Family Compactn.

Brit.

/ˌfam(ᵻ)lɪ ˈkɒmpakt/,

/ˌfaml̩ɪ ˈkɒmpakt/, U.S.

/ˌfæm(ə)li ˈkɑmˌpæk(t)/

Forms: also with lower-case initials.

Origin: Formed within English, by compounding; perhaps modelled on a French lexical item, or perhaps modelled on a Spanish lexical item, or perhaps modelled on an Italian lexical item. Etymons: family n., compact n.¹

Etymology: < family n. + compact n.¹, after French pacte de famille family alliance (1708; 1733 in the French version of the Treaty of the Escorial, known as the first Family Compact), Spanish pacto de familia (1733 in the Spanish version of the same treaty), or Italian patto di famiglia family alliance (mid 17th cent. or earlier).

Now historical.

a. A formal agreement or treaty made between royal or noble families, or between members of the same royal or noble family. Now chiefly with lower-case initials.

ΚΠ

1731 tr. in Hist. Reg. No. 63. 243 The two High Allies [sc. Saxony and Hanover] reserve to themselves expresly whatever they are obliged to do for their Houses, by virtue of the Family Compacts.

1731 tr. in Daily Courant 13 Nov. 1/3 The aforesaid Convention..was concluded with no other Design, than as a Family Compact, which concerns only the Private Interests of his Royal Highness [sc. the Great Duke of Tuscany] and his Sister.

1743 Scots Mag. June 256/1 There had been a very old family-compact between the Elector of Brandenburg.., and the Duke of Mecklenburg; by which, in failure of heirs-male of either house, the other was to succeed.

1840 Prince Albert, his Country & Kindred ii. 7 Its territories were made over to the house of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld.., by virtue of a family compact existing between the Saxon dukes.

1895 Fortn. Rev. Aug. 295 Finally, the Swedish-Norwegian and the Danish royal houses conclude between themselves a family compact.

1944 S. H. Steinberg Short Hist. Germany (1945) iv. 100 The elder branch of the Wittelsbach had acquired the Palatinate in the family compact of Pavia (1329).

1995 P. Edbury in J. Riley-Smith Oxf. Illustr. Hist. Crusades xii. 306 This pattern of absentee rule continued after 1332 when as part of a family compact he surrendered his rights to Achaea to his youthful nephew.

b. spec. Any one of a series of three treaties made in the 18th cent. between the Bourbon dynasties of France and Spain and their allies for common action, esp. against Britain and Austria; an alliance resulting from one of these treaties.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > international politics or relations > international agreements > [noun] > treaty > specific treaties

Partition treaty1703

assiento1714

Family Compact1741

extradition treaty1852

Geneva Protocol1922

Antarctic Treaty1948

Dayton1995

1741 Def. Rights House of Austria 48 The Family-Compact, or as it is called the Treaty of Cofraternity, was of itself illegal.

1761 Hist. Europe in Ann. Reg. 52/2 The only reply was, that the King of Spain had thought proper to renew his family compacts.

1830 Daily National Intelligencer (Washington) 23 Jan. The famous family compact, between the two great Monarchs of the House of Bourbon.

1855 W. N. Massey Hist. Eng. I. ii. 80 The Family Compact was simply the consummation of that policy which France had steadily pursued for a long series of years.

1911 J. B. Perkins France in Amer. Revol. xxvi. 499 In 1733 the Treaty of the Escurial, the first of the Family Compacts, was signed between Louis XV and Philip V.

1960 H. Acton in Art & Ideas 18th-cent. Italy 53 Tanucci, who was opposed to the Two Sicilies joining the Bourbon Family Compact.

2003 Internat. Hist. Rev. 25 55 The Family Compact arose from shared hostility towards Britain.

2. (The name given to) a small closed group of Tory politicians and officials who exercised extensive political power in Upper Canada in the first part of the 19th cent. Hence (with lower-case initials): any political clique.

ΘΚΠ

society > authority > rule or government > politics > other national politics > [noun] > Canadian politics > principles or policies > supporters of

Family Compact1828

grit1884

bleu1885

Red Tory1953

society > authority > rule or government > politics > party politics > a party > [noun] > political clique

junto1641

old gang1664

junta1714

camarilla1839

Family Compact1988

1828 M. S. Bidwell Let. in Toronto Public Libr. MSS (B104) 153 The measures to be adopted to relieve this province from the evils which a family compact have brought upon it.

1844 T. C. Haliburton Attaché 2nd Ser. I. xv. 239 We want a party government now—not that party, but our party—not that clique, but this clique—not that family compact, but this family compact.

1899 J. P. Taylor Cardinal Facts Canad. Hist. 119 About this time [sc. 1820] the ‘Family Compact’ is said to have been formed in Upper Canada.

1965 Whig-Standard (Kingston, Ont.) 9 Jan. 9/8 He wrested the leadership of the old Family Compact from the Anglican Tories of muddy York and made it into the Conservative party.

1988 J. Ajzenstat Polit. Thought Ld. Durham vi. 52 It [sc. ‘responsible government’] spelled the end of the ‘family compacts’, the political cliques in each province.

2009 P. Malcolmson & R. Myers Canad. Regime (ed. 4) iii. 39 The governors..had appointed as their advisors an executive council composed almost exclusively of members of the Family Compact.

This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022).

