Lutheran Orthodoxy's] whole principle, indeed, is that of the externality of the Christian Institute. 2. metaphorical. The quality or fact of being external to a perceiving subject; the fact of belonging to the external world, or having an existence in space. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > extrinsicality or externality > objectivity > [noun] objectivenessa1676 extra-existence1713 externalitya1790 objectivity1803 outerness1863 personal distance1902 the mind > mental capacity > philosophy > metaphysics > ontology > [noun] > being or entity > that exists in time and space and can be perceived > existence in space externalitya1790 a1790 A. Smith Ess. Philos. Subjects (1795) 198 Pressure or resistance necessarily supposes externality in the thing which presses or resists. 1846 J. S. Mill Syst. Logic (ed. 2) ii. vii. §3 While looking at a solid object they cannot help having the conception, and..the momentary belief of its externality. 1871 A. C. Fraser Life & Lett. G. Berkeley iii. 62 The scientific world was preparing for that reconstruction of its conception of what sensible things and externality mean. 3. (a) An external object; an outward feature or characteristic. (b) collective. Outward things in general; an outward environment or observance. ΘΚΠ the world > space > relative position > condition of being external > [noun] > the outside or exterior > outer or exterior part(s) > outward parts, appearance, or trappings exterior1591 extern1609 external1641 externality1839 1839 J. Rogers Antipopopriestian xviii. §3. 346 A huge bulk of trifling ceremonial and idle externality. a1853 F. W. Robertson Serm. (1876) 4th Ser. xxvi. 288 The externalities of it may seem to be joy and brightness, but in the deep beneath there is a stern aspect. 1867 J. H. Stirling in Fortn. Rev. Oct. 385 So uneasy an externality, of which he is himself the powerless and apprehensive centre. 1871 D. M. Mulock Fair France 13 All these are sensuous externalities. 1874 W. B. Carpenter Princ. Mental Physiol. (1879) i. i. §10 11 Force being that externality of which we have the most direct..cognizance. 4. Absorption in externals. ΘΚΠ the world > existence and causation > existence > extrinsicality or externality > [noun] > occupation with the external or mere externality materiality1605 externality1833 outwardness?c1835 society > faith > worship > observance, ritual > rule, rubric > [noun] > conformity to > slavish formalizinga1656 externalness1667 rituality1679 externality1833 ritualism1838 rubricism1840 ecclesiolatry1847 ceremonialism1854 externalism1856 formalism1856 exterioritya1875 liturgism1926 spikery1965 1833 C. Lamb in Athenæum 2 Feb. 73/2 Deeply corporealized, and inchained hopelessly in the grovelling fetters of externality, must be the mind, to which [etc.]. 1860 R. W. Emerson Worship in Conduct of Life (London ed.) 185 What proof of infidelity, like..the externality of churches that once sucked the roots of right and wrong? Draft additions 1993 Economics. A side-effect or consequence (of an industrial or commercial activity) which affects other parties without this being reflected in the cost of the goods or services involved; a social cost or benefit. Cf. spillover n. ΘΚΠ society > trade and finance > management of money > management of national resources > [noun] > political economy > economic forces or effects overheating1609 consumption1662 supply1744 production1767 demand1776 effective demand1819 employment rate1833 equilibrium1871 opportunity cost1894 bankers' ramp1931 multiplier1936 multiplier effect1937 market forces1942 cost push1952 externality1957 fiscal drag1964 demand-side1975 1957 Amer. Econ. Rev. 47 42 The stock example of such a ‘technological external economy’ (or diseconomy) is the beekeeper whose honey output will increase..if the neighboring apple producer expands his output... [note] The other type of externality treated in the neoclassical literature..consists in sensitivity of input prices to industry output. 1962 Economica 29 17 The purpose of this paper is to bring into question..the implication that externalities are either reduced or eliminated by the shift of an activity from market to political organisation. 1973 Nature 20 Apr. 488/1 The most economical way of controlling both pollution and congestion in cities must depend on what the economists call an internalization of the externalities—making the motorist bear not merely the costs of operating his vehicle but the costs of what he does to other people. 1989 D. A. Hay Economics Today iv. 157 Provisions to deal with externalities such as pollution are enacted. This entry has not yet been fully updated (first published 1894; most recently modified version published online September 2020). < n.1673
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