单词	family compact
释义	Family Compactn. Brit. /ˌfam(ᵻ)lɪ ˈkɒmpakt/, /ˌfaml̩ɪ ˈkɒmpakt/, U.S. /ˌfæm(ə)li ˈkɑmˌpæk(t)/ Forms: also with lower-case initials. Origin: Formed within English, by compounding; perhaps modelled on a French lexical item, or perhaps modelled on a Spanish lexical item, or perhaps modelled on an Italian lexical item. Etymons: family n., compact n.¹ Etymology: < family n. + compact n.¹, after French pacte de famille family alliance (1708; 1733 in the French version of the Treaty of the Escorial, known as the first Family Compact), Spanish pacto de familia (1733 in the Spanish version of the same treaty), or Italian patto di famiglia family alliance (mid 17th cent. or earlier). Now historical. 1. a. A formal agreement or treaty made between royal or noble families, or between members of the same royal or noble family. Now chiefly with lower-case initials. ΚΠ 1731 tr. in Hist. Reg. No. 63. 243 The two High Allies [sc. Saxony and Hanover] reserve to themselves expresly whatever they are obliged to do for their Houses, by virtue of the Family Compacts. 1731 tr. in Daily Courant 13 Nov. 1/3 The aforesaid Convention..was concluded with no other Design, than as a Family Compact, which concerns only the Private Interests of his Royal Highness [sc. the Great Duke of Tuscany] and his Sister. 1743 Scots Mag. June 256/1 There had been a very old family-compact between the Elector of Brandenburg.., and the Duke of Mecklenburg; by which, in failure of heirs-male of either house, the other was to succeed. 1840 Prince Albert, his Country & Kindred ii. 7 Its territories were made over to the house of Saxe-Coburg-Saalfeld.., by virtue of a family compact existing between the Saxon dukes. 1895 Fortn. Rev. Aug. 295 Finally, the Swedish-Norwegian and the Danish royal houses conclude between themselves a family compact. 1944 S. H. Steinberg Short Hist. Germany (1945) iv. 100 The elder branch of the Wittelsbach had acquired the Palatinate in the family compact of Pavia (1329). 1995 P. Edbury in J. Riley-Smith Oxf. Illustr. Hist. Crusades xii. 306 This pattern of absentee rule continued after 1332 when as part of a family compact he surrendered his rights to Achaea to his youthful nephew. b. spec. Any one of a series of three treaties made in the 18th cent. between the Bourbon dynasties of France and Spain and their allies for common action, esp. against Britain and Austria; an alliance resulting from one of these treaties. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > international politics or relations > international agreements > [noun] > treaty > specific treaties Partition treaty1703 assiento1714 Family Compact1741 extradition treaty1852 Geneva Protocol1922 Antarctic Treaty1948 Dayton1995 1741 Def. Rights House of Austria 48 The Family-Compact, or as it is called the Treaty of Cofraternity, was of itself illegal. 1761 Hist. Europe in Ann. Reg. 52/2 The only reply was, that the King of Spain had thought proper to renew his family compacts. 1830 Daily National Intelligencer (Washington) 23 Jan. The famous family compact, between the two great Monarchs of the House of Bourbon. 1855 W. N. Massey Hist. Eng. I. ii. 80 The Family Compact was simply the consummation of that policy which France had steadily pursued for a long series of years. 1911 J. B. Perkins France in Amer. Revol. xxvi. 499 In 1733 the Treaty of the Escurial, the first of the Family Compacts, was signed between Louis XV and Philip V. 1960 H. Acton in Art & Ideas 18th-cent. Italy 53 Tanucci, who was opposed to the Two Sicilies joining the Bourbon Family Compact. 2003 Internat. Hist. Rev. 25 55 The Family Compact arose from shared hostility towards Britain. 2. (The name given to) a small closed group of Tory politicians and officials who exercised extensive political power in Upper Canada in the first part of the 19th cent. Hence (with lower-case initials): any political clique. ΘΚΠ society > authority > rule or government > politics > other national politics > [noun] > Canadian politics > principles or policies > supporters of Family Compact1828 grit1884 bleu1885 Red Tory1953 society > authority > rule or government > politics > party politics > a party > [noun] > political clique junto1641 old gang1664 junta1714 camarilla1839 Family Compact1988 1828 M. S. Bidwell Let. in Toronto Public Libr. MSS (B104) 153 The measures to be adopted to relieve this province from the evils which a family compact have brought upon it. 1844 T. C. Haliburton Attaché 2nd Ser. I. xv. 239 We want a party government now—not that party, but our party—not that clique, but this clique—not that family compact, but this family compact. 1899 J. P. Taylor Cardinal Facts Canad. Hist. 119 About this time [sc. 1820] the ‘Family Compact’ is said to have been formed in Upper Canada. 1965 Whig-Standard (Kingston, Ont.) 9 Jan. 9/8 He wrested the leadership of the old Family Compact from the Anglican Tories of muddy York and made it into the Conservative party. 1988 J. Ajzenstat Polit. Thought Ld. Durham vi. 52 It [sc. ‘responsible government’] spelled the end of the ‘family compacts’, the political cliques in each province. 2009 P. Malcolmson & R. Myers Canad. Regime (ed. 4) iii. 39 The governors..had appointed as their advisors an executive council composed almost exclusively of members of the Family Compact. This entry has been updated (OED Third Edition, December 2013; most recently modified version published online March 2022). < n.1731
